The document discusses the design and components of a wind turbine for power generation. It describes the key parts of a wind turbine including the generator, blades, hub, tower, and how it is connected to the electric grid. The generator converts the kinetic energy of the rotating blades into electrical energy. Blades are made of composite materials and their shape and count are optimized for aerodynamic efficiency. The tower needs to be tall to access stronger winds higher above the ground.
Wind Power Plant Presentation (Seminar PPT) Jay Sonar
Power Point Presentation On Wind Energy and Wind Turbine & Its Components. Full Seminar Presentation For Diploma And Engineering Students. Easy and Understandable Format.
Thanks. Follow & keep Presenting.
Wind Power Plant Presentation (Seminar PPT) Jay Sonar
Power Point Presentation On Wind Energy and Wind Turbine & Its Components. Full Seminar Presentation For Diploma And Engineering Students. Easy and Understandable Format.
Thanks. Follow & keep Presenting.
Geothermal energy
Its a very vast growing energy sector in world many country and use this energy for their country
This slide shows how and where it done.
A wind mill converts the kinetic energy of moving air into Mechanical energy that can be either used directly to run the Machine or to run the generator to produce electricity.
Wind energy is playing a critical role in the establishment of an environmentally sustainable low carbon economy. This paper presents an overview of wind turbine generator technologies and compares their advantages and drawbacks used for wind energy utilization. Traditionally, DC machines, synchronous machines and squirrel-cage induction machines have been used for small scale power generation. For medium and large wind turbines (WTs), the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) is currently the dominant technology while permanent magnet (PM), switched reluctance and high temperature superconducting generators are all extensively researched and developed over the years. In this paper, the topologies and features of these machines are discussed with special attention given to their practical considerations involved in the design, control and operation. It is hoped that this paper provides quick reference guidelines for developing wind turbine generation systems.
Class-13 These slides majorly focus on wind turbine components and wind turbine characteristics. Later based on this basic idea, we will discuss about the various control strategies for wind generators.
Design of PVC Bladed Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Low Wind Speed RegionIJERA Editor
The Project is aimed at designing a wind turbine that can be able to build by Laypersons, using readily available material which is feasible & affordable to provide much needed electricity. Since most of the high wind power density regions in the zone of high wind speed are already being tapped by large scale wind turbine and so it required creating a large scope for the development of low wind speed turbines. Our study focuses primarily on designing the blade for tapping power in the regions of low wind power density. The aerodynamic profiles of wind turbine blades have major influence on aerodynamic efficiency of wind turbine. This can be achieved by comparing the effectiveness of a crude blade fashioned from a different Size, Material & standard of PVC drainage pipe which are easily available in market. It can be evaluated by performing experimental analysis, data collection & its evaluation on different type & size of PVC Pipe & preparing an analytical tool for best Design.
Las energias renovables han dado una recolucion en los ultimos tiempos, pero que hay de la energia eolica? Que es lo que hace que sea una alternativa para generar energía sin perjudicar el medio ambiente? Pros y contras, veras en este documento
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
2. Group Members
1 ABHILASH D. DASH
2 ABHISEK DAS
3 ABHISEK PANIGRAHI
4 AMIYA RANJAN PATRA
5 ARDHENDU S. JENA
6
7
8
ASHUTOSH MAHAPATRA
BANDAN S. PRADHAN
SURYA P. LENKA
3. Contents
Introduction
Design principle
Generator
Blades
The Hub
Blade counts
Blade materials
Yawing
Tower height
Connection to the electric grid
Foundation
Cost
Specification of design
Safety concerns
4. Introduction
Electricity generation is the process of generating electric energy from
other forms of energy.
The fundamental principles of electricity generation were discovered
during the 1820s and early 1830s by the British scientist Michael
Faraday.
Electricity is most often generated at a power station by
electromechanical generators, primarily driven by heat engines fueled
by chemical combustion or nuclear fission but also by other means such
as the kinetic energy of flowing water and wind.
Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of
energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity, windmills for
mechanical power, wind pumps for water pumping or drainage,
or sails to propel ships.
The total amount of economically extractable power available from the
wind is considerably more than present human power use from all
sources.
5. Design principle
There are a lot of them out there in an amazing variety of designs
and complexities. All of them had five things in common though:
1. A generator
2. Blades
3. A tower to get it up into the wind
We reduced the project to just four little systems.
