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SYNONYMS, ANTONYMS, POLYSEMY, 
HOMONYM, AND HOMOGRAPH 
1. Synonyms 
1.1. Definition of Synonyms 
Synonyms are words with the same or similar meanings. Words that are 
synonyms are said to be synonymous, and the state of being a synonym is 
called synonymy. The word comes from Ancient Greek syn (σύν) ("with") and 
onoma ( νομα) ("name"). In the figurative sense, two ὄ words are often said to 
be synonymous if they have the same connotation. Synonyms can be any part 
of speech (such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs or prepositions), as long 
as both words are the same part of speech. 
1.2. Examples of Synonyms 
1. About/Approximately 
2. Above/Over 
3. Abstract/Summary 
4. Alike/Same 
5. All/Every 
6. Almost/Nearly 
7. Animated/Lively 
8. Anyway/Besides Angry/Mad 
9. Apparent/Obvious 
10. Applicable/Relevant 
11. Appreciable/Considerable 
12. Ardour/Passion 
13. Arise/Occur 
14. Aromatic/Fragrant 
15. Association/Organization 
16. Attractive/Appealing 
17. Away/Absent 
18. Awful/Terrible 
19. Begin/Start 
20. Bucket/Pail 
21. Bunny/Rabbit 
22. Carefree - Lighthearted 
23. Center/Middle 
24. Chair/Seat 
25. Chef/Cook 
26. Children/Kids 
27. Choose/Pick 
28. Clever/Smart 
29. Cold/Icy 
30. Come/Arrive 
31. Cool/Chilly 
32. Couch/Sofa 
33. Crash/Accident 
34. Crate/Box 
35. Cruel - Mean 
36. Cut/Clip 
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37. Cry/Sob 
38. Damp/Wet 
39. Decorate - Adorn, Embellish 
40. Dresser - Bureau 
41. Droop - Sag, Hang Down 
42. Enemy/Foe 
43. Enjoy/Like 
44. Error/Mistake 
45. Evil/Bad 
46. Exact - Precise 
47. Exit/Leave 
48. Face - Confront 
49. Face - Visage 
50. Factual - True 
51. Fad - Craze, Trend 
52. Faint - Indistinct Vague 
53. Faint - Pass Out 
54. False/Untrue 
55. Fast/Quick 
56. Father/Dad 
57. Fight/Battle 
58. Filthy/Dirty 
59. Fire/Flame 
60. Flourish - Thrive 
61. Flower/Blossom 
62. Friend/Pal 
63. Funny/Silly 
64. Garbage/Trash 
65. Get/Receive 
66. Grand, Magnificent 
67. Happy/Glad 
68. Hard/Difficult 
69. Harm/Hurt 
70. Hat/Cap 
71. Hope/Wish 
72. House/Home 
73. Hurry/Rush 
74. Ill/Sick 
75. Infant/Baby 
76. Jog/Run 
77. Kind/Nice 
78. Large/Big 
79. Late/Tardy 
80. Laugh/Giggle 
81. Lead/Guide 
82. Leap/Jump 
83. License - Permit 
84. Lid/Cover 
85. Lifeless - Dead 
86. Lifelike - Realistic 
87. Likely - Probable 
88. Limit - Restrict 
89. Limp - Flaccid 
90. Linger - Stay, Wait 
91. Lingo - Jargon 
92. Listen/Hear 
93. Locate, Find 
94. Loud/Noisy 
95. Love/Adore 
96. Mother/Mom 
97. Near/Close 
98. Ocean - Sea 
99. Often, Frequently 
100. Own/Possess 
101. Paste/Glue 
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102. Permit/Allow 
103. Plate/Dish 
104. Poor/Needy 
105. Present/Gift 
106. Pull/Tug 
107. Quiet/Silent 
108. Quiver - Shake 
109. Raise/Lift 
110. Reply/Answer 
111. Rest/Relax 
112. Rich/Wealthy 
113. Risque - Tasteless 
114. Robber/Thief 
115. Rubbish, Garbage, Trash 
116. Rug/Carpet 
117. Sack/Bag 
118. Sad/Unhappy 
119. Save/Keep 
120. See/Look 
121. Selfish/Greedy 
122. Shack/Hut 
123. Ship/Boat 
124. Shop/Store 
125. Shout/Yell 
126. Shove/Push 
127. Shut/Close 
128. Sleep/Snooze 
129. Small/Tiny 
130. Smell/Odor 
131. Smile/Grin 
132. Sniff/Smell 
133. Song/Tune 
134. Speak/Talk 
135. Stone/Rock 
136. Stop/Cease 
137. Strange/Odd 
138. Street/Road 
139. Tailored/Tailor-Made 
140. Taxi/Cab 
141. Teach/Tutor 
142. Temper/Mood 
143. Terror/Terrorism 
144. Testament/Testomony 
145. Throw/Toss 
146. Tired/Sleepy 
147. To transform/To convert 
148. Today/Nowadays 
149. Torpid/Lethargic 
150. Touchdown/Landing 
151. Touchy/Sensitive 
152. Transitority/Temporary 
153. Transparent/Obvious 
154. Trustworthy/Reliable 
155. Ultimate/Final 
156. Uncared/For Neglected 
157. Uncommon/Unusual 
158. Uncooked/Raw 
159. Undeniable/Indisputable 
160. Unforeseen/Unexpected 
161. Unfortunate/Unlucky 
162. Unhurt/Unharmed 
163. Uninjured/Unhurt 
164. Unlawful/Illegal 
165. Unmarried/Single 
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2. Antonyms 
2.1. Definition of Antonyms 
An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning as another word. It 
refers to a word that is completely different from another.They also are 
called opposites. 
