The document discusses various performance rating systems used in evaluating worker efficiency, including pace rating, Westinghouse system, and synthetic rating. It explains the methodology for calculating normal times based on observed performance and specific factors such as skill, effort, and conditions. Examples illustrate how to derive normal time and rating factors through different rating systems and their applications in work measurement.

1. by Shivam Kumar
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2. • Identifies need of education and training.
• Maintains fairness in salary, promotions
and other benefits to workers.
• Helps in assigning workers the job they
can excel in.
• Provides a feedback to the worker and
helps them to work more effectively.

3. Performance rating is a step in the work
measurement in which the analyst observes the
worker's performance and records a value
representing that performance relative to the
analyst's concept of standard performance.

4. • Pace Rating
• Westinghouse System of Rating
• Objective Rating
• Synthetic Rating

5. 1. Pace Rating
Speed of the movements is the only rating
factor.
NORMAL TIME=observed time x
Worker’s speed
Speed expected
from the worker

7. 2. Westinghouse System of Rating
This method considers four factors:
• Skill
• Effort
• Conditions
• Consistency

8. FACTOR RATINGS
Excellent skill(B1) 0.11
Good condition(C) 0.02
Good effort(C2) 0.02
Fair consistency(E) -0.02
Algebraic sum 0.13
Example

9. Ques. Let the time observed for an operation be 0.6
minutes and a worker while being observed, is
estimated as give in the table. What is the normal
time?
Ans. The algebraic sum indicates that worker is 13%
above average or his pace is 113%.
So, Rating factor = 1.13
NORMAL TIME = 0.6*1.13 = 0.678 min

10. In this system, speed of movements and job
difficulty are rated separately and the two
estimates are combined into a single value.
The rating factor R can be expressed as
R = P x D
where P = Pace rating factor
D = Job difficulty adjustment factor

12. Synthetic Rating
Following are the steps:
1. Time study is made as usual.
2. Some manually controlled elements of the
work cycle are selected and using a PMT
system (Pre-determined motion time system),
the times for these selected elements are
determined.
3. Now determined time is compared with actual
observed time to find performance factor by
following formula.

13. Performance or Rating Factor, R = P / A
where P = Predetermined motion time of the element
A = Average actual observed time of the element.

14. Example : A work cycle has been divided into 8 elements
and time study has been conducted. The average observed
times for the elements are given in the following Table.
Using synthetic method find normal time.

15. Solution:
Total observed time of work cycle = 2.32 min
Suppose we select three elements 2, 5 and 8(manually controlled).
Rating factor for element 2 = 0.145 / 0.16 = 90.62 %.
Rating factor for element 5 = 0.255 / 0.26 = 98.08 %.
Rating factor for element 8 = 0.145 / 0.15 = 96.66 %.
The mean of the rating factors = 90.62+98.08+96.66
=95.12%
3

16. 95 % is the rating factor that will be used for all the
manual elements of the work cycle.

17. Normal Cycle Time
= 0.95(0.14+0.16+0.52+0.26+0.45+0.34+0.15) +1.00(0.30)
=1.92+0.30
=2.22 minutes