A Plastic blade attached with the motors sharp and fixed it on a
wood stick.
The o/p terminal of the motor is connected to a battery.
When wind blows that turbine rotates and electricity generates and
that stored in the battery.
That battery o/p is connected to LED lights through a switch. This
led works here as a street light.
6. Generator
In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts mechanical
energy to electrical energy for use in an external circuit.
. Generators provide nearly all of the power for electric power grids.
Electromagnetic generators fall into one of two broad categories,
dynamos and alternators
Dynamos generate direct current, usually with voltage and/or current
fluctuations, usually through the use of a commutator.
Alternators generate alternating current, which may be rectified by
another (external or directly incorporated) system.
7.
8. GENERATOR
Mechanical:
Rotor: The rotating part of an electrical machine
Stator: The stationary part of an electrical machine
Electrical:
Armature: The power-producing component of an electrical machine. In
a generator, alternator, or dynamo the armature windings generate the
electric current. The armature can be on either the rotor or the stator.
Field: The magnetic field component of an electrical machine. The
magnetic field of the dynamo or alternator can be provided by either
electromagnets or permanent magnets mounted on either the rotor or the
stator.
9. Blades
The ratio between the speed of the blade tips and the speed of the wind is called tip
speed ratio.
. High efficiency 3-blade-turbines have tip speed/wind speed ratios of 6 to 7.
. Modern wind turbines are designed to spin at varying speeds (a consequence of
their generator design, see above).
Use of aluminum and composite materials in their blades has contributed to
low rotational inertia, which means that newer wind turbines can accelerate quickly if
the winds pick up, keeping the tip speed ratio more nearly constant.
The reduction of noise is linked to the detailed aerodynamics of the blades,
especially factors that reduce abrupt stalling.
A blade can have a lift-to-drag ratio of 120,compared to 70 for a sailplane and 15
for an airliner.
11. The Hub
In simple designs, the blades are directly bolted to the hub and hence are
stalled.
In other more sophisticated designs, they are bolted to the pitch
mechanism, which adjusts their angle of attack according to the wind speed
to control their rotational speed.
The pitch mechanism is itself bolted to the hub.
The hub is fixed to the rotor shaft which drives the generator directly or
through a gearbox.
12.
13. Blade counts
The number of blades is selected for aerodynamic efficiency, component
costs, and system reliability.
Theoretically, an infinite number of blades of zero width is the most
efficient, operating at a high value of the tip speed ratio, But other
considerations lead to a compromise of only a few blades.
System reliability is affected by blade count primarily through the
dynamic loading of the rotor into the drive train and tower systems.
In addition, the fewer the number of blades, the higher the rotational
speed can be , this is because blade stiffness requirements to avoid
interference with the tower limit how thin the blades can be
manufactured, but only for upwind machines.
Aesthetics can be considered a factor in that some people find that the
three-bladed rotor is more pleasing to look at than a one- or two-bladed
rotor.
14. Blade materials
Wood and canvas sails were used on early windmills due to their low
price, availability, and ease of manufacture.
Smaller blades can be made from light metals such as aluminium.
Manufacturing blades in the 40 to 50 metre range involves proven
fibreglass composite fabrication techniques.
Manufactures such as Nordex and GE Wind use an infusion process.
Other manufacturers use variations on this technique, some
including carbon and wood with fibreglass in an epoxy matrix.
Other options include prepreg fibreglass and vacuum-assisted resin
transfer molding.
Epoxy-based composites have environmental, production, and cost
advantages over other resin systems.
15. Yawing
Modern large wind turbines are typically actively controlled to face the wind
direction measured by a wind vane situated on the back of the nacelle.
By minimizing the yaw angle (the misalignment between wind and turbine
pointing direction), the power output is maximized and non-symmetrical loads
minimized.
However, since the wind direction varies quickly the turbine will not strictly
follow the direction and will have a small yaw angle on average.
The power output losses can simply be approximated to fall with (cos (yaw
angle))3.
Particularly at low-to-medium wind speeds, yawing can make a significant
reduction in turbine output, with wind direction variations of ±30° being quite
common and long response times of the turbines to changes in wind direction.