2.2. Examples of Antonyms 
1. Absent - Present 
2. Abundant - Scarce 
3. Accept - Decline, Refuse 
4. Accurate - Inaccurate 
5. Admit - Deny 
6. Advantage - Disadvantage 
7. Against - For 
8. Agree - Disagree 
9. Alive - Dead 
10. All - None, Nothing 
11. Ally - Enemy 
12. Always - Never 
13. Ancient - Modern 
14. Answer - Question 
15. Antonym - Synonym 
16. Apart - Together 
17. Appear-Disappear, Vanish 
18. Approve - Disapprove 
19. Arrive – Depart 
20. Artificial - Natural 
21. Ascend - Descend 
22. Attic - Cellar 
23. Attractive - Repulsive 
24. Awake - Asleep 
25. Backward - Forward 
26. Bad - Good 
27. Beautiful - Ugly 
28. Before - After 
29. Begin - End 
30. Below - Above 
31. Bent - Straight 
32. Best - Worst 
33. Better - Worse, Worst 
34. Big - Little, Small 
35. Bitter - Sweet 
36. Black - White 
37. Blame - Praise 
38. Bless - Curse 
39. Bold - Meek, Timid 
40. Borrow - Lend 
41. Borrow - Lend 
42. Bottom - Top 
43. Bound - Unbound, Free 
44. Boundless - Limited 
45. Boy - Girl 
46. Brave - Cowardly 
47. Bright - Dim, Dull 
48. Brighten - Fade 
49. Broad - Narrow 
50. Build - Destroy 
51. Calm - Windy, Troubled 
52. Can - Cannot, Can't 
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53. Capable - Incapable 
54. Captive - Free 
55. Careful - Careless 
56. Cheap - Expensive 
57. Cheerful - Sad, Discouraged, 
Dreary 
58. Clear - Cloudy, Opaque 
59. Clever - Stupid 
60. Clockwise - 
Counterclockwise 
61. Close - Far, Distant 
62. Closed - Ajar, Open 
63. Clumsy - Graceful 
64. Cold - Hot 
65. Combine - Separate 
66. Come - Go 
67. Comfort - Discomfort 
68. Common - Rare 
69. Compulsory- Voluntary 
70. Contract - Expand 
71. Cool - Warm 
72. Correct - Incorrect, Wrong 
73. Courteous-Discourteous, 
Rude 
74. Create - Destroy 
75. Crooked - Straight 
76. Cruel - Kind 
77. Dangerous - Safe 
78. Dark - Light 
79. Day - Night 
80. Decrease - Increase 
81. Deep - Shallow 
82. Definite - Indefinite 
83. Demand - Supply 
84. Despair - Hope 
85. Discourage - Encourage 
86. Down - Up 
87. Downwards - Upwards 
88. Dreary - Cheerful 
89. Dry - Moist, Wet 
90. Early - Late 
91. East - West 
92. Easy - Hard, Difficult 
93. Empty - Full 
94. Encourage - Discourage 
95. Enter - Exit 
96. Even - Odd 
97. Export - Import 
98. Exterior - Interior 
99. External - Internal 
100. Fail - Succeed 
101. False - True 
102. Far - Near 
103. Fast - Slow 
104. Fat - Thin 
105. Feeble - Strong, Powerful 
106. Few - Many 
107. Find - Lose 
108. First - Last 
109. Float - Sink 
110. Fold - Unfold 
111. Foolish - Wise 
112. Forget - Remember 
113. Fortunate - Unfortunate 
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114. Found - Lost 
115. Frequent - Seldom 
116. Fresh - Stale 
117. Generous - Stingy 
118. Gentle - Rough 
119. Give - Receive, Take 
120. Glad - Sad, Sorry 
121. Go - Stop 
122. Great-Tiny, 
123. Grow - Shrink 
124. Happy - Sad 
125. Harmful - Harmless 
126. Harsh - Mild 
127. Hate - Love 
128. Heaven - Hell 
129. Heavy - Light 
130. Help - Hinder 
131. Here - There 
132. Hero - Coward 
133. High - Low 
134. Hill - Valley 
135. Hinder - Help 
136. Honest - Dishonest 
137. Horizontal - Vertical 
138. Humble - Proud 
139. Immense - Tiny, Small 
140. Important - Trivial 
141. In - Out 
142. Include - Exclude 
143. Increase - Decrease 
144. Inferior - Superior 
145. Inhale - Exhale 
146. Inner - Outer 
147. Inside - Outside 
148. Internal - External 
149. Join - Separate 
150. Junior – Senior 
151. Known - Unknown 
152. Landlord - Tenant 
153. Large - Small 
154. Lawful - Unlawful, Illegal 
155. Left - Right 
156. Left – Right 
157. Lengthen - Shorten 
158. Lenient - Strict 
159. Less - More 
160. Like - Dislike, Hate 
161. Likely - Unlikely 
162. Long - Short 
163. Loose - Tight 
164. Loss - Win 
165. Major - Minor 
166. Mature - Immature 
167. Maximum - Minimum 
168. Merry - Sad 
169. Minor - Major 
170. Minority - Majority 
171. Miser - Spendthrift 
172. Misunderstand- Understand 
173. Nadir - Zenith 
174. Narrow - Wide 
175. Never - Always 
3. Polysemy 
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3.1. Definition of Polysemy 
Polysemy (pron.: /pə l s mi/ or / p l si mi/ from ˈ ɪ ɨ ˈ ɒ ɨ ː Greek:, poly-, "many" and 
sêma, "sign") is the capacity for a sign (e.g., a word, phrase, etc.) or signs 
to have multiple related meanings. A polyseme is a word or phrase with 
different, but related senses. 
3.2. Examples of Polisemy 
1. Accept - Take willingly, receive as suitable, agree, admit (responsibility), 
to believe that something is true etc etc. 
2. Aggregation – 1) Coming together, 2) Result of coming together; those 
who come together 
3. Bed – 1) Something sleepers lie upon, 2) What a stream lies on 
4. Bolt – means “to lock”, “not to move”, while at the same time it may be 
interpreted as “moving very quickly”. 
5. Book – 1) A bound collection of page, 2) A text reproduced and 
distributed (thus, someone who has read the same text on a computer has 
read the same book as someone who had the actual paper volume) 
6. Box - A type of tree, a container, a seating area, and to fight with fists. 
7. Butt – 1) Part of a cigarette, 2) your rear-end. 
8. Center – 1) of or belonging to neither the right nor the left politically or 
intellectually, 2) an area that is approximately central within some larger 
region (“it is in the center of town”) 
9. Count – To say the numbers in the right order, to calculate, include,, 
consider, (n) total, saying numbers,measurement etc. 
10. Court – 1) Seek favor, 2) Assembly of those seeking favor; the president 
of the court ("judge") 
11. Crane – 1) A bird, 2) A type of construction equipment, 3) To strain out 
one's neck. 
12. Delegation – 1) Granting authority to another. 2) Those to whom authority 
has been granted 
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13. Express – 1)verb: to put something into words, push out, squeeze out. 2) 
adjective: fast, such as an express train, express mail. 
14. Face – 1) The front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and 
ear to ear (he washed his face), 2) Deal with (something unpleasant) head 
on (He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes) 
15. Fair – 1) Adjective. Meaning lovely or beautiful. 2) Noun. Meaning a 
gathering of people to sell and barter goods, or to enjoy entertainment 
16. Fast – can be interpreted as “staying still” and “moving quickly”. 
17. Firm – 1) adjective: secure, solid. 2) noun: a business organisation, a 
company 
18. Fix. It has many meanings such as 1.attach, 2.Arrange 3.Get ready (food 
or drinks) 4.repair 5. punish, 6.set right (the hair). 
19. Fleet – 1) Group of vehicles, 2) Swift. 
20. Foot – 1) The part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint 2) pay 
for something pick (“foot the bill”) 
21. Funny - Amusing, Strange, suspicious / illegal, crazy, entertaining, witty, 
humorous, comic, hilarious. 
22. Head - 1) Part of the body above neck, 2) Person in charge of an 
organisation 
23. Hospital – 1) Activity or place for lodging guests, 2) Place for treating the 
ill 
24. Hunt – 1) Seeking something, especially game animals, to kill or capture, 
2) Those engaged in a search and taking 
25. Light – 1) A non-heavy object, 2) what the sun gives off. 
26. Lock – 1) A fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed, 
2)Become rigid or immoveable 
27. Love – Affection, romantic(fall in love with), Enjoyment, (love of 
learning), a score in games like tennis, Love-all). 
28. Magazine – 1) A periodic publication containing pictures and stories and 
articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to, 2) it product 
consisting of a paperback periodic publication as a physical object 
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29. Man – 1) Humankind (both male and female, old and young), 
2)Specifically a male human being, 3) Even more specifically an adult 
male human being. 
