it is a WORD FILE for METHOD STUDY.
college btech students specially MECHANICAL ENGNN. and PROFESSORS can access this file.
it is HELPFUL for an idea about the topic, for EDUCATION purpose and for PRESENTATION PAPER WORK IN SEMINARS etc.
it is a WORD FILE for METHOD STUDY.
college btech students specially MECHANICAL ENGNN. and PROFESSORS can access this file.
it is HELPFUL for an idea about the topic, for EDUCATION purpose and for PRESENTATION PAPER WORK IN SEMINARS etc.
method study is the branch of an industrial Engg. specially the sub branch of mechanical engg.
those who r the college students of engg. specially mechamnical 8mechanical can download this .it is very helpful for presentation purpose
work measurement, the uses of work measurement, the techniques of work measurement, time study, time study form, methods of timing, work sampling, allowances, predetermined motion time and systems (P.M.T.S.),
Performance Rating of workers on Assembly Line or Employees in Industry, Systems of Rating: Pace Rating, Westinghouse Rating, Objective Rating, Synthetic Rating
Production planning, routing, scheduling, Activating, MonitoringDarshan Shah
First Plan Your Work and then Work on Your Plan.
1. Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who is to do it.
Planning bridges the gap from where we are, to where we want to go. It makes it possible for things to occur which would not otherwise happen.
2. Routing may be defined as the selection of path which each part of the product will follow, which being transformed from raw material to finished products.
Routing determines the most advantageous path to be followed from department to department and machine to machine till raw material gets its final shape.
3. Scheduling determines the program for the operations. Scheduling may be defined as ‘the fixation of time and date for each operation’ as well as it determines the sequence of operations to be followed.
4. Activating is concerned with the starting the processes. Activating is ‘release of orders and instruction for the starting of production for any item in acceptance with the route sheet and schedule charts’.
5. Monitoring is related to report daily the progress of work in each shop in a prescribed proforma and to investigate the causes of deviations from the planned performance.
method study is the branch of an industrial Engg. specially the sub branch of mechanical engg.
those who r the college students of engg. specially mechamnical 8mechanical can download this .it is very helpful for presentation purpose
work measurement, the uses of work measurement, the techniques of work measurement, time study, time study form, methods of timing, work sampling, allowances, predetermined motion time and systems (P.M.T.S.),
Performance Rating of workers on Assembly Line or Employees in Industry, Systems of Rating: Pace Rating, Westinghouse Rating, Objective Rating, Synthetic Rating
Production planning, routing, scheduling, Activating, MonitoringDarshan Shah
First Plan Your Work and then Work on Your Plan.
1. Planning is deciding in advance what to do, how to do it, when to do it and who is to do it.
Planning bridges the gap from where we are, to where we want to go. It makes it possible for things to occur which would not otherwise happen.
2. Routing may be defined as the selection of path which each part of the product will follow, which being transformed from raw material to finished products.
Routing determines the most advantageous path to be followed from department to department and machine to machine till raw material gets its final shape.
3. Scheduling determines the program for the operations. Scheduling may be defined as ‘the fixation of time and date for each operation’ as well as it determines the sequence of operations to be followed.
4. Activating is concerned with the starting the processes. Activating is ‘release of orders and instruction for the starting of production for any item in acceptance with the route sheet and schedule charts’.
5. Monitoring is related to report daily the progress of work in each shop in a prescribed proforma and to investigate the causes of deviations from the planned performance.
This slides show gives anyone to understand about what is work study,the purpose of it and what is the major outcomes any one can achieve from this study.In work study,method study is very much important to relish the work study so how it can execute also brief in this presentation.After that the most important thing is productivity calculation.I brief how to make this also through in this presentation.
This article provides basics of the statistical techniques of Sampling and Sampling Distribution. Useful for students and scholars involved the research work in the field of humanities.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 preview
Work sampling
1.
2. What is work sampling?
It is a sampling technique and also called activity
sampling / random observation method/ snap reading
method
Work sampling determines the percentage of
occurrence of certain activity by statistical sampling
and random observation.
3. Need of this technique
For efficient controlling / organization it is necessary
to have complete picture of production / non
production time of machine and workers in work area.
This can be done by direct and continuous observation
of shop floor.
How ever it is impossible to do so unless large no: of
people are employed would be unrealistic
4. NEED
Therefore alternative approach is to have a glance at
the state of given shop floor at a moment. Suppose we
get 80% working and 20% idle.
if this action is carried out in different time intervals
during a day, we may say with some confidence that at
any time there will be 80% machine working and 20%
remains idle.
5. Basis of work sampling
When sample size is large enough and observations
are made random, there will be high probability that
these observations reflect real situation with certain
error.
Thus work sampling is based on probability which
means ‘ the extent to which an event is likely to occur’.