At high wind speeds, the wind direction is less variable.
16. Tower height
Wind velocities increase at higher altitudes due to surface aerodynamic
drag (by land or water surfaces) and the viscosity of the air.
Doubling the altitude of a turbine, then, increases the expected wind speeds by
10% and the expected power by 34%.
To avoid buckling, doubling the tower height generally requires doubling the
diameter of the tower as well, increasing the amount of material by a factor of
at least four.
For HAWTs, tower heights approximately two to three times the blade length
have been found to balance material costs of the tower against better utilisation
of the more expensive active components.
. A 3 MW turbine may increase output from 5,000 MWh to 7,700 MWh per
year by going from 80 to 125 meter tower height.
Wood is being investigated as a material for wind turbine towers, and a 100
metre tall tower supporting a 1.5 MW turbine has been erected in Germany.
17. Connection to the electric grid
As of 2003, nearly all grid-connected wind turbines operate at exactly constant speed
(synchronous generators) or within a few percent of constant speed (induction
generators).
many operational wind turbines used fixed speed induction generators (FSIG).
Variable-speed wind turbines can produce more power than the current wind conditions
can support, by storing some wind energy as kinetic energy (accelerating during brief
gusts of faster wind) and later converting that kinetic energy to electric energy
(decelerating, either when more power is needed elsewhere, or during short lulls in the
wind, or both) damping (electrical) sub synchronous resonances in the grid damping
(mechanical) resonances in the tower.
The generator in a wind turbine produces alternating current (AC) electricity. Some
turbines drive an AC/AC converter—which converts the AC to direct current (DC) with
a rectifier and then back to AC with an inverter—in order to match the frequency and
phase of the grid.
However, the most common method in large modern turbines is to instead use a doubly
fed induction generator directly connected to the electricity grid.
18.
19. Wind turbine foundations
Wind turbines, by their nature, are very tall slender structures , this can cause a number
of issues when the structural design of the foundations are considered.
The foundations for a conventional engineering structure are designed mainly to
transfer the vertical load (dead weight) to the ground, this generally allows for a
comparatively unsophisticated arrangement to be used.
In the case of wind turbines, due to the high wind and environmental loads experienced
there is a significant horizontal dynamic load that needs to be appropriately restrained.
In the current Det Norske Veritas (DNV) guidelines for the design of wind turbines the
angular deflection of the foundations are limited to 0.5°.
DNV guidelines regarding earthquakes suggest that horizontal loads are larger than
vertical loads for offshore wind turbines, while guidelines for tsunamis only suggest
designing for maximum sea waves.
20. Costs
The modern wind turbine is a complex and integrated system.
Structural elements comprise the majority of the weight and cost.
All parts of the structure must be inexpensive, lightweight, durable, and
manufacturable , under variable loading and environmental conditions.
Turbine systems that have fewer failures , require less maintenance, are
lighter and last longer will lead to reducing the cost of wind energy.
One way to achieve this is to implement well-documented, validated
analysis codes, according to a 2011 report from a coalition of researchers
from universities, industry, and government, supported by the Atkinson
Center for a Sustainable Future.
The major parts of a modern turbine may cost (percentage of total) :
tower 22%, blades 18%, gearbox 14%, generator 8%.
21. Design specification
The design specification for a wind-turbine will contain a power curve
and guaranteed availability.
With the data from the wind resource assessment it is possible to
calculate commercial viability. The typical operating temperature range is
−20 to 40 °C (−4 to 104 °F).
In areas with extreme climate (like Inner Mongolia or Rajasthan)
specific cold and hot weather versions are required.Wind turbines can be
designed and validated according to IEC 61400 standards.
22. SAFETY CONCERNS
All wind turbines have a maximum wind speed, called the survival
speed, at which they will not operate above.
When winds over this maximum occur, they have an internal brake
and lock to prevent them from going faster than this survival speed.
For turbines operating in cold winter conditions, be prepared to de-ice
as required, and store batteries in an insulated place.
Mounting turbines on rooftops is generally not recommended unless a
wind turbine is very small (1 kW of rated output or less).
Wind turbines tend to vibrate and transmit the vibration to the
structure on which they are mounted,as a result, turbines mounted on
a rooftop could lead to both noise and structural problems with the
building and rooftop.