After this presentation you will be knowing:
1.What are DCVs, its type and their uses
2.About Check Valves and pilot controlled check valves
3.What are solenoid actuated valves and their operation
4.What are proportional solenoid valves and their operation
5.Servo Valve Operation
6.Servo Valve Connector
The pressure energy is fed to the actuator through a number of control block called valves.
• Various type of valve are used in hydraulic system to control or regulate the flow medium.
• Basicallyvalvesareexpectedtocontrol: – Direction
– Pressure
– Flow
– Otherspecialfunctions.
Introduction to Pneumatic Systems:
Basic Requirements for Pneumatic System,Applications, Pneumatic fundamentals, Construction, working principle and operation of pneumatic power transmission system components like Power source, FRL unit, Actuators and control valves like DCV, FCV, PCV, time delay, quick exhaust, twin pressure, shuttle
The pressure energy is fed to the actuator through a number of control block called valves.
• Various type of valve are used in hydraulic system to control or regulate the flow medium.
• Basicallyvalvesareexpectedtocontrol: – Direction
– Pressure
– Flow
– Otherspecialfunctions.
Introduction to Pneumatic Systems:
Basic Requirements for Pneumatic System,Applications, Pneumatic fundamentals, Construction, working principle and operation of pneumatic power transmission system components like Power source, FRL unit, Actuators and control valves like DCV, FCV, PCV, time delay, quick exhaust, twin pressure, shuttle
Control of a single-acting and double-acting cylinder, regeneration, motor braking, speed control, synchronisation, fail safe, two handed, application of counterbalance, sequence, unloading, pressure reducing, pilot operated check valve
Hydraulic Valves and Hydraulic System AccessoriesRAHUL THAKER
Hydraulic Valves and Hydraulic System Accessories:
Direction control valves,Pressure control valves, Flow control valves, Non-return valves, Reservoirs,Accumulators, Heating & cooling devices, Hoses. Selection of valves for circuits.
Hydraulics today has become a way of life as most applications have some form of system ingrained. This paper is an endevor to present the very basics of hydraulics and overcome its basic fear.
In hydraulic and pneumatic systems flow control valves are necessary to vary the speed of actuator. Flow control valves are placed in between Actuator and Direction Control (DC) Valve
The hydraulic power unit (power supply unit) provides the energy required for the hydraulic installation. Its most important components are
The reservoir (tank) , Drive (electric motor), Hydraulic pump, Pressure relief valve , Filter and cooler.
Hydraulic Systems are very delicate systems, if contamination enters the systems failure will occur in the form of partial functional failure or total functional failure.
Training, education, and standardization is the only path to success. It is all about the "Failure Modes" and their causes.
This short assortment of slides provides recommended actions to solve these problems at the end.
Good Luck and God Speed.
Control of a single-acting and double-acting cylinder, regeneration, motor braking, speed control, synchronisation, fail safe, two handed, application of counterbalance, sequence, unloading, pressure reducing, pilot operated check valve
Hydraulic Valves and Hydraulic System AccessoriesRAHUL THAKER
Hydraulic Valves and Hydraulic System Accessories:
Direction control valves,Pressure control valves, Flow control valves, Non-return valves, Reservoirs,Accumulators, Heating & cooling devices, Hoses. Selection of valves for circuits.
Hydraulics today has become a way of life as most applications have some form of system ingrained. This paper is an endevor to present the very basics of hydraulics and overcome its basic fear.
In hydraulic and pneumatic systems flow control valves are necessary to vary the speed of actuator. Flow control valves are placed in between Actuator and Direction Control (DC) Valve
The hydraulic power unit (power supply unit) provides the energy required for the hydraulic installation. Its most important components are
The reservoir (tank) , Drive (electric motor), Hydraulic pump, Pressure relief valve , Filter and cooler.
Hydraulic Systems are very delicate systems, if contamination enters the systems failure will occur in the form of partial functional failure or total functional failure.
Training, education, and standardization is the only path to success. It is all about the "Failure Modes" and their causes.