30. Militia – 1) Military or defense activity, 2) Those engaged in or subject to 
being required to engage in defense activity 
31. Milk - The verb milk (e.g. "he's milking it for all he can get") derives from 
the process of obtaining milk. 
32. Ministry – 1) Serving the needs of others , 2) Those engaged in serving the 
needs of others 
33. Mole – 1) A small burrowing mammal, 2) Consequently, there are several 
different entities called moles (see the Mole disambiguation page). 
Although these refer to different things, their names derive from 1. :e.g. A 
Mole burrows for information hoping to go undetected. 
34. Movement – 1) Motion, change in position, 2) Result of motion or change; 
those who move or change 
35. Note – 1) noun: something written down in just a few Also, 2) verb 
meaning to notice, e.g., to note something, to take note of someone's 
comment. 
36. Nurse – 1) Serving the needs of others, 2) Someone engaged in serving the 
needs of others 
37. Odd – 1) Not paired with another, or remaining over after a pairing; 
without a mate; unmatched; single; as, an odd shoe; an odd glove, 2) Not 
easily explained, it is odd that his name is never mentioned 
38. Organ – 1) noun: a musical instrument such as a pipe organ or an electric 
organ. 2) noun: a specific part of the body such as the heart or liver. 
39. Pack – A large indefinite number, a complete collection of similar things, 
a convenient package or parcel (as of cigarettes or film) 
40. Paint – 1) Noun: substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a 
surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to 
form a hard coating, 2) Verb: make a painting 
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41. Pale – 1) Pale (adj): Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; 
as, a pale face; a pale red; a pale blue, 2) Pale (noun): wooden strip 
forming part of a fence 
42. Paper – to a substance made out of wood pulp or to a daily publication 
printed on that substance. 
43. Play – Something done for pleasure, a drama, a game, etc. 
44. Police – 1) Make orderly (lawful), 2) Law enforcers 
45. Rent – 1) Payment at intervals for use of a property, 2) (as tenant) to 
occupy for rent; (as landlord) to grant occupation for rent 
46. Sanction – the verb means “to permit”, while the phrase “to put a 
sanction”- “not permit”. 
47. Service - 1) Doing for others, 2) Those who serve (especially 
military) 
48. Shine – 1)The quality or state of shining; brightness; luster, gloss; polish; 
sheen, 2) Be distinguished or eminent (His talent shines) 
49. Sound – means a noise, a body of water, a state of health etc. 
50. Spam – Stuff you get in your email, the left over ham. 
51. Stalk – 1) The stem of a plant, 2) Verb meaning to follow and harass either 
an animal or person. 
52. Stand – 1) the position where a thing or person, 2) stands a mental position 
from which things are viewed 
53. Table – A piece of furniture, dining table, facts / numbers, maths, 
(multiplication / addition tables, (V) to present. 
54. To get (verb) – It mean "procure" (I'll get the drinks), "become" (she got 
scared), "have" (I've got three dollars), "understand" (I get it) etc 
55. Truck – 1) A conveyance with wheels, 2) Conveying with cargo, those 
who transport cargo, traveling with vigor 
56. Viking – 1) Raiding, 2) Those who raid (especially of Scandinavian 
origin) 
57. Walk – Went walking, went for a walk, walk the dog, Hill Walk Drive 
58. Way – 1) How something is done or how it happens (a lonely way of life), 
2) a line leading to a place or point (didn't know the way home) 
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59. Wedding – 1) Joining a couple in matrimony, 2) Those engaged in joining 
a couple in matrimony; time or place of doing so 
60. Wood – 1) A piece of a tree, 2) A geographical area with many trees. 
4. Homonymy 
4.1. Defnition of Homonimy 
The word homonym comes from the Greek (homonumos), meaning 
"having the same name", which is the conjunction homos, "common, 
same" and onoma meaning "name". In linguistics, a homonym is, in the 
strict sense, one of a group of words that share the same spelling and the 
same pronunciation but have different meanings. 
4.2. Examples of Homonymy 
1. Ade – drink type, as in lemonade/ Aid – to help or assist/ Aide - assistant 
2. Affect – change/ Effect – result or consequence 
3. Air – atmosphere (the stuff we breathe)/ Aisle - walkway 
4. Allowed – permitted/ Aloud – out loud 
5. Ant – picnic pest/ Aunt – relative, as in your mom’s sister 
6. Arc – curve/ Ark – noah’s boat 
7. Ate – chewed up and swallowed/ Eight – number after seven 
8. Bare – uncovered/ Bear – grizzly animal 
9. Base – bottom part/ Bass – deep or low 
10. Be – to exist/ Bee – buzzing insect 
11. Beach – sandy shore/ Beech – type of tree 
12. Beat - to pound/ Beet – type of edible plant 
13. Berry – fruit from a bush/ Bury – to put underground 
14. Berth – tie up/ Birth – to be born 
15. Bite – nibble/ Byte – 8 bits (computer data) 
16. Blew – past of blow/ Blue – color of ocean 
17. Boar – pig/ Bore – not interesting 
18. Borough – area or district/ Burrow – dig through/ 
19. Bow – bend or curtsy/ Buoy – floater/ Boy – young man 
20. Brake – stop pedal/ Break – smash 
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21. Bread – bakery food/ Bred – form of breed 
22. Broach – mention/ Brooch - pin 
23. Brows – eyebrows/ Browse – look around 
24. Burro – small donkey/ Bough – branch 
25. Buy – purchase/ By – Beside/ Bye – Short For Goodbye 
26. Cell – compartment/ Sell - vend 
27. Cent – penny coin/ Sent – did send 
28. Cereal – breakfast food/ Serial - sequential 
29. Chile – country in south America/ Chili – bean stew/Chilly – frosty 
30. Chord – musical tone/ Cord - rope 
31. Cite – quote/ Site – location/ Sight - view 
32. Close – opposite of open/ Clothes - clothing 
33. Complement – enhance; go together/ Compliment - praise 
34. Council – committee/ Counsel - guidance 
35. Creak – squeak/ Creek – stream of water 
36. Crews – gangs/ Cruise – ride on a boat 
37. Dear – darling/ Deer – woodland animal 
38. Dew – morning mist/ Do – operate/ Due - payable 
39. Die – cease to exist/ Dye - color 
40. Doe – female dear/ Dough – uncooked bread 
41. Dual – double/ Duel - battle 
42. Ewe – female sheep/ You - second-person personal pronoun 
43. Eye – sight organ/ I - me 
44. Fair – equal/ Fare - price 
45. Fairy – elflike creature with wings/ Ferry - boat 
46. Faze – impact/ Phase - stage 
47. Feat – achievement /Feet – plural of foot 
48. Fir – type of tree/ Fur – animal hair 
49. Flea – small biting insect/ Flee – run/ Flew – did fly 
50. Flower – blooming plant/For – on behalf of 
51. Flu – illness/ Flour – powdery, ground up grain 
52. Fore – front/Four – one more than three 
