The document provides information on construction documents, including drawings and specifications. It discusses the correlation between drawings and specifications, with drawings defining physical relationships and specifications outlining quality, material, and testing requirements. It also covers construction drawing conventions, including numbering systems, symbols, and clarity. Site plans show the architectural site features and are generally one of the first drawings prepared. They include property lines, building footprints, dimensions, and notes. Floor plans further the documentation by including the layout of interior spaces.
How Tekla BIM Modeling saving time for top structural engineering firms? | Te...Shubham Bhatnagar
Structural engineering consultants evaluate vertical and horizontal system loads, metallic systems and reinforced concrete for specific structural elements. Automatic structural drawing creation and 3D modeling facilitate automatic extraction of structural quantities within budget. The 5D cost estimates or 5d quantity takeoffs are significant structural engineering services during the early phases of the construction. Accurate measurement of building materials through Building Information Modeling allows measuring more in less time with strict adherence to project deadline.
Importance of Steel Detailing for Steel Fabricators and Structural Engineersmetzens
https://www.matzensolutions.com/structural-steel-detailing-services/ - A structural design detail plan of an infrastructure of a building facility undergoes a variety of inspection, evaluation, and redesigning stages before it is forwarded for the fabrication of steel and execution on the site.
Once the plan gets finalized, steel detailers prepare steel shop drawings so as to coordinate with the steel fabricator. One of the things to ensure while drawings undergo a transition from designing to fabrication is that the structure’s integrity is maintained adequately.
How Tekla BIM Modeling saving time for top structural engineering firms? | Te...Shubham Bhatnagar
Structural engineering consultants evaluate vertical and horizontal system loads, metallic systems and reinforced concrete for specific structural elements. Automatic structural drawing creation and 3D modeling facilitate automatic extraction of structural quantities within budget. The 5D cost estimates or 5d quantity takeoffs are significant structural engineering services during the early phases of the construction. Accurate measurement of building materials through Building Information Modeling allows measuring more in less time with strict adherence to project deadline.
Importance of Steel Detailing for Steel Fabricators and Structural Engineersmetzens
https://www.matzensolutions.com/structural-steel-detailing-services/ - A structural design detail plan of an infrastructure of a building facility undergoes a variety of inspection, evaluation, and redesigning stages before it is forwarded for the fabrication of steel and execution on the site.
Once the plan gets finalized, steel detailers prepare steel shop drawings so as to coordinate with the steel fabricator. One of the things to ensure while drawings undergo a transition from designing to fabrication is that the structure’s integrity is maintained adequately.
Introduction to working drawings course for architects and interior designers.
it contains 3 main parts:
1-general introduction to the course and its objectives and importance,
2-guide lines for plan drawings for beginners,
3-introduction to NCS.
Construction Documents Guide: Types and Significance in 2024Chandresh Chudasama
Explore the various types of construction documents and their significance in 2024 in this insightful article.
This blog post will provide a detailed checklist of all the essential construction documents required for projects in 2024. It will cover everything from architectural drawings and specifications to permits and contracts. By following this guide, contractors and project managers can ensure that they have all the necessary documentation in place, saving time and avoiding potential legal issues.
Introduction to working drawings course for architects and interior designers.
it contains 3 main parts:
1-general introduction to the course and its objectives and importance,
2-guide lines for plan drawings for beginners,
3-introduction to NCS.
Construction Documents Guide: Types and Significance in 2024Chandresh Chudasama
Explore the various types of construction documents and their significance in 2024 in this insightful article.
This blog post will provide a detailed checklist of all the essential construction documents required for projects in 2024. It will cover everything from architectural drawings and specifications to permits and contracts. By following this guide, contractors and project managers can ensure that they have all the necessary documentation in place, saving time and avoiding potential legal issues.
Many different types of drawing can be used during the process of designing and constructing buildings. Some of the more commonly-used types of drawing are listed below.
1. What two major components make up the contract documents 2. .docxjeremylockett77
1. What two major components make up the contract documents?
2. When did architects first begin to use drawings to communicate their
design intent?
3. What does CAD stand for?
4. There is a particular way in which the drawings are organized in a set of drawings. Identify the order of drawings in a typical set of plans.
