This document outlines the writing process and provides guidance on each step. It discusses invention/prewriting including free writing, questioning, and brainstorming. Next it covers arrangement, where the writer structures their ideas through informal and formal outlining. The main body of the essay is then drafted through multiple revisions. Key steps include writing a first draft, then revising the rough draft, second draft, and final draft. Throughout the process, the writer should focus on developing a clear introduction, coherent body paragraphs, and a concluding section that summarizes the main points.

2. Group Members:
1. Shahzad Altaf
Khan
2. M. Nadeem
3. Sadaf Jabbar
NUML, Multan Campus

3. Writing" is the process of using symbols
(letters of the alphabet, punctuation) to
communicate thoughts and ideas in a
readable form.

4.  The writing process reflects the
concern and choices.
 Writing is such an erratic process.
 No two writers approach the writing
process in exactly the same way.

5. INVENTION/PREWRITIN
G
ARRANGEMENT
Drafting & Revision
2
1
3

6. INVENTION/PREWRITIN
G
1
 An important part of the writing process.
 Most people are unaware about its
importance.
 The writer should be aware of the
assignment.
 Subject should be limited by considering the
length, purpose, audience and occasion of essay, as
well as the knowledge about the subject.

7. LENGTH1
PURPOSE2
AUDIENCE
OCCASION
KNOWLEDGE
SUBJECTTO TOPIC3
4
5
6
Step-1
Awarenessof subject
Step-2
Awarenessof subject

8. Free writing:a
 Free writing is particularly useful
as a way to get started.
 The purpose of free writing.
 The object of free writing allows
flowing ideas freely.

9. Questions for
Probing:
b
 In probing a subject you ask a
series of questions about it.
 These questions are useful.
 Examples;
What happened?
When did it happen?

10. Brainstorming :c
 Brainstorming is a method of invention that can
help to find something.
 A method of free association for generating
ideas.
 Brainstorming can be in a group or individually.
 Quickly write down every fact, idea or
association.

11.  An informal outline can make forms.
 An informal outline is just a list of
major points.
 Informal outlines simply suggest
the shape of essay.
INFORMAL OUTLINE :d

12. Formulating a Thesis
:
d
 Thesis is the main idea of an
essay.
 It is the central point that an
essay supports.
 The term is commonly used to
identify the status of main idea

13. ARRANGEMENT2
 Arrangement is that stage at which
material is arranged into an essay.
 It suggests how the material should be
structured.
 The structure of essay is found in the
questions that proved most helpful.

14. What happened?
When did it happen?
Where did it happen?
What does it look like?
What are its characteristics?
How did it happen?
What makes it works
Narration
Descriptive
Exemplification

15. Formal Outlines:
 Formal outlines are multilevel, detailed
constructions.
 The outline should be as simple as
possible.
 Outline should contain conventions of
numbering, indentation and punctuation.
 Make the headings in group under Roman
numerals (I, II, III, and IV etc.)
1

16. Parts of Essay:2
The Introduction
The Body Paragraph
Conclusion

17. TheIntroduction
 The opening of the essay introduces the
subject of essay.
 The writer can give some background
information.
 The essay writer can introduce an essay
with a definition.
 An essay can begin with a general or
specific question.
 The writer can begin his essay with the
use of a quotation

18. The Body
Paragraph:
 Body paragraph should be
unified.
 Body paragraph should be
coherent.
 Body paragraph should be well
developed.

19. TheConclusion:
 The conclusion is very important.
 The conclusion can be as brief as one
sentence.
 The Conclusion can be simply
reviewing the main points.
 Conclusion can be with a prediction

20. Drafting & Revision3
Writing the first draft
Revising the Rough draft
Revising the second draft
Revising the Final draft
1
2
3
4

21. Writing the first draft1
 The purpose of the first draft is to get
down the ideas on paper.
 A writer can discover new directions for the
essay.
 It is the arrangement of all ideas about the
subject of assignment.

22. Revising the Rough draft2
The Introduction
The Body Paragraph

23. Revising the second draft3
i. The Title.
ii. The introduction.
iii. The Body Paragraph

24. Revising the Final draft4

25. Revision checklist5
Introduction/thesis:
Is the topic
sufficiently narrowed?
Is the thesis accurate,
clear and specific?
Does the thesis
indicate the direction
which the essay will
take?
Is your introduction
appropriate for your
material audience and
purpose
Body Paragraph:
Is the topic
sufficiently developed?
Does the essay have a
clear pattern of
development?
Are the paragraphs well
developed?
Are the paragraphs
unified?
Are the paragraphs
coherent?
Conclusion:
Is your conclusion
interesting?
Does the ending follow
from your strongest
points?

26. THANKSFOR
YOUR
PATIENCE