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53. Forth – onward/Fourth – number four 
54. Gorilla – big ape/Guerrilla - warrior 
55. Grease – fat/ Greece – country in europe 
56. Groan – moan/ Grown – form of grow 
57. Hair – head covering/ Hare – rabbit-like animal 
58. Hall – passageway/Haul - tow 
59. Halve – cut in two parts/Have - possess 
60. Hay – animal food/ Hey – interjection to get attention 
61. Heal – mend/Heel – back of foot 
62. Hi – hello/High – up far 
63. Hoarse – croaky/Horse – riding animal 
64. Hole - opening /Whole - entire 
65. Holey – full of holes/Holy – divine/ Wholly - entirely 
66. Hour – sixty minutes/Our – belonging to us 
67. I’ll – i will/ Isle - island 
68. Knead – massage/Need - desire 
69. Knew – did know/New – not old 
70. Knight – feudal horseman/Night - evening 
71. Knot – tied rope/Not - negative 
72. Know – have knowledge/ No – opposite of yes 
73. Lead – metal/ Led - was the leader 
74. Lessen – make smaller/ Lesson - class 
75. Loan – lend/Lone - solitary 
76. Made – did make/ Maid - servant 
77. Mail – postage/ Male – opposite of female 
78. Marry – to wed/Merry – very happy 
79. Meat – animal protein/Meet - encounter 
80. None – not any/Nun – woman who takes special vows 
81. Oar – boat paddle/Or – otherwise/Ore - mineral 
82. Oh – expression of surprise or awe/Owe – be obligated 
83. One – single/ Won – did win 
84. Overdo – do too much/Overdue – past due date 
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85. Pail – bucket/ Pale – not bright 
86. Pain – hurt/ Pane – window glass 
87. Peace – calm/Piece - segment 
88. Peak – highest point/Peek - glance 
89. Plain – ordinary/Plane – flight machine plane - flat surface 
90. Pole – post/Poll - survey 
91. Poor – not rich/Pour – make flow 
92. Pray – implore god/Prey - quarry 
93. Principal – most important/Principle - belief 
94. Rain – water from sky/Rein - bridle 
95. Rap – tap/ Wrap – drape around 
96. Real – factual/Reel - roll 
97. Right – correct; not left/Write - scribble 
98. Ring – encircle/ Wring - squeeze 
99. Role – function/Roll - rotate 
100. Rose – flower/ Rows - lines 
101. Sail – move by wind power/Sale – bargain price 
102. Scene – landscape/Seen - viewed 
103. Sew – connect with thread/ So – as a result/ Sow - plant 
104. Soar – ascend/Sore – hurt place 
105. Sole – single/Soul - essence 
106. Some – a few/ Sum - amount 
107. Steal – swipe/ Steel - alloy 
108. Tail – animal’s appendage/Tale - story 
109. Their – belonging to them/There – at that place/They’re – they are 
110. To – toward/Too - also 
111. Toe – foot appendage/Tow – pull along 
112. Vary – differ/Very - much 
113. Wail – howl/Whale – huge swimming mammal 
114. Waist – area below ribs/Waste - squander 
115. Wait – kill time/Weight – measurable load 
116. War – battle/Wore – did wear 
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117. Warn – caution/ Worn - used 
118. Way – path/ Weigh – measure mass 
119. We – us/ Wee - tiny 
120. Weak – not strong/ Week – period of seven days 
5. Homograph 
5.1. Definition of Homograph 
A homograph (from the Greek: μός, ὁ homós, "same" and γράφω, gráphō, 
"write") is a word that shares the same written form as another word but 
has a different meaning. When spoken, the meanings may be distinguished 
by different pronunciations, in which case the words are also heteronyms.. 
Homograph disambiguation is critically important in speech synthesis, 
natural language processing and other fields. 
5.2. Examples of Homograph 
1. Agape - wide open/a greek word meaning “love” 
2. Attribute - a characteristic or quality/to think of as belonging to or 
originating in some person, place or thing 
3. Axes - the plural of ax or axe/the plural of axis 
4. Bark - the sound of a dog/the skin of a tree 
5. Bass - a deep voice or tone/a kind of fish 
6. Bat - a piece of sporting equipment used in baseball/a winged animal 
associated with vampires 
7. Bear – to carry; support/ animal 
8. Blue - the color/ the feeling of sadness 
9. Bow - to bend at the waist/the front of a boat/a pair of tied loops 
10. Buffet - to hit, punch or slap/a self-serve food bar 
11. Bustier - an undergarment/more busty 
12. Compact - small/to make small/a small case for holding makeup 
13. Compound - to mix or combine/an enclosed area with a building or group 
of buildings inside 
14. Content - happy or satisfied/all that is contained inside something 
15. Contract - an agreement/to get, acquire or incur 
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16. Coordinates - brings into proper place or order/a set of numbers used to 
calculate position 
17. Desert - a hot, arid region/to leave 
18. Digest - a condensed version of some information/to change food in the 
stomach into a form that can be absorbed by the body 
19. Discount - a reduction in price/to underestimate the significance of or give 
no credence to 
20. Does - female deer (plural)/present, third person singular form of the verb 
“do” 
21. Down - in a lower position/soft, furry feathers 
22. Entrance - the place of entry/to bewitch, delight or enrapture 
23. Evening - late afternoon/making more even 
24. Fair – adjective: free of clouds or rain /noun: a competitive exhibition of 
farm products ppearance/reasonable 
25. Fine - very good/sharp or keen/delicate or subtle/a sum of money paid to 
settle a matter 
26. Fluke - a stroke of luck / the fins on a whales tail 
27. Frequent - occurring regularly/to visit a place with regularity 
28. Incense - a substance that produces a pleasant odor when burned/to 
infuriate or make very angry 
29. Lap - to drink with tongue/ a circuit 
30. Lead - to go first with followers behind/a type of metal 
31. Lean – thin/ rest against 
32. Lie - horizontal position/ falsehood or untruth expressed as truth 
33. Live - being alive (liv) - Live - a performance in person/ broadcasting 
something as it happens (lie-eev) 
34. Minute - 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour/extremely small 
35. Miss - unmarried woman/ to overlook 
36. Moped - acted sad or gloomy/a bicycle with a motor 
37. Number - a numeral/to count/more numb 
38. Number - numeral describing quantity (num-bur) - Number comparative 
form of the word numb (nummer) 
16
39. Object - a thing you can see or touch/a goal/a noun that receives the action 
of a verb/to be opposed to 
40. Plain - ordinary looking/ flat country 
41. Plane - a tool/ a tree 
42. Pluck - to remove feathers/ bravery 
43. Porter - a weak beer/ a man who carries luggage 
44. Proceeds - advances or continues on/the money or profit gained from some 
sale or venture 
45. Produce - to create or make/fresh fruits and vegetables 
46. Project - a plan or proposal/to throw or hurl forward/to cause a shadow or 
image to fall upon a surface 