6. Work sampling
It is a technique of getting idea about utilization of
machines or human beings through a large no: of
instantaneous observations taken at random intervals.
The ratio of observations of a given activity to the total
no: of observations approximates the percentage of
time that activity is in that state of action or inaction.
7. Example : tossing of coin
Take 5 coin
Toss each of the coin in set
Count no: of times a given combination of head and tail is
obtained.
Combination – 0 no: of head and 5 no: of tails
Combination – 1 no: of head and 4 no: of tails
Combination – 2 no: of heads and 3 no: of tails
Combination – 3 no: of heads and 2 no: of tails
Combination – 4 no: of heads and 1 no: of tail
Combination – 5 no: of heads and 0 no: of tails
Repeat tossing for 100 times of a set of 5 coins.
9. Effect of sample size
If we considerably increase the no: of tosses and in
each case toss a large no: of coins at a time, we can
obtain a smoother curve.
This curve is called the curve of normal distribution.
Basically this curve tells us that in the majority of
cases, the tendency is for the no: of heads to equal the
no: of tails in any one series of tosses.
10. Typical case: basis of work
sampling
For eg: if 500 instantaneous observations taken at
random intervals over a few weeks show that a lathe
operator was doing productive work in 365
observations and in the remaining 135 observations he
was found idle for miscellaneous reasons.
Then it can be reliably taken that the operator remains
idle (135/500) * 100= 27% of the time.
11. Number of samples and accuracy
The accuracy of the results depends on the no: of
observations.
However in most applications there is usually a limit
beyond which greater accuracy of data is not
economically worthwhile.
Work sampling can be very useful for establishing time
standards on both direct and indirect labor jobs.
12. Sampling for standard time
Step 1: define the problem
-describe the job for which the standard time is to be
determined.
-unambiguously state and discriminate activities of
operator on the job and that would entitle him to be in
‘working state’.
- This would imply that when operator is found engaged
in any activity other than those required would entitle
to be in ‘ not working state’.
13. Sampling for standard time
Step 2 : design the sampling plan
-estimate satisfactory no: of observations to be made.
- Decide on the period of study, eg: two days , one week
etc.
- Prepare detailed plan for taking the observations.
- Plan will include observation schedule, exact method
of observations, design of observation sheet, route to
be followed, particular person to be observed at the
observation time, etc
14. Sampling for standard time
Step 3: contact the persons concerned and take them
in confidence regarding conduct of the study.
Step 4 : make the observations at the predetermined
random times about the working / non working of the
operator.
- When operator is in working state, determine his
performance rating.
- Record these observations on the observation sheet.
15. No: of observations in w/s
Large no: of observations result in more accurate
finding but the same is time consuming and costly.
A cost benefit trade off has to be struck.
In practice the following methods are used for the
estimation of the no: of observations to be made.
Based on his judgment, the study person can decide
the necessary no: of observations.
The correctness of the number may be in doubt, but
estimate is often quick and adequate.
16. No: of observations in w/s
Using cumulative plot of results
Since the accuracy of the results improve with
increasing number of observations, the study can be
continued until the cumulative Pi appears to stabilize
and collection of further data seems to have negligible
effect in the value of Pi.
17. Statistical method
When P is unknown, the average value of P is obtained
using previous sample or preliminary data collection.
18. Design of the observation sheet
A sample observation sheet for recording the data with
respect to whether at the pre decided time, the
specified worker on the job is in ‘working state or non
working state’.
It contains the relevant information about the job,
operators of the job etc.
At the end of each day, calculation can be done to
estimate the percentage of time workers on the job
spend on activities, which are considered as part of the
job.
19. Conducting work sampling study
At the pre decided times of study, the work person
goes to the work site and observes the specific worker
(already randomly decided) to find out what is he
doing.
If he is doing the activity, which is the part of a job, he
is ticked under the column ‘working’ and his
performance rating is estimated and recorded.
20. Application of work sampling
To compare the efficiency of two departments.
Provide more equitable group distribution among the
group workers.
Management gets approximate data among the
percentage idle time and the reasons behind it.
It may indicate that where material study is to be
applied, material handling to be improved and better
product planning is required.
21. advantages
Many operators or activities which are difficult or
uneconomical to measure by time study can readily be
measured by work sampling.
Two or more studies can be simultaneously made of several
operators or machines by a single study person. Because
ordinarily a work study engineer can study only one
operator at a time when continuous time study is to be
made.
It usually takes fewer man hours
The cost may also be about a third of cost of continuous
time study.
It can be interrupted at any time without affecting the
results.
22. advantages
Operators are not closely watched for long period of
time. This decreases the chance of getting erroneous
results when a worker is observed continuously for a
long period.
Observations may be taken over a period of days or
weeks. This decreases the chance of day to day or week
to week variations that may affect the results.