This document provides information on milling, shaper, and grinding machines. It discusses the main parts and operations of milling machines, including plain milling, face milling, and gear milling. It also describes the working principle and main parts of shaper machines, including the base, column, cross rail, and table. Finally, it gives a brief overview of grinding machines, including the principle, construction, types such as belt and bench grinders, and common uses for finishing surfaces and tools.

1. Milling and Shaper Machine
Tribhuvan University
Institute of Engineering (IOE)
Himalaya College of Engineering
Prepared By: Er. Amrit Tiwari
Assistant Lecturer
Himalaya College of Engineering

2. MILLING MACHINE

3. Introduction
• Milling is a machine tool in which metal is removed by means of a
revolving multi-point cutter.
• The work is fed to the cutter longitudinally, transversely or vertically.
• Suitable for the tool room work due to its variety of operation with
better surface finish and accuracy.
• Available as vertical and horizontal types.

4. Milling Machines

5. Milling Machines

6. Principal Parts

7. Milling Operations
1. Plain or Slab Milling:
• It is operation in the production of flat or horizontal surface parallel
to the axis of the cutter.
2. Face Milling:
• Face milling operation is also the production of the flat surface
which is at right angle to the axis of the rotation of the face of the
milling cutter.
3. Angular Milling:
• It is the production of flat surface, which is at an angle to the cutter.
4. Side Milling:
• It is production of a vertical flat surface on the side face of job by
using side milling cutter
5. Form Milling:
• It is production of irregular contours by using the cutters of the same
profile corresponding to the surface generated.

8. Milling Operations

9. Milling Operations
6. Gang Milling:
• It is the production of many surfaces of a job simultaneously
7. End Milling:
• It is the production of both peripheral and face milling operations
simultaneously.
• It generates vertical, horizontal or angular surfaces by using a end
mill cutter
8. Milling T slots:
• This operation is performed in two steps.
• First end miller is used to make slot, and then T-slot cutter is used to
make T-slot

10. Milling Operations

11. Milling Operations
9. Milling Key Ways, T- Slots:
• Recesses in shafts of various shapes and sizes are produced by using
either plain milling cutter, side milling cutter or a end milling cutter.
10. Gear milling Operation:
• First gear blank is held in between universal dividing head and tail
stock of a machine table.
• Form relived cutter, having the same profile as that of desired teeth,
is used to produce the desired tooth profile of the gear.

12. Milling Operations

13. Gear Milling

15. SHAPER MACHINE

16. Introduction
• A shaper is a machine with a reciprocating tool.
• Lathe type tool cuts work in the straight line.
• By successive movement of tool, flat surface is generated.
• The flat surface may be horizontal, vertical or inclined.
• With special tools and attachments, external and internal key ways,
spiral, grooves, dovetails and T-slots can be obtained.

17. Working Principle
• Single point cutting tool
Reciprocates.
• Cutting takes over the
stationary work in single
stroke.
• Vice and Tool holder can be
swiveled at desired angle to
produce grooves, slots and
Angular cuts.

18. S
h
a
p
e
r

19. Shaper Drive
• Driven Mechanically or
Hydraulically.
• Quick return mechanism is
employed for reducing Idle
time.
• Stroke length can be varied
by changing length of
crank.

20. Horizontal Shaper

21. Vertical Shaper

22. Principal Parts of Shaper
1. Base:
• Heavy and Robust Iron body for support of other parts that are
mounted over it.
2. Column (Body):
• Iron box mounted over base.
• Acts as housing for operating mechanism, electrical, cross rail
and ram.
• On top of it is having two Guide ways on which Ram
reciprocates
• Ram carries tool head and mechanism for adjusting stroke
length.

23. Principal Parts of Shaper
3. Cross Rail:
• It is a heavy cast iron construction, attached to the column at its
front on the vertical guide ways.
• It carries mechanisms for elevating the table and for cross travel
of table.
4. Table:
• Made of cast iron to hold the job.
• T slots are provided on top of table to secure tightly at a
position by vice.
• It slides along the cross rails to provide feed.
5. Tool Head:
• Attached to the front of the ram and is used to hold the tool
rigidly.
• It also provides vertical and angular movement to the tool for
cutting.

24. GRINDING MACHINE

25. Principle
• Grinding is the process of removing metal by the
application of abrasives which are bonded to form a
rotating wheel.
• It is used for good surface finishing.
Construction
• The grinding machine consists of a power driven
grinding wheel spinning at the required speed and
a bed with a fixture to guide and hold the workpiece.
• Coolant is placed to cool the work piece so that
it does not overheat and go outside its tolerance.

26. Types of grinders
Belt grinder:
• It is suitable for all kind of applications like
finishing, deburring and stock removal.
Bench grinder:
• Two wheels of different grain sizes for roughing
and finishing operations and is secured to a
workbench.

27. Cylindrical grinder Surface grinder
Uses of grinding machine
• It is used for flat ,conical and cylindrical surfaces.
• finishing internal cylinders or bores.
• forming and sharpening cutting tools
• snagging or removing rough projections from
castings and stampings