47. Putting - the present participle of put/the present participle of putt 
48. Quail – cower/ bird 
49. Refuse - waste or garbage/to reject or decline to accept 
50. Rose - A flower of the rose bush - Rose - simple past tense of ‘rise’ 
51. Row - a fight/to propel a boat forward using oars/a line 
52. Second - 1/60th of a minute/after the first 
53. Shake – noun: building material used as siding or roofing/ noun: frothy 
drink of milk and flavoring and sometimes fruit or ice cream/ verb: get rid 
of (Example: "I couldn't shake the car that was following me")/ verb: 
move or cause to move back and forth 
54. Skip - to jump/ to miss out 
55. Subject - under some authority or control/to bring under authority or 
control/to make liable or vulnerable/a topic/the noun in a sentence about 
which something is said in the predicate 
56. Tear - to rip/a drop of water from the eye 
57. Train - a loco and trucks/ to teach 
58. Type - to write via keyboard/ a sort 
59. Wind - to turn/moving air 
60. Wound - turned/an injury 
17
REFERENCES 
Http://clk.about.com 
Http://en.wikipedia.org 
Http://examples.yourdictionary.com 
Http://grammar.about.com 
Http://homeworktips.about.com 
Http://wikianswer.com 
Http://www.abcteach.com 
Http://www.dailywritingtips.com 
Http://www.enchantedlearning.com 
Http://www.english-for-student.com 
Http://www.home.alphalink.com 
Http://www.usingenglish.com 
18

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SYNONYMS, ANTONYMS, POLYSEMY, HOMONYM, AND HOMOGRAPH

  • 1. SYNONYMS, ANTONYMS, POLYSEMY, HOMONYM, AND HOMOGRAPH 1. Synonyms 1.1. Definition of Synonyms Synonyms are words with the same or similar meanings. Words that are synonyms are said to be synonymous, and the state of being a synonym is called synonymy. The word comes from Ancient Greek syn (σύν) ("with") and onoma ( νομα) ("name"). In the figurative sense, two ὄ words are often said to be synonymous if they have the same connotation. Synonyms can be any part of speech (such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs or prepositions), as long as both words are the same part of speech. 1.2. Examples of Synonyms 1. About/Approximately 2. Above/Over 3. Abstract/Summary 4. Alike/Same 5. All/Every 6. Almost/Nearly 7. Animated/Lively 8. Anyway/Besides Angry/Mad 9. Apparent/Obvious 10. Applicable/Relevant 11. Appreciable/Considerable 12. Ardour/Passion 13. Arise/Occur 14. Aromatic/Fragrant 15. Association/Organization 16. Attractive/Appealing 17. Away/Absent 18. Awful/Terrible 19. Begin/Start 20. Bucket/Pail 21. Bunny/Rabbit 22. Carefree - Lighthearted 23. Center/Middle 24. Chair/Seat 25. Chef/Cook 26. Children/Kids 27. Choose/Pick 28. Clever/Smart 29. Cold/Icy 30. Come/Arrive 31. Cool/Chilly 32. Couch/Sofa 33. Crash/Accident 34. Crate/Box 35. Cruel - Mean 36. Cut/Clip 1
  • 2. 37. Cry/Sob 38. Damp/Wet 39. Decorate - Adorn, Embellish 40. Dresser - Bureau 41. Droop - Sag, Hang Down 42. Enemy/Foe 43. Enjoy/Like 44. Error/Mistake 45. Evil/Bad 46. Exact - Precise 47. Exit/Leave 48. Face - Confront 49. Face - Visage 50. Factual - True 51. Fad - Craze, Trend 52. Faint - Indistinct Vague 53. Faint - Pass Out 54. False/Untrue 55. Fast/Quick 56. Father/Dad 57. Fight/Battle 58. Filthy/Dirty 59. Fire/Flame 60. Flourish - Thrive 61. Flower/Blossom 62. Friend/Pal 63. Funny/Silly 64. Garbage/Trash 65. Get/Receive 66. Grand, Magnificent 67. Happy/Glad 68. Hard/Difficult 69. Harm/Hurt 70. Hat/Cap 71. Hope/Wish 72. House/Home 73. Hurry/Rush 74. Ill/Sick 75. Infant/Baby 76. Jog/Run 77. Kind/Nice 78. Large/Big 79. Late/Tardy 80. Laugh/Giggle 81. Lead/Guide 82. Leap/Jump 83. License - Permit 84. Lid/Cover 85. Lifeless - Dead 86. Lifelike - Realistic 87. Likely - Probable 88. Limit - Restrict 89. Limp - Flaccid 90. Linger - Stay, Wait 91. Lingo - Jargon 92. Listen/Hear 93. Locate, Find 94. Loud/Noisy 95. Love/Adore 96. Mother/Mom 97. Near/Close 98. Ocean - Sea 99. Often, Frequently 100. Own/Possess 101. Paste/Glue 2
  • 3. 102. Permit/Allow 103. Plate/Dish 104. Poor/Needy 105. Present/Gift 106. Pull/Tug 107. Quiet/Silent 108. Quiver - Shake 109. Raise/Lift 110. Reply/Answer 111. Rest/Relax 112. Rich/Wealthy 113. Risque - Tasteless 114. Robber/Thief 115. Rubbish, Garbage, Trash 116. Rug/Carpet 117. Sack/Bag 118. Sad/Unhappy 119. Save/Keep 120. See/Look 121. Selfish/Greedy 122. Shack/Hut 123. Ship/Boat 124. Shop/Store 125. Shout/Yell 126. Shove/Push 127. Shut/Close 128. Sleep/Snooze 129. Small/Tiny 130. Smell/Odor 131. Smile/Grin 132. Sniff/Smell 133. Song/Tune 134. Speak/Talk 135. Stone/Rock 136. Stop/Cease 137. Strange/Odd 138. Street/Road 139. Tailored/Tailor-Made 140. Taxi/Cab 141. Teach/Tutor 142. Temper/Mood 143. Terror/Terrorism 144. Testament/Testomony 145. Throw/Toss 146. Tired/Sleepy 147. To transform/To convert 148. Today/Nowadays 149. Torpid/Lethargic 150. Touchdown/Landing 151. Touchy/Sensitive 152. Transitority/Temporary 153. Transparent/Obvious 154. Trustworthy/Reliable 155. Ultimate/Final 156. Uncared/For Neglected 157. Uncommon/Unusual 158. Uncooked/Raw 159. Undeniable/Indisputable 160. Unforeseen/Unexpected 161. Unfortunate/Unlucky 162. Unhurt/Unharmed 163. Uninjured/Unhurt 164. Unlawful/Illegal 165. Unmarried/Single 3
  • 4. 2. Antonyms 2.1. Definition of Antonyms An antonym is a word that has the opposite meaning as another word. It refers to a word that is completely different from another.They also are called opposites. 2.2. Examples of Antonyms 1. Absent - Present 2. Abundant - Scarce 3. Accept - Decline, Refuse 4. Accurate - Inaccurate 5. Admit - Deny 6. Advantage - Disadvantage 7. Against - For 8. Agree - Disagree 9. Alive - Dead 10. All - None, Nothing 11. Ally - Enemy 12. Always - Never 13. Ancient - Modern 14. Answer - Question 15. Antonym - Synonym 16. Apart - Together 17. Appear-Disappear, Vanish 18. Approve - Disapprove 19. Arrive – Depart 20. Artificial - Natural 21. Ascend - Descend 22. Attic - Cellar 23. Attractive - Repulsive 24. Awake - Asleep 25. Backward - Forward 26. Bad - Good 27. Beautiful - Ugly 28. Before - After 29. Begin - End 30. Below - Above 31. Bent - Straight 32. Best - Worst 33. Better - Worse, Worst 34. Big - Little, Small 35. Bitter - Sweet 36. Black - White 37. Blame - Praise 38. Bless - Curse 39. Bold - Meek, Timid 40. Borrow - Lend 41. Borrow - Lend 42. Bottom - Top 43. Bound - Unbound, Free 44. Boundless - Limited 45. Boy - Girl 46. Brave - Cowardly 47. Bright - Dim, Dull 48. Brighten - Fade 49. Broad - Narrow 50. Build - Destroy 51. Calm - Windy, Troubled 52. Can - Cannot, Can't 4