5. What is the difference between a plan view and a section view in a set of drawings?
6. Name the four primary sections of a project manual.
7. The 2004 CSI MasterFormat is broken down into how many divisions?
8. Under which CSI division would you find building insulation?
9. Name the four basic types of construction contracts.
10. Under a guaranteed maximum price contract, what happens if the actual cost is less than the guaranteed maximum contract price?
Construction Management Jump Start
Chapter 4
The Construction Contract
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Chapter 4
The Construction ContractThis chapter introduces you to the various documents included in the contract, how the contract impacts the construction, the standard protocols used when preparing the contract documents, and the various types of contracts used for construction.
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What is a Construction Contract?An agreement between the owner and contractor and is enforceable by law.Contractor is to perform a service for some consideration or payment.The contract is comprised of many documents.The plans and specs are often referred to as the contract documents and the contractor must deliver the project in accordance with them.
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Contract DocumentsIn a traditional project delivery method, the contractor is typically not involved in the design or production of the contract documents.
Contract documents consist of two major components:Drawings (Plans) discuss the quantity of the workProject Manual (Specs) discuss the quality of the work
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The DrawingsThe drawings are a graphical set of directives prepared by the expressing the wishes and desires of the owner.The most important communication tool used to convey the work.A shift in the design and construction process occurred during the Renaissance.Prior to the Renaissance master builders communicated design with modelsDuring the Renaissance, master builders began expressing their design through drawings and written instructions.Today models have been reintroduced to supplement drawings using 3D and 4D (4D includes time/schedule) computer modeling.
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Drawing ProductionHistorically, drawings have been called blueprints.Blueprints were created through a process which reproduced hand-drafted drawings by printing white lines on blue paper.Todays hand-drafting process prints blue lines on white paper; these drawings are actually referred to as bluelines.However, most drawing today are produced electronically on computer aided design (CAD).
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Drawing SizeSets of drawings vary in size from a 3-4 sheets for a small house to well over 100 sheets for large, magnificent structures.Note: A single drawing sheet is typic ...
Architectural drawing is simply the technical drawing of a house, a building, or any kind of structure. ... It's a schematic representation of a building. Architects, for instance, use architectural drawings to convey and develop a design idea into a coherent proposal. Also, they use it to communicate ideas and concepts.
DRAWINGS & SYMBOL FOR THE ENGINEERING PROJECT TYPICALLY APPLIED IN ANY OF CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING PROJECT. THE USED OF DRAWING IN THE WHOLE LIFECYCLE OF THE PROJECT
Types Fabrication Drawings: Their Importance and BenefitsChandresh Chudasama
Types of Fabrication Drawings: Learn about the importance and benefits they bring to your project in this informative article. Fabrication drawings, often the backbone of any manufacturing process, play a pivotal role in accurately translating design concepts into tangible products. These detailed diagrams provide a thorough guide for manufacturers, outlining the specific requirements for materials, dimensions, and processes involved in product creation. The precision and clarity inherent in these drawings minimize the risk of errors during production, thereby saving time and resources. Furthermore, they ensure that the final product aligns perfectly with the designer's vision, maintaining the integrity and functionality of the design. In essence, fabrication drawings bridge the gap between conceptual design and physical reality, making them an indispensable tool in the engineering and manufacturing sectors.
Explore the detailed and comprehensive guide for HVAC Duct Shop Drawings in 2024, providing in-depth insights and expertise on best practices, industry standards, and practical tips to enhance your understanding of this crucial aspect of HVAC systems. Delve into the intricate world of duct design with a focus on optimizing airflow efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and ensuring optimal air quality within commercial and residential spaces. Whether you're a seasoned professional or a newcomer to the field, this guide covers all the essential information you need to excel in HVAC duct design and implementation, empowering you to create sustainable and comfortable indoor environments for diverse applications.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. Introduction
Construction Documents prepared by
architects and their consultants consists of
drawings and specifications.
The function of these documents is to
convey the design intent to the contractor
for bidding and construction.
