This document discusses different types of word meaning: 1) Conceptual meaning refers to the basic or core meaning of a word. 2) Associative meaning involves associations with other words or contexts of use. 3) Social meaning conveys information about social contexts or circumstances of use through differences in formality or dialect. Examples are given of words with different social meanings based on context or region. The document also discusses related linguistic concepts like synonymy, antonymy, polysemy, hyponymy, and idioms.

1. WORD MEANING
By : St.Choirunnisak Ashari
Ayyi Bahril Wahda

2. Types of Word Meaning
Word Meaning
Conceptual
Meaning
Associative
Meaning

3. Social meaning
Social meaning
is the meaning which an expression
conveys about the contexts or
social circumstances of its use. It
chiefly includes stylistic meaning
of an utterance. It is the formality
of the expression.

4. Samples :
mother (formal), mom (colloquial),
mama (child’s language)
dollar (neutral) buck (slang)
father, papa, old boy

7. lift elevator
tube subway
petrol gasoline
call box telephone booth
charm glamour (ScotE
Dialects and regional English

8. Semantically synonymous field
synonymic dominant synonymic group
Leave depart, quit, retire, withdraw,
exit…
Look stare, gaze, eye, peep,
glance…
Picture painting, photo, drawing…
General specific
Say/speak: murmur, scream, retort, argue, protest, claim, state,
declare

9. words that are opposites in
meaning,
e.g. hot & cold.
happy/sad
married/single
present/absent
fast/slow

10. Polysemy: A word which has multiple meanings related by
extension,(bergabung dengan kata lainnya)
e.g. bright: ‘shining’ ; ‘intelligent’
‘Head’ of the body and the person at the top of a
company.
‘Foot’ of a body and of a mountain and of the bed or
chair.
‘Run’ a person runs, the water runs

11. A word which has two or more
entirely distinct (unrelated)
meanings,
e.g. bank: ‘financial institution’
bank; ‘of a river’.
Bat: ‘flying creature’ or ‘
Bat : used in sports’
Race: ‘contest of speed’
Race :‘ethnic group’

12. • Hyponymy: Words whose meanings are
specific instances of a more general word,
i.e. one thing is included (kind of) in
another thing.
• e.g. cats and dogs are hyponyms of the word
animal.
• In this case cats and dogs are co-
hyponyms share the same ‘superordinate’
• Other e.g. daffodil & flower / carrot &
vegetable / ant & insect

14. IDIOM
• Idioms: Phrases with fixed meanings not composed
of literal meanings of the words
Kick the bucket = ‘to die’
(*The bucket was kicked by John.)
When pigs fly = ‘it will never occur’
(*She suspected pigs might actually fly tomorrow.)
Bite off more than you can chew = ‘to take on too much’
(*He chewed just as much as he bit off.)