  • 5. 53. Capable - Incapable 54. Captive - Free 55. Careful - Careless 56. Cheap - Expensive 57. Cheerful - Sad, Discouraged, Dreary 58. Clear - Cloudy, Opaque 59. Clever - Stupid 60. Clockwise - Counterclockwise 61. Close - Far, Distant 62. Closed - Ajar, Open 63. Clumsy - Graceful 64. Cold - Hot 65. Combine - Separate 66. Come - Go 67. Comfort - Discomfort 68. Common - Rare 69. Compulsory- Voluntary 70. Contract - Expand 71. Cool - Warm 72. Correct - Incorrect, Wrong 73. Courteous-Discourteous, Rude 74. Create - Destroy 75. Crooked - Straight 76. Cruel - Kind 77. Dangerous - Safe 78. Dark - Light 79. Day - Night 80. Decrease - Increase 81. Deep - Shallow 82. Definite - Indefinite 83. Demand - Supply 84. Despair - Hope 85. Discourage - Encourage 86. Down - Up 87. Downwards - Upwards 88. Dreary - Cheerful 89. Dry - Moist, Wet 90. Early - Late 91. East - West 92. Easy - Hard, Difficult 93. Empty - Full 94. Encourage - Discourage 95. Enter - Exit 96. Even - Odd 97. Export - Import 98. Exterior - Interior 99. External - Internal 100. Fail - Succeed 101. False - True 102. Far - Near 103. Fast - Slow 104. Fat - Thin 105. Feeble - Strong, Powerful 106. Few - Many 107. Find - Lose 108. First - Last 109. Float - Sink 110. Fold - Unfold 111. Foolish - Wise 112. Forget - Remember 113. Fortunate - Unfortunate 5
  • 6. 114. Found - Lost 115. Frequent - Seldom 116. Fresh - Stale 117. Generous - Stingy 118. Gentle - Rough 119. Give - Receive, Take 120. Glad - Sad, Sorry 121. Go - Stop 122. Great-Tiny, 123. Grow - Shrink 124. Happy - Sad 125. Harmful - Harmless 126. Harsh - Mild 127. Hate - Love 128. Heaven - Hell 129. Heavy - Light 130. Help - Hinder 131. Here - There 132. Hero - Coward 133. High - Low 134. Hill - Valley 135. Hinder - Help 136. Honest - Dishonest 137. Horizontal - Vertical 138. Humble - Proud 139. Immense - Tiny, Small 140. Important - Trivial 141. In - Out 142. Include - Exclude 143. Increase - Decrease 144. Inferior - Superior 145. Inhale - Exhale 146. Inner - Outer 147. Inside - Outside 148. Internal - External 149. Join - Separate 150. Junior – Senior 151. Known - Unknown 152. Landlord - Tenant 153. Large - Small 154. Lawful - Unlawful, Illegal 155. Left - Right 156. Left – Right 157. Lengthen - Shorten 158. Lenient - Strict 159. Less - More 160. Like - Dislike, Hate 161. Likely - Unlikely 162. Long - Short 163. Loose - Tight 164. Loss - Win 165. Major - Minor 166. Mature - Immature 167. Maximum - Minimum 168. Merry - Sad 169. Minor - Major 170. Minority - Majority 171. Miser - Spendthrift 172. Misunderstand- Understand 173. Nadir - Zenith 174. Narrow - Wide 175. Never - Always 3. Polysemy 6
  • 7. 3.1. Definition of Polysemy Polysemy (pron.: /pə l s mi/ or / p l si mi/ from ˈ ɪ ɨ ˈ ɒ ɨ ː Greek:, poly-, "many" and sêma, "sign") is the capacity for a sign (e.g., a word, phrase, etc.) or signs to have multiple related meanings. A polyseme is a word or phrase with different, but related senses. 3.2. Examples of Polisemy 1. Accept - Take willingly, receive as suitable, agree, admit (responsibility), to believe that something is true etc etc. 2. Aggregation – 1) Coming together, 2) Result of coming together; those who come together 3. Bed – 1) Something sleepers lie upon, 2) What a stream lies on 4. Bolt – means “to lock”, “not to move”, while at the same time it may be interpreted as “moving very quickly”. 5. Book – 1) A bound collection of page, 2) A text reproduced and distributed (thus, someone who has read the same text on a computer has read the same book as someone who had the actual paper volume) 6. Box - A type of tree, a container, a seating area, and to fight with fists. 7. Butt – 1) Part of a cigarette, 2) your rear-end. 8. Center – 1) of or belonging to neither the right nor the left politically or intellectually, 2) an area that is approximately central within some larger region (“it is in the center of town”) 9. Count – To say the numbers in the right order, to calculate, include,, consider, (n) total, saying numbers,measurement etc. 10. Court – 1) Seek favor, 2) Assembly of those seeking favor; the president of the court ("judge") 11. Crane – 1) A bird, 2) A type of construction equipment, 3) To strain out one's neck. 12. Delegation – 1) Granting authority to another. 2) Those to whom authority has been granted 7
  • 8. 13. Express – 1)verb: to put something into words, push out, squeeze out. 2) adjective: fast, such as an express train, express mail. 14. Face – 1) The front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear (he washed his face), 2) Deal with (something unpleasant) head on (He faced the terrible consequences of his mistakes) 15. Fair – 1) Adjective. Meaning lovely or beautiful. 2) Noun. Meaning a gathering of people to sell and barter goods, or to enjoy entertainment 16. Fast – can be interpreted as “staying still” and “moving quickly”. 17. Firm – 1) adjective: secure, solid. 2) noun: a business organisation, a company 18. Fix. It has many meanings such as 1.attach, 2.Arrange 3.Get ready (food or drinks) 4.repair 5. punish, 6.set right (the hair). 19. Fleet – 1) Group of vehicles, 2) Swift. 20. Foot – 1) The part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint 2) pay for something pick (“foot the bill”) 21. Funny - Amusing, Strange, suspicious / illegal, crazy, entertaining, witty, humorous, comic, hilarious. 22. Head - 1) Part of the body above neck, 2) Person in charge of an organisation 23. Hospital – 1) Activity or place for lodging guests, 2) Place for treating the ill 24. Hunt – 1) Seeking something, especially game animals, to kill or capture, 2) Those engaged in a search and taking 25. Light – 1) A non-heavy object, 2) what the sun gives off. 26. Lock – 1) A fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed, 2)Become rigid or immoveable 27. Love – Affection, romantic(fall in love with), Enjoyment, (love of learning), a score in games like tennis, Love-all). 28. Magazine – 1) A periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to, 2) it product consisting of a paperback periodic publication as a physical object 8
  • 9. 29. Man – 1) Humankind (both male and female, old and young), 2)Specifically a male human being, 3) Even more specifically an adult male human being. 30. Militia – 1) Military or defense activity, 2) Those engaged in or subject to being required to engage in defense activity 31. Milk - The verb milk (e.g. "he's milking it for all he can get") derives from the process of obtaining milk. 32. Ministry – 1) Serving the needs of others , 2) Those engaged in serving the needs of others 33. Mole – 1) A small burrowing mammal, 2) Consequently, there are several different entities called moles (see the Mole disambiguation page). Although these refer to different things, their names derive from 1. :e.g. A Mole burrows for information hoping to go undetected. 34. Movement – 1) Motion, change in position, 2) Result of motion or change; those who move or change 35. Note – 1) noun: something written down in just a few Also, 2) verb meaning to notice, e.g., to note something, to take note of someone's comment. 36. Nurse – 1) Serving the needs of others, 2) Someone engaged in serving the needs of others 37. Odd – 1) Not paired with another, or remaining over after a pairing; without a mate; unmatched; single; as, an odd shoe; an odd glove, 2) Not easily explained, it is odd that his name is never mentioned 38. Organ – 1) noun: a musical instrument such as a pipe organ or an electric organ. 2) noun: a specific part of the body such as the heart or liver. 39. Pack – A large indefinite number, a complete collection of similar things, a convenient package or parcel (as of cigarettes or film) 40. Paint – 1) Noun: substance used as a coating to protect or decorate a surface (especially a mixture of pigment suspended in a liquid); dries to form a hard coating, 2) Verb: make a painting 9