It is therefore important that CD’s are…
clear / concise / correct / coordinated
3. Correlation Between Drawings and
Specifications
Drawings
Define the physical relationships between
materials, products and systems
They indicate dimensions & locations
Sizes, quantities and configurations are on the
drawings
4. Correlation Between Drawings and
Specifications
Specifications
Specifications express in writing, the
requirements regarding quality
They outline the products, materials and
fabrication
They explain material and product testing
requirements as well as erection and
installation criteria
5. Construction Drawings
Drawing Conventions
A logical system for organizing drawings and
drawing sets
Material designations
Drawing symbols
Standard abbreviations
Schedule formats
9. Construction Drawings
Clarity=Common Sense + Coordination
Incomplete Drawings
Generate lots of ????’s
Produce un-intended results
Inaccurate Drawings
Generate lots of field errors
Cost lots of $$$
Avoid
Redundant information
Omissions
Unnecessary information
10. Construction Drawings
Shop Drawings & Submittals
Architects drawings show design intent only
They are not supposed to be 100% complete
Contractors achieve the design intent by making the
selections based on the drawings
Contractors submits shop drawings and other related
information (product data and samples) to the architect
The architect approves these submittals for compliance
with design intent only
This topic is discussed later in the course in more detail
11. Construction Specifications
All of the written documentation for a
project is found in the project manual:
Bid Forms and Instructions to bidders
Owner – Contractor Agreement
Conditions for Construction
Miscellaneous Forms
Project Specifications
12. Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)
Specifications define the qualitative requirements of
materials and products.
The Construction Specifications Institute (CSI) has
developed a numbering and titling format used to
organize all construction information including
specifications.
The MasterFormat, provides a means of coordinating
that information with a contractor's submittals, cost
accounting systems, material filing, and requests for
interpretation.
http://www.csinet.org
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19. Site Plans
Site plans are generally started very early in the process
of preparing a set of construction documents.
This helps the consultants on the job by providing them
with information that is necessary for their work to
progress.
It also helps the architect by getting some of the drafting
work done before the final phase of the project.
Site plans generally do not contain a great deal of cross-
references to other drawings in the document set, but
they do contain references to a number of details that
will need to be prepared for the detail sheet or book
20. Site Plans - General Information
Site plans can be among the simplest or the
most complex construction drawings to execute.
The degree of difficulty will depend on the extent
of work that the architect chooses to do
personally.
There are 3 distinct parts to a site plan
the architectural site plan
the landscape site plan
the grading site plan.
One or all of these site plans may be done by
the architect; separate sheets may be required.
21. architectural site plan
The architectural site plan shows features
of the site that are of architectural
importance, as opposed to features that
would be important for landscaping or
grading purposes.
Also included would be engineering
features that would have an architectural
impact, such as transformers, exterior
lighting, fire hydrants, and so forth.
22. landscape site plan
The landscape site plan shows features that are
of importance to the landscaping contractor. A
listing of all plant materials should be included
that shows plant type, size, and quantity desired.
Notes covering the fates of existing trees and
shrubs should also be included.
On some simpler projects this plan may be
combined with the architectural site plan.
Frequently, however, this drawing will be
prepared by an outside consultant and will not
be included as a construction document that is
prepared by the architect
23. grading site plan
The grading site plan shows the grading aspects of the
site. On certain simpler projects this plan may be
combined with the architectural site plan. Frequently,
however, the grading site plan will be prepared by an
outside consultant and will not be included as a
construction document supplied by the architect.
The grading site plan also must include two general
notes.
The first note provides the date that the survey for the site was
per formed and the name of the group that did the work.
The second note makes reference to the soils report for the
project, stating that the report, although not bound into the
construction documents, is considered a part of the set
24. Drawing the Site Plan - General
When drafting a site plan, you should imagine
taking an aerial photograph of the site. The
exception to this view is the building itself.
Although some architects like to draft the roof of
the building onto the site plan and thus remove
the need to draft a separate roof plan, it is
preferable to separate the two drawings for a
clearer presentation.
When using this method, you should draft a
heavy outline of the building's footprint onto the
site plan
25. Drawing the Site Plan - Scale
Site plans should be shown at a scale that
will provide an adequate and clear
presentation of all of the required
information.