This short assortment of slides provides recommended actions to solve these problems at the end.
Good Luck and God Speed.
In this session you will learn:
Instruments
Transmitters
Control valves
Valve actuators
Valve positioner
For more information, visit: https://www.mindsmapped.com/courses/industrial-automation/complete-training-on-industrial-automation-for-beginners/
Measurement of Motion, Force
and Torque - Displacement and speed measurement for translational and rotation systems using
potentiometers, LVDT and RVDT, Encoders, accelerometers and gyroscopes. Force and Torque
measurements using strain gauges and piezoelectric pickups.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
3. After this presentation you will be knowing :
•
What are DCVs, its type and their uses
•
About Check Valves and pilot controlled check
valves
•
What are solenoid actuated valves and their
operation
•
What are proportional solenoid valves and their
operation
•
Servo Valve Operation
•
Servo Valve Connector
4. DIRECTIONAL CONTROL VALVE
•
The primary function of a DC valve is to direct
or prevent fluid flow to specific piping or system
actuator.
•
These valves usually consists of spool inside it
which is electrically/hydraulically controlled.
•
There are two fundamental positions of these
valves :
1. Working Position
2. Normal Position
5. •
According to no. of valve ports and spool position
DC valve can be categorized into following :
1.
2.
3.
4.
2-way,
3-way,
4-way,
4-way,
2-position
2-position
2-position
3-position and many more…
6. Common Abbreviation used in Hydraulics
P = Pressure line
T = Tank Line
A,B = System Actuator line
X = Pilot Line
Y = Drain Line
12. •
Electrically actuated DC Valves are actuated
by means of solenoid. They can be single/double
solenoid actuated. When these solenoids are
energized the DC valves are shifted to Working
position.
•
Along with solenoid, there are spring
actuators which are used to shift the spool of a DC
valve to normal position when the solenoid is deenergized.
16. Common Hydraulic Symbols
1. Continuous line – Flow line
2. Dashed line – Pilot , drain
3. Spring
4.
Flow Restriction
5.
Single Acting Cylinder
6.
Double Acting Cylinder
7.
2-way, 2-position DC valve (NC)
8.
2-way, 2-position DC valve (NO)
9.
3-way, 2-Position DC valve (NO)
10. 3-way, 2-Position DC valve (NC)
17. 11. 4-Way, 2-position DC valve
12. 4-way, 3-position DC valve
13. Solenoid actuated
14. Hydraulic Actuated
15. Check Valve
16. Pilot operated Check Valve
17. Pressure Relief valve
18. SOLENOID ACTUATED DC
VALVES
It is an electro-mechanical device that take
electrical energy and produces a linear force by the use
of magnetism. It is basically a winding of wire around a
metal core.
19. When the solenoid is energized, the air gap is
closed quickly and a force is developed in the direction
of the valve spool.
20. SOLENOID CONTROLLED, PILOT-OPERATED
DCV
Although a valve could be shifted directly by the
force of a solenoid, large flow DCVs are most often
shifted using fluid at system pressure. Larger flow
valves demand larger shifting forces and it is no longer
practical to use a solenoid there.
21. CHECK VALVE
•
A check valve, non-return valve or one-way
valve is a valve that normally allows fluid to flow
through it in only one direction.
•
Check valves are two-port valves, meaning they
have two openings in the body, one for fluid to enter
and the other for fluid to leave.
•
An important concept in check valves is the
cracking pressure which is the minimum upstream
pressure at which the valve will operate.
22.
23. PILOT OPERATED CHECK VALVE
•
This type of check valves are remotely operated
through any one of the directional valves.
•
This is controlled by a pilot pressure line
which is indeed controlled by a directional control
valve.
24. X : Pilot line
A : I/P line to the check valve
B : O/P line from the check valve
•
The main application of check valves is to hold
the pressure of a load and for safety purposes.
25. PROPORTIONAL VALVE
•
The proportional DCV is actuated by means of
an electrical control signal. The control signal
influences the flow rate and flow direction.