  • 10. 41. Pale – 1) Pale (adj): Wanting in color; not ruddy; dusky white; pallid; wan; as, a pale face; a pale red; a pale blue, 2) Pale (noun): wooden strip forming part of a fence 42. Paper – to a substance made out of wood pulp or to a daily publication printed on that substance. 43. Play – Something done for pleasure, a drama, a game, etc. 44. Police – 1) Make orderly (lawful), 2) Law enforcers 45. Rent – 1) Payment at intervals for use of a property, 2) (as tenant) to occupy for rent; (as landlord) to grant occupation for rent 46. Sanction – the verb means “to permit”, while the phrase “to put a sanction”- “not permit”. 47. Service - 1) Doing for others, 2) Those who serve (especially military) 48. Shine – 1)The quality or state of shining; brightness; luster, gloss; polish; sheen, 2) Be distinguished or eminent (His talent shines) 49. Sound – means a noise, a body of water, a state of health etc. 50. Spam – Stuff you get in your email, the left over ham. 51. Stalk – 1) The stem of a plant, 2) Verb meaning to follow and harass either an animal or person. 52. Stand – 1) the position where a thing or person, 2) stands a mental position from which things are viewed 53. Table – A piece of furniture, dining table, facts / numbers, maths, (multiplication / addition tables, (V) to present. 54. To get (verb) – It mean "procure" (I'll get the drinks), "become" (she got scared), "have" (I've got three dollars), "understand" (I get it) etc 55. Truck – 1) A conveyance with wheels, 2) Conveying with cargo, those who transport cargo, traveling with vigor 56. Viking – 1) Raiding, 2) Those who raid (especially of Scandinavian origin) 57. Walk – Went walking, went for a walk, walk the dog, Hill Walk Drive 58. Way – 1) How something is done or how it happens (a lonely way of life), 2) a line leading to a place or point (didn't know the way home) 10
  • 11. 59. Wedding – 1) Joining a couple in matrimony, 2) Those engaged in joining a couple in matrimony; time or place of doing so 60. Wood – 1) A piece of a tree, 2) A geographical area with many trees. 4. Homonymy 4.1. Defnition of Homonimy The word homonym comes from the Greek (homonumos), meaning "having the same name", which is the conjunction homos, "common, same" and onoma meaning "name". In linguistics, a homonym is, in the strict sense, one of a group of words that share the same spelling and the same pronunciation but have different meanings. 4.2. Examples of Homonymy 1. Ade – drink type, as in lemonade/ Aid – to help or assist/ Aide - assistant 2. Affect – change/ Effect – result or consequence 3. Air – atmosphere (the stuff we breathe)/ Aisle - walkway 4. Allowed – permitted/ Aloud – out loud 5. Ant – picnic pest/ Aunt – relative, as in your mom’s sister 6. Arc – curve/ Ark – noah’s boat 7. Ate – chewed up and swallowed/ Eight – number after seven 8. Bare – uncovered/ Bear – grizzly animal 9. Base – bottom part/ Bass – deep or low 10. Be – to exist/ Bee – buzzing insect 11. Beach – sandy shore/ Beech – type of tree 12. Beat - to pound/ Beet – type of edible plant 13. Berry – fruit from a bush/ Bury – to put underground 14. Berth – tie up/ Birth – to be born 15. Bite – nibble/ Byte – 8 bits (computer data) 16. Blew – past of blow/ Blue – color of ocean 17. Boar – pig/ Bore – not interesting 18. Borough – area or district/ Burrow – dig through/ 19. Bow – bend or curtsy/ Buoy – floater/ Boy – young man 20. Brake – stop pedal/ Break – smash 11
  • 12. 21. Bread – bakery food/ Bred – form of breed 22. Broach – mention/ Brooch - pin 23. Brows – eyebrows/ Browse – look around 24. Burro – small donkey/ Bough – branch 25. Buy – purchase/ By – Beside/ Bye – Short For Goodbye 26. Cell – compartment/ Sell - vend 27. Cent – penny coin/ Sent – did send 28. Cereal – breakfast food/ Serial - sequential 29. Chile – country in south America/ Chili – bean stew/Chilly – frosty 30. Chord – musical tone/ Cord - rope 31. Cite – quote/ Site – location/ Sight - view 32. Close – opposite of open/ Clothes - clothing 33. Complement – enhance; go together/ Compliment - praise 34. Council – committee/ Counsel - guidance 35. Creak – squeak/ Creek – stream of water 36. Crews – gangs/ Cruise – ride on a boat 37. Dear – darling/ Deer – woodland animal 38. Dew – morning mist/ Do – operate/ Due - payable 39. Die – cease to exist/ Dye - color 40. Doe – female dear/ Dough – uncooked bread 41. Dual – double/ Duel - battle 42. Ewe – female sheep/ You - second-person personal pronoun 43. Eye – sight organ/ I - me 44. Fair – equal/ Fare - price 45. Fairy – elflike creature with wings/ Ferry - boat 46. Faze – impact/ Phase - stage 47. Feat – achievement /Feet – plural of foot 48. Fir – type of tree/ Fur – animal hair 49. Flea – small biting insect/ Flee – run/ Flew – did fly 50. Flower – blooming plant/For – on behalf of 51. Flu – illness/ Flour – powdery, ground up grain 52. Fore – front/Four – one more than three 12
  • 13. 53. Forth – onward/Fourth – number four 54. Gorilla – big ape/Guerrilla - warrior 55. Grease – fat/ Greece – country in europe 56. Groan – moan/ Grown – form of grow 57. Hair – head covering/ Hare – rabbit-like animal 58. Hall – passageway/Haul - tow 59. Halve – cut in two parts/Have - possess 60. Hay – animal food/ Hey – interjection to get attention 61. Heal – mend/Heel – back of foot 62. Hi – hello/High – up far 63. Hoarse – croaky/Horse – riding animal 64. Hole - opening /Whole - entire 65. Holey – full of holes/Holy – divine/ Wholly - entirely 66. Hour – sixty minutes/Our – belonging to us 67. I’ll – i will/ Isle - island 68. Knead – massage/Need - desire 69. Knew – did know/New – not old 70. Knight – feudal horseman/Night - evening 71. Knot – tied rope/Not - negative 72. Know – have knowledge/ No – opposite of yes 73. Lead – metal/ Led - was the leader 74. Lessen – make smaller/ Lesson - class 75. Loan – lend/Lone - solitary 76. Made – did make/ Maid - servant 77. Mail – postage/ Male – opposite of female 78. Marry – to wed/Merry – very happy 79. Meat – animal protein/Meet - encounter 80. None – not any/Nun – woman who takes special vows 81. Oar – boat paddle/Or – otherwise/Ore - mineral 82. Oh – expression of surprise or awe/Owe – be obligated 83. One – single/ Won – did win 84. Overdo – do too much/Overdue – past due date 13