You should note that site plans make use
of engineers' scales instead of architects'
scales.
Appropriate scales include, but are not
limited to, l" = 20'-0"and 1" = 40'-0".
26. Drawing the Site Plan - Dimensioning
In dimensioning site plans it is typical to
use decimal notation rather than feet and
inches.
Using decimal notation will also make it
easier for you to cross-reference the
numerous types of site plans.
Dimensions indicated should be the actual
dimensions
27. Drawing the Site Plan - Orientation
Site plans should always be oriented on a sheet
in such a way that the north arrow is pointing
either up or to the right (pointing up is the most
typical orientation). This is the convention in the
building and engineering professions.
The site plan should be located slightly above
and to the right of the center of the sheet. This
allows space at the bottom of the sheet for notes
to be added if necessary
28. Appropriate Notes and Symbols
These notes and symbols are broken into two categories: architectural site plan and grading site
plan.
Architectural Site Plan
The property line for the site should be shown as a series of long heavy lines with two dashes. The
information concerning the location of the property line should be taken from the site survey.
A heavy outline of the building's footprint should be shown.
The finished floor elevation of the ground level should be labeled inside of this footprint with a bullet.
All names of streets that adjoin the property should be labeled.
All utility lines as well as power poles, transformers, traffic signal's and manholes should be copied
from the survey onto the site plan.
All concrete walks should have their expansion joints drafted labeled "EJ”.
Contraction joints should also be drafted but need not be labeled.
29. Dimensions should be in generally continuous strings (ones that run for more or less the entire length
of the drawing). Short strings should be avoided. Dimension strings that are intended to locate the
building should intersect the property lines to give them a logical frame of reference.
Dimension
strings for other
site features
should intersect
either the building
or the property
lines.
30.
31. Phase I
As is the case with all construction documents, the first phase of the drawing usually requires
the most actual drafting. The plus side of this is the fact that most of this initial work is relatively
easy, as it is primarily an execution of known items from the design phase of the project.
The Phase I drawing shows
the site and its property lines
as well as the surrounding
roadways. The general
configuration of the parking
is also shown. At this point
the only architectural site
feature shown is the
preliminary outline of the
concrete walk.
The drawing is next given its
title and scale, and
information in the title block
is filled in properly. With this
information complete, the
site plan is now at a stage of
completion that will allow the
engineering consultants to
begin more serious work on
their parts of the construction
document set.
32.
33. Phase 2
The second phase of the site plan documentation reflects a substantial step forward in terms of
drawing refinement. The parking areas are completed and dimensioned (including radius
information).
The concrete
walks are
dimensioned and
noted, and some
of the architectural
features such as
benches are
added.
Engineering
features that will
have a direct
impact on the
architectural
nature of the
project are added
to the drawing at
this stage. These
include the
locations of the
transformer as well
as site lighting.
34.
35. Detail cuts refer to
details that would
be drafted
concurrent to the
completion of the
site plan. We are
assuming that the
grading for the site
is by an outside
consultant.
Therefore,
references to
items such as
manholes and
catch basins are
not included. If the
grading were to be
incorporated onto
the architectural
site plan, these
items would need
to be included.
Phase III
Phase 3 reflects the addition of notes, detail cuts, and material indications. The amount of work
needed to do material indications for a site plan is modest. If time is a constraint, material
indications can be eliminated.
36.
37. Completed Site Plan
Miscellaneous notes are also added during this phase of the
drawing. Included are the references to the soils report and to the
survey.
It is important to include descriptions of any items that might not
have been detailed previously due to time constraints. The reason
for this is simple:
When a set of construction documents is released for bid, the contractor
estimates how much the project will cost to build based on the
construction documents and the project specification.
Typically, a contractor will be hired based on the bid that is given.
Contractors are reluctant to "give away" items that were not originally
included in the construction documents.
Neither are owners generally anxious to spend more than the amount
that was originally set forth in the contractor's bid.
By including notes about un-detailed items, the architect is assured
that an allowance will be made for each item, and that items will not
have to be eliminated because of an oversight.
You should check all documents at their final phase of completion,
verifying all dimension strings and detail references.