•
It is exactly the same as the solenoid valve
except that solenoid valve acts as ON/OFF switch
whereas this proportional solenoid valve can achieve
each and every point in between thus varying the flow
rate.
•
Different flow rate is achieved by varying the i/p
current signal.
32. • The difference between a solenoid and a proportional
solenoid valve is in the construction of their spool.
33.
How Signal Flows in It ?
i. Electrical Voltage ( -10V to +10V ) acts upon
an amplifier.
ii. The amplifier converts voltage into current
signal.
iii. The current acts upon the proportional
solenoid, which actuates the valve.
34.
35.
So, In general a proportional valve is a
combination of both flow control valve and
directional control valve.
36. SERVO VALVE OPERATION
•
A hydraulic servo valve is a servo (spool) with a
flapper nozzle system used to position the servo. The
term electro-hydraulic servo valve is often used because
servo valves are controlled through an electrical signal.
•
The primary components in a servo valve are a
torque motor, flapper nozzle , and spool.
37.
38.
39. •
The Servo valve has a hydraulic pressure inlet and an
electrical input for the torque motor. The input current controls
the flapper position. The flapper position controls the pressure in
rod side or piston side of the cylinder. So, a current (+ or -) will
position the flapper, leading to a delta pressure on the servo,
which cause the servo to move in one direction or the other.
Movement of the servo ports hydraulic pressure to one side of the
actuator or the other, while porting the opposite side of the
actuator to return.
•
Flapper position is controlled by the electromagnetic torque
motor. A torque motor consists of two permanent magnets with a
coil winding attached to a magnetically permeable armature. The
armature is part of the flapper piece. When a current is applied to
the coils, magnetic flux acting on the ends of the armature is
developed. The direction of the magnetic flux (force) depends on
the sign (direction) of the current.
40. •
The magnetic flux will cause the armature tips to be
attracted to the ends of the permanent magnets (current direction
determines which magnetic pole is attracting and which one is
repelling). This magnetic force creates an applied torque on the
flapper assembly, which is proportional to applied current.
•
As the applied current is increased, the armature and
flapper will rotate. As the flapper moves closer to one nozzle, the
flow area through this nozzle is decreased while the flow area
through the other nozzle increases.
•
In the above the figure the flapper nozzle consists of the
flapper, two inlet orifices (O1 and O2), two outlet nozzles (n1 and n2),
nozzle backpressure nozzle (n3) and usually a feedback spring. As
described above, the torque motor positions the flapper, which in
turns controls the flow through the nozzles. When the flapper is in
the neutral position, the nozzle flow areas are equal and the
pressures Pn1 and Pn2 are equal. When the flow areas and inlet
nozzle pressures are equal, the flow forces through each nozzle keep
the flapper centered in the neutral position.
41. •
As the flapper moves towards one of the nozzles, the outlet
flow area is reduced for this nozzle. Outlet flow area increases for
the other nozzle. For example, looking at Figure let the flapper
move towards the n1 nozzle. This will reduce the outlet flow area
and the pressure Pn1 will increase. At the same time, the outlet
flow area at the n2 nozzle will increase and the pressure P n2 will
decrease. A delta pressure ΔP = Pn1 – Pn2 will occur across the pilot
spool piston and the pilot spool will displace to the right. High
pressure fluid will then flow to the P A actuator chamber while the
PB actuator chamber is ported to return.
42. •
Servo valves are normally used when accurate position
and force control is required.
•
The main advantage of a servo valve is that a low power
electrical signal can be used to accurately position an actuator
or motor.
•
The disadvantage is complexity and cost which results
from a component consisting of many detail parts manufactured
to very tight tolerances. Therefore, servo valves should only be
used when accurate position (or rate) control is required.
46. In No Load Condition
When the wiper is at ‘X’ end :
Current across DE will be, 24/970 = 24 mA (Apprx. )
When the wiper is at ‘Y’ end :
Current across DE will be 0 mA.