  • 14. 85. Pail – bucket/ Pale – not bright 86. Pain – hurt/ Pane – window glass 87. Peace – calm/Piece - segment 88. Peak – highest point/Peek - glance 89. Plain – ordinary/Plane – flight machine plane - flat surface 90. Pole – post/Poll - survey 91. Poor – not rich/Pour – make flow 92. Pray – implore god/Prey - quarry 93. Principal – most important/Principle - belief 94. Rain – water from sky/Rein - bridle 95. Rap – tap/ Wrap – drape around 96. Real – factual/Reel - roll 97. Right – correct; not left/Write - scribble 98. Ring – encircle/ Wring - squeeze 99. Role – function/Roll - rotate 100. Rose – flower/ Rows - lines 101. Sail – move by wind power/Sale – bargain price 102. Scene – landscape/Seen - viewed 103. Sew – connect with thread/ So – as a result/ Sow - plant 104. Soar – ascend/Sore – hurt place 105. Sole – single/Soul - essence 106. Some – a few/ Sum - amount 107. Steal – swipe/ Steel - alloy 108. Tail – animal’s appendage/Tale - story 109. Their – belonging to them/There – at that place/They’re – they are 110. To – toward/Too - also 111. Toe – foot appendage/Tow – pull along 112. Vary – differ/Very - much 113. Wail – howl/Whale – huge swimming mammal 114. Waist – area below ribs/Waste - squander 115. Wait – kill time/Weight – measurable load 116. War – battle/Wore – did wear 14
  • 15. 117. Warn – caution/ Worn - used 118. Way – path/ Weigh – measure mass 119. We – us/ Wee - tiny 120. Weak – not strong/ Week – period of seven days 5. Homograph 5.1. Definition of Homograph A homograph (from the Greek: μός, ὁ homós, "same" and γράφω, gráphō, "write") is a word that shares the same written form as another word but has a different meaning. When spoken, the meanings may be distinguished by different pronunciations, in which case the words are also heteronyms.. Homograph disambiguation is critically important in speech synthesis, natural language processing and other fields. 5.2. Examples of Homograph 1. Agape - wide open/a greek word meaning “love” 2. Attribute - a characteristic or quality/to think of as belonging to or originating in some person, place or thing 3. Axes - the plural of ax or axe/the plural of axis 4. Bark - the sound of a dog/the skin of a tree 5. Bass - a deep voice or tone/a kind of fish 6. Bat - a piece of sporting equipment used in baseball/a winged animal associated with vampires 7. Bear – to carry; support/ animal 8. Blue - the color/ the feeling of sadness 9. Bow - to bend at the waist/the front of a boat/a pair of tied loops 10. Buffet - to hit, punch or slap/a self-serve food bar 11. Bustier - an undergarment/more busty 12. Compact - small/to make small/a small case for holding makeup 13. Compound - to mix or combine/an enclosed area with a building or group of buildings inside 14. Content - happy or satisfied/all that is contained inside something 15. Contract - an agreement/to get, acquire or incur 15
  • 16. 16. Coordinates - brings into proper place or order/a set of numbers used to calculate position 17. Desert - a hot, arid region/to leave 18. Digest - a condensed version of some information/to change food in the stomach into a form that can be absorbed by the body 19. Discount - a reduction in price/to underestimate the significance of or give no credence to 20. Does - female deer (plural)/present, third person singular form of the verb “do” 21. Down - in a lower position/soft, furry feathers 22. Entrance - the place of entry/to bewitch, delight or enrapture 23. Evening - late afternoon/making more even 24. Fair – adjective: free of clouds or rain /noun: a competitive exhibition of farm products ppearance/reasonable 25. Fine - very good/sharp or keen/delicate or subtle/a sum of money paid to settle a matter 26. Fluke - a stroke of luck / the fins on a whales tail 27. Frequent - occurring regularly/to visit a place with regularity 28. Incense - a substance that produces a pleasant odor when burned/to infuriate or make very angry 29. Lap - to drink with tongue/ a circuit 30. Lead - to go first with followers behind/a type of metal 31. Lean – thin/ rest against 32. Lie - horizontal position/ falsehood or untruth expressed as truth 33. Live - being alive (liv) - Live - a performance in person/ broadcasting something as it happens (lie-eev) 34. Minute - 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour/extremely small 35. Miss - unmarried woman/ to overlook 36. Moped - acted sad or gloomy/a bicycle with a motor 37. Number - a numeral/to count/more numb 38. Number - numeral describing quantity (num-bur) - Number comparative form of the word numb (nummer) 16
  • 17. 39. Object - a thing you can see or touch/a goal/a noun that receives the action of a verb/to be opposed to 40. Plain - ordinary looking/ flat country 41. Plane - a tool/ a tree 42. Pluck - to remove feathers/ bravery 43. Porter - a weak beer/ a man who carries luggage 44. Proceeds - advances or continues on/the money or profit gained from some sale or venture 45. Produce - to create or make/fresh fruits and vegetables 46. Project - a plan or proposal/to throw or hurl forward/to cause a shadow or image to fall upon a surface 47. Putting - the present participle of put/the present participle of putt 48. Quail – cower/ bird 49. Refuse - waste or garbage/to reject or decline to accept 50. Rose - A flower of the rose bush - Rose - simple past tense of ‘rise’ 51. Row - a fight/to propel a boat forward using oars/a line 52. Second - 1/60th of a minute/after the first 53. Shake – noun: building material used as siding or roofing/ noun: frothy drink of milk and flavoring and sometimes fruit or ice cream/ verb: get rid of (Example: "I couldn't shake the car that was following me")/ verb: move or cause to move back and forth 54. Skip - to jump/ to miss out 55. Subject - under some authority or control/to bring under authority or control/to make liable or vulnerable/a topic/the noun in a sentence about which something is said in the predicate 56. Tear - to rip/a drop of water from the eye 57. Train - a loco and trucks/ to teach 58. Type - to write via keyboard/ a sort 59. Wind - to turn/moving air 60. Wound - turned/an injury 17
  • 18. REFERENCES Http://clk.about.com Http://en.wikipedia.org Http://examples.yourdictionary.com Http://grammar.about.com Http://homeworktips.about.com Http://wikianswer.com Http://www.abcteach.com Http://www.dailywritingtips.com Http://www.enchantedlearning.com Http://www.english-for-student.com Http://www.home.alphalink.com Http://www.usingenglish.com 18