Woodward fieser rule
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This document provides an introduction to the Woodward-Fieser rules, which are used to calculate the maximum wavelength (λmax) of organic compounds based on their molecular structure. It outlines the basic values and increments used to determine λmax for different conjugated diene and triene systems, including contributions from substituents, double bond conjugation, and polar groups. Examples are given to demonstrate how to apply the rules to calculate λmax for specific molecules.
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The document discusses the Woodward-Fieser rules for correlating the wavelength of light absorption with molecular structure. Originally developed by Robert Burns Woodward in 1945 and later modified by Louis Frederick Fieser, the rules assign base absorption values and increments for conjugated dienes, trienes, and other functional groups. For example, acyclic conjugated dienes have a base value of 215 nm, with increments of 5 nm for each ring or exocyclic double bond. The rules can be used to determine conjugation, identify unknown compounds, and elucidate molecular structures. Questions are welcomed.
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This document discusses the Woodward-Fieser rules for predicting the wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax) of organic compounds based on their molecular structure. It introduces the basic terminology and presents the parent values and incremental contributions for calculating λmax for different functional groups in conjugated dienes, aromatics, α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, and compounds with more than four conjugated double bonds. Examples are provided to demonstrate the application of the rules for each class of compounds. The document is intended as an introduction to the Woodward-Fieser rules and their use in predicting UV-vis absorption spectra based on molecular structure.
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1. The document discusses the Woodward-Fieser rules which are used to calculate the absorption maxima (λmax) of conjugated systems based on their structure.
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- The rules involve assigning a base value for the chromophore and adding contributions from substituents and extensions of conjugation. Base values and contributions are provided for conjugated dienes, carbonyl compounds, and aromatic compounds.
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The Woodward-Fieser rules provide a method to calculate the maximum wavelength (λmax) of absorption for conjugated systems based on their structure. There are three sets of rules for: 1) conjugated dienes and polyenes, 2) α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and 3) aromatic compounds. For each system, the rules define a basic or parent value which is adjusted based on substituents and other structural features using set increments. For example, for conjugated dienes the parent value is 215nm, each alkyl substituent or ring residue adds 5nm, and each double bond extending conjugation adds 30nm. The rules allow estimation of λmax which relates structure to color and is
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The Woodward-Fieser rule provides a method to calculate the maximum wavelength (λmax) of absorption in the UV spectrum of conjugated dienes and trienes. It assigns base values to different diene systems and allows additions to the base value based on structural features like alkyl substituents, extended conjugation, and polar groups. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating λmax values for compounds containing homoannular dienes, heteroannular dienes, and exocyclic and endocyclic double bonds by applying additions to the appropriate base value.
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the presentation is about method used to find wavelength of organic compounds & it has applications in spectroscopic methods.
woodwardfieserrules-180602064036 (1).pdf
- The document discusses the Woodward-Fieser rules, which are used to calculate the position and maximum wavelength (λmax) of absorption for conjugated systems based on their structure.
- The rules involve assigning a base value for the chromophore and adding contributions from substituents and extensions of conjugation. Base values and contributions are provided for conjugated dienes, carbonyl compounds, and aromatic compounds.
- Examples are given to demonstrate calculating λmax values using the rules for different functional groups like dienes, carbonyls, and benzoyl derivatives.
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This document provides an overview of C-13 NMR spectroscopy. It discusses the history and principle of NMR spectroscopy, focusing on C-13. Key points include: C-13 has a nuclear spin of 1/2, allowing it to be detected by NMR, unlike C-12. The chemical shift range for C-13 is much broader than for proton NMR, from 0-220 ppm. The number of C-13 signals indicates the number of non-equivalent carbon types in a molecule. C-13 coupling is observed with directly bonded protons and other nearby nuclei. Applications of C-13 NMR include structure elucidation of organic and biochemical compounds.
Coupling constant
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The Woodward-Fieser rules provide a method to calculate the maximum wavelength (λmax) of absorption for conjugated systems based on their structure. There are three sets of rules for: 1) conjugated dienes and polyenes, 2) α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, and 3) aromatic compounds. For each system, the rules define a basic or parent value which is adjusted based on substituents and other structural features using set increments. For example, for conjugated dienes the parent value is 215nm, each alkyl substituent or ring residue adds 5nm, and each double bond extending conjugation adds 30nm. The rules allow estimation of λmax which relates structure to color and is
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applications
Noesy [autosaved]
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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- 1. WELCOME
- 2. WOODWARD-FIESER RULE ANJU ALEX ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY ST.GREGORIOS COLLEGE , KOTTARAKARA
- 3. Woodward-Fieser Rules • Used to calculate the maximum wave length (λmax ) of organic compounds. • In 1945 Robert Burns Woodward gave certain rules for correlating λmax with molecular structure. • In 1959 Louis Frederick Fieser modified these rules with more experimental data, and the modified rule is known as Woodward-Fieser Rules
- 4. Robert Burns Woodward Louis Frederick Fieser
- 5. RULES • Each type of diene or triene system is having a certain fixed value at which absorption takes place; this constitutes the Base value or Parent value. • The contribution made by various alkyl substituents or ring residue, double bond extending conjugation and polar groups such as –Cl, -Br etc are added to the basic value to obtain λmax for a particular compound.
- 6. I) CONJUGATED DIENE CORRELATIONS a) Homoannular Diene:- Cyclic diene having conjugated double bonds in same ring. b) Heteroannular Diene:- Cyclic diene having conjugated double bonds in different rings.
- 7. c) Endocyclic double bond:- Double bond present in a ring. d) Exocyclic double bond: - Double bond in which one of the doubly bonded atoms is a part of a ring system. Here Ring A has one exocyclic and endocyclic double bond. Ring B has only one endocyclic double bond.
- 8. PARENT VALUES AND INCREMENTS FOR DIFFERENT SUBSTITUENTS/GROUPS: I) CONJUGATED DIENE CORRELATIONS: Base value for butadiene system or acyclic conjugated diene = 217 nm i) Base value for homoannular diene = 253 nm ii) Base value for heteroannular diene = 214 nm iii) Alkyl substituent or Ring residue attached to the parent diene = 5 nm iv) Double bond extending conjugation = 30 nm v) Exocyclic double bonds = 5 nm vi) Polar groups: a) -OAc = 0 nm b) -OAlkyl = 6 nm c) -Cl, -Br = 5 nm
- 9. Example 1 2,4-hexadiene CH3-CH = CH-CH=CH-CH3 butadiene Base Value = 217 nm 2-alkyl substituent = 2x5 = 10 Λmax of the molecule = 217+10 = 227nm
- 10. Example 2 Butadiene Base Value = 217nm 1-alkyl substituent = 1x5 = 5 2-ring residue = 2x5 = 10 1-exocyclic bond = 1x5 = 5 Λmax of the molecule =CH-CH=CH-CH3
- 11. Example 3 • Base value (heteroannular diene) = 214 nm • 3-ring residue = 3x5= 15 • 1-Exocyclic bond = 1x 5 = 5 • Λmax of the molecule = 214+15+5 = 234 nm
- 12. Example 4 • Homoannular diene • Base Value = 253nm • 2-ring residue = 2x5 = 10 • 1-alkyl substituent = 1x5 = 5 • 1-Exocyclic Bond = 1x5= 5 • Λmax of the molecule = 253 + 20 = 273 nm
- 13. Thank You