1. Introduction to Construction Industry
Introduction to Drawing
English
By Awesome
Civil and Structural Engineering
Muhammad Nazmi
Muhammad Fareez Sham
Muhammad Areeb
Saw E Sean
Zheng Xiang
Farah Sham
Shamil Nafiz
1
TUTORS:
9. Before Construction 9
survey reports, maps, drawings, blueprints,
aerial photography and other topographical
or geologic data.
Analyze data such as
Plan and design transportation, hydraulic
systems and structures using software and
drawings.
10. Before Construction 10
Compute load and grade requirements,
water flow rates and material stress factors to
determine design specifications.
Follow construction and government
standards. To ensure
that its safe
Establish Communication with clients
and other involved in the project.
12. During Construction 12
Involve in surveying to establish reference
points, grades, and elevations to guide
construction.
Direct construction, operations, and
maintenance activities at project site.
13. During Construction 13
Maintain effective communication
among authorities and everyone involve
in the construction.
Inspect project sites to monitor progress to
ensure everything is up to standard.
15. After Construction 15
Prepare all necessary
documents as well as make a
completion drawing
List out all defects to be improved/fixed
during defect liability period
Keep maintenance of the
structural aspect of the building.
17. Structural drawing
This drawing is the preparation
for the reinforcement drawing.
Enabling the construction of that structure
on site.
Used to progress the Architect’s concept by
specifying the shape and position of all parts
of the structure
27. Tender Drawing 27
Prepared early in the building process and is used
for developing bids.
The tender drawings prepared by the civil engineer are used
as a reference by the contractor and sometime for them to
calculate the quantity of concrete, reinforcement etc.
One of the content from the tender documents.
Other contents would be the bill of quantities and
specifications.
28. Tender Drawing 28
The tender drawings prepared by the engineer
usually comprise of structural drawings.
Example of structural drawings are:
THE FOUNDATION PILING OR
FOOTING OF THE BUILDINGS,
COLUMNS, BEAMS AND SLABS.
29. 29
This tender drawing is design by architect and the structural input by the civil
engineer from the architect’s concept.
32. Contact Drawing 32
After the bidding process the tender drawings will
be used as the contract drawings.
For some projects , if tendering has been straightforward
without any changes, the contract drawings will be used the
same as tender drawings again.
The quantity surveyor will bind all the contract
drawings prepared by the architect and engineer,
the priced bills of quantities and the specifications
to form a legally binding contract documents.
35. Working Drawing
35
Generally more detailed than tender and contract
drawings.
For simple projects, the working drawings may not
differ from tender or contract drawings.
For very large projects, working drawings need to
be much more detailed than previous drawings.
40. Contact Drawing 40
Final set of drawings made in a
building project and their purpose is
to record the project as it was built.
Unplanned changes are likely to
have been made that diverge from
the working drawings.
These alterations may be due to unforeseen
site conditions or budgetary concerns.
Even the smallest variations are
recorded in completion drawings.
44. ReferenceWEBSITE
• The Institution of Structural Engineers. (2015). What is Structural Engineering? Retrieved (February
9,2015) from Istructe’s website:
http://www.istructe.org/education/structural-engineering-explained
• The Institution of Civil Engineers . (2015). What is Civil Engineering? Retrieved (February 9,2015) from
ICE’s website:
http://www.ice.org.uk/What-is-civil-engineering
• Cairns, C. (2014, March). Structural Engineer Job Description. Retrieved (February 21,2015) from
prospects.ac.uk website:
http://www.prospects.ac.uk/structural_engineer_job_description.htm
• Niru, P. (2014, October 7). Classifications of Civil Engineering Drawings and Interpreting Engineering
Drawings. Retrieved (February 29,2015) from praveenniru’s hubpage website:
http://praveenniru.hubpages.com/hub/Classification-of-Civil-Engineering-Drawings-and-Importance-
of-engineering-drawings
• Unknown. (2013, July 18). Structural Engineers: Roles and Responsibilities. Retrieved (February 10,2015)
from jobs.co.uk website:
http://www.ncejobs.co.uk/article/structural-engineers-roles-and-responsibilities/
INTERVIEW
• SHAM, S. CONSTRUCTION MANAGER.(IDAGA BINA).NO.34A,JALAN KOTA RAJA E 27/E,HICOM TOWN
CENTRE,SEKSYEN 27,40400 SHAH ALAM,SELANGOR.03-51926845/0193264417.RETRIEVED INFORMATION
ON( FEB 29,2015).
45. 45
CD DESIGN COVER
Muhammad Nazmi
Muhammad Fareez Sham
Muhammad Areeb
Saw E Sean
Zheng Xiang
Farah Sham
Shamil Nafiz
QSB30105 – introduction to construction industry
Ms. Ann See Peng
ARC30103 – introduction to drawing
Ms. Sufina Abu Bakar
ELG30505 – English I
Ms. Thivilojana A/P Perinpasingam
Civil and Structural Engineering
FNBE0115
