Wi Fi is a wireless networking technology that uses radio waves to provide wireless internet access. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) develops standards for electronics and computer science, including the 802.11 standards used for different generations of Wi Fi technology. IEEE 802.11ac is the latest standard and introduced features like multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) and wider channel bandwidths up to 160MHz for significantly increased data rates up to 6.93Gbps. Proper testing of a Wi Fi network is required to ensure signal coverage, performance, and security requirements are met.

1. Wi Fi

2. What is Wi Fi
Wireless Fidelity Wireless
network
A type of wireless
communication system

3. IEEE
 IEEE stands for ‘Institute of Electrical and
Electronics Engineer’
 PURPOSE
DEVELOPS
DEFINES REVIEWS
ELECTRONICS &
COMPUTER SCIENCE
STANDARDS

4. History Of IEEE
‘To foster technological innovation and excellence
for the benefit of humanity.’
AIEE
(1884)
IRE
(1912)
IEEE
(1963)

5. IEEE Standards
 .
Published
documents of
specifications &
procedures of
various
products
Understand &
compare
competing
products
globally
Forms
fundamental
building blocks
for product
development

6. Some IEEE Standards

7. IEEE Standard for
Wi Fi
 IEEE 802.11 : a series of Wi Fi standards
used for wireless
networking
 IEEE 802 is a collection of standards
that covers the physical and data link
layer

8. OSI Layers

9. Various Wi Fi standards
Name Standard
Address
Speed
(Mbps)
Frequency
(GHz)
Radio Design
WiFi 1 802.11b 11 2.4 SISO
WiFi 2 802.11a 6-24 5 SISO
WiFi 3 802.11g 54 2.4 SISO
WiFi 4 802.11n 100 2.4 , 2.5 MIMO
WiFi 5 802.11ac 1300 5 MU MIMO
WiFi 6 3500 6 MU MIMO

10. IEEE Standard 802.11ac
Ratification Year 2014*
IEEE Standard 802.11ac
Channel Bandwidth 20/40/80/160 MHz
Radio Design MU MIMO
Maximum Spatial Streams 8
Maximum Data Rate 6.93 Gbps

11. Advantages of 802.11ac
Rate at Range Data Rate
Multi User
Performance

12. Rate at Range

13. MU MIMO
 Parallel transport
 Data transmission to multiple clients at same frequency
spectra and time

14. High Precision and Sensitivity
 802.11ac uses 256 QAM
(33% more data)
 more sensitive Rx & high
precision Tx
 supports lower level QAM
also for extended range
transmission

15. 80 & 160 MHz Channel Width
 40 MHz channel + 40 MHz
channel =80 MHz channel
 117% increase in data rate
over 40 MHz
 80 MHz channel+
 80 MHz channel=
 160 MHz channel
 333% gain in date rate over
40 MHz

16. Antenna for Wireless Comm.
What is antenna?
 Tx Rx
 It is basic component of any electrical signal
 Provides connection between Tx and Rx .
ELECTRICAL
SIGNAL
Electromagnetic/
Radio Signal

17. CHARACTERISTICS
GAIN
POLARISATION
RADIATION
PATTERN
DIRECTIVITY
IMPEDANCE
MATCHING

18. Types of Antenna
ANTENNA
OMNI DIRECTIONAL DIRECTIONAL
SEMI
DIRECTIONAL
HIGHLY
DIRECTIONAL

19. Radiation
Pattern

20. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Mobility of the Application
Physical Environment
Access to network
connections
Warehouse use case
Small office or small retail store
Enterprise or Large retail store
Apartment complex back-haul
(point to point)

21. 802.11ac Wave 1 & Wave 2
FEATURES WAVE 1 WAVE 2
Radio Design SU MIMO MU MIMO
MIMO Spatial
Stream
3 streams 4 streams
Modulation 256 QAM 256 QAM
Operating Band 5 GHz 5GHz
A-MPDU Frame
Aggregation
1 Mbyte 1 Mbyte
Max. Data Rate 1300 Mbps 3467 Mbps

22. Some Major Key Changes
FEATURES 802.11ac Wave 1 802.11ac Wave 2
MU MIMO NO SUPPORTED
Adjacent
Channel Bonding
80 MHz 160 MHz
Non Adjacent
Channel Bonding
NO 80+80
Dynamic
Bandwidth
NO SUPPORTED

23. 802.11ac
WAVE 2 Offers....

24. CHANNEL BONDING
FCC CHANNEL BONDING

25. APPLICATIONS
 WAVE 1  WAVE 2

26. TESTING A Wi Fi
 WHY REQUIRED?
 RF signals & EM signal usage makes it necessary to test
connection before starting.
 After installing ,to ensure that connection satisfies
requirements.
 During operations and maintenance, when troubleshooting
problems occurs necessary to perform testing.

27. FORMS OF TESTING
1. SIGNAL COVERAGE TESTING:
Whether client devices are able
 to satisfy coverage requirements
 Done after network is installed to
 determine installed signal
 coverage.
2.PERFORMANCE TEST:
Whether the Wi Fi can provide
specific applications to the users
3. IN- MOTION TESTING:
Whether user can continue to
make use of applications while
roaming throughout the
coverage area

28. 4.SECURITY VULNERABILITY
TESTING:
Ensures protection to
unauthorised access and passive
monitoring
5. ACCEPTANCE / VERIFICATION
TESTING:
If installed by any contractor,
ensure that Wi Fi satisfies all
Requirements .
6.SIMULATION TESTING:
Testing done before installing the
Wi Fi(Generally for very large
Connections where critical
performance is required. )
7. PROTOTYPE TESTING:
Testing individual function of
wireless connection
(Before deploying complete
System)
8. PILOT TESTING:
Use in particular building,
before installing in entire
Organisation.