Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a general term for a family of transmission technologies for delivery of voice communications over IP networks such as the Internet or other packet-switched networks.
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a general term for a family of transmission technologies for delivery of voice communications over IP networks such as the Internet or other packet-switched networks.
VoIP is one of a family of internet technologies and transmission technologies for delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks.
FB: https://www.facebook.com/mstfahsin
Voice over Internet Protocol (Voice over IP, VoIP and IP telephony) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. The terms Internet telephony, broadband telephony, and broadband phone service specifically refer to the provisioning of communications services (voice, fax, SMS, voice-messaging) over the public Internet, rather than via the public switched telephone network (PSTN).The steps and principals involved in originating VoIP telephone calls are similar to traditional digital telephony and involve signaling, channel setup, digitization of the analog voice signals, and encoding.
Introduction for telecommunication technology basic terms and concepts.
Referring the wikipedia, Slideshare and lecture note of Fudan university.
I got a reference documents from Google.
Introduction to VoIP, 2nd chapter of "Unified Communications with Elastix" Vol.1
We recommend to read the chapter along with the presentation.
http://elx.ec/chapter2
Overview of VoIP (Voice over IP) and FoIP (Fax over IP) technologies like Session Initiation Protocol and H.323.
Even though voice over IP (VoIP) was hailed as a technological innovation, the idea to transport real-time traffic over TCP/IP networks was not new back in the 1990s when VoIP started being deployed in networks. Chapter 2.5 of the venerable RFC793 (TCP) shows both data oriented application traffic as well as voice being transported over IP based networks.
Nevertheless, VoIP puts high demands on signal and protocol processing capabilities so it became possible at reasonable costs only in the 1990s.
VoIP can be roughly split into two main functions. Signaling protocols like SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), H.323 and MGCP/H.248 are used to establish a conference session and the data path for transporting real-time voice data packets. SIP has largely supplanted H.323 in recent years to its simpler structure and packet sequences. MGCP and H.248 are mostly used in carrier backbone networks.
Protocols like RTP (Real Time Protocol) transport voice packets and provide the necessary information for receivers to equalize packet flow variations to provide a smooth playback of the original voice signal.
Voice codecs are one of the core functions of the data path. Voice compression reduces the bandwidth required to transport voice over an IP based network. Compression may be less of a concern in local area networks with gigabit speeds, on slower links like 3G (UMTS, LTE) it still makes a lot of sense.
The algorithms used in different codecs make use of various characteristics of the characteristics of human speech recognition. Redundant information is removed from the signals thus slightly reducing the quality, but greatly reducing the required bandwidth.
In VoIP networks, the echo problem is typically compounded by the increased delay incurred by packetization of voice signals. To counteract the echo problem, VoIP gear (hard phones, soft phones, gateways) include echo cancelers to remove echo signals from the transmit signal.
To transport facsimile over an IP based network, even more technology is needed. Facsimile protocols are very susceptible to delay and delay variation and thus need more compensation algorithms. Protocols like T.38 terminate facsimile protocols like T.30 (analog facsimile) and transport the fax images as digitized pictures over IP based networks.
VoIP is one of a family of internet technologies and transmission technologies for delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks.
FB: https://www.facebook.com/mstfahsin
Voice over Internet Protocol (Voice over IP, VoIP and IP telephony) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. The terms Internet telephony, broadband telephony, and broadband phone service specifically refer to the provisioning of communications services (voice, fax, SMS, voice-messaging) over the public Internet, rather than via the public switched telephone network (PSTN).The steps and principals involved in originating VoIP telephone calls are similar to traditional digital telephony and involve signaling, channel setup, digitization of the analog voice signals, and encoding.
Introduction for telecommunication technology basic terms and concepts.
Referring the wikipedia, Slideshare and lecture note of Fudan university.
I got a reference documents from Google.
Introduction to VoIP, 2nd chapter of "Unified Communications with Elastix" Vol.1
We recommend to read the chapter along with the presentation.
http://elx.ec/chapter2
Overview of VoIP (Voice over IP) and FoIP (Fax over IP) technologies like Session Initiation Protocol and H.323.
Even though voice over IP (VoIP) was hailed as a technological innovation, the idea to transport real-time traffic over TCP/IP networks was not new back in the 1990s when VoIP started being deployed in networks. Chapter 2.5 of the venerable RFC793 (TCP) shows both data oriented application traffic as well as voice being transported over IP based networks.
Nevertheless, VoIP puts high demands on signal and protocol processing capabilities so it became possible at reasonable costs only in the 1990s.
VoIP can be roughly split into two main functions. Signaling protocols like SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), H.323 and MGCP/H.248 are used to establish a conference session and the data path for transporting real-time voice data packets. SIP has largely supplanted H.323 in recent years to its simpler structure and packet sequences. MGCP and H.248 are mostly used in carrier backbone networks.
Protocols like RTP (Real Time Protocol) transport voice packets and provide the necessary information for receivers to equalize packet flow variations to provide a smooth playback of the original voice signal.
Voice codecs are one of the core functions of the data path. Voice compression reduces the bandwidth required to transport voice over an IP based network. Compression may be less of a concern in local area networks with gigabit speeds, on slower links like 3G (UMTS, LTE) it still makes a lot of sense.
The algorithms used in different codecs make use of various characteristics of the characteristics of human speech recognition. Redundant information is removed from the signals thus slightly reducing the quality, but greatly reducing the required bandwidth.
In VoIP networks, the echo problem is typically compounded by the increased delay incurred by packetization of voice signals. To counteract the echo problem, VoIP gear (hard phones, soft phones, gateways) include echo cancelers to remove echo signals from the transmit signal.
To transport facsimile over an IP based network, even more technology is needed. Facsimile protocols are very susceptible to delay and delay variation and thus need more compensation algorithms. Protocols like T.38 terminate facsimile protocols like T.30 (analog facsimile) and transport the fax images as digitized pictures over IP based networks.
Part of the Mobile Communications Resource Center, this is one of several presentations created by Michael Hanley for Ball State University's College of Communication, Information and Media. All rights are reserved.
Internet protocol (VoIP) is the technology of digitizing sound, compressing it, breaking it up into data packets, and sending it over an IP network.The conventional technique used for sending voice is PSTN (public switched telephone network) . As data traffic has higher speed than telephone traffic, so what we do most of the time we prefer to send voice over data networks. Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) is a method of telephone communication over a data network.
Wireless phone standards have a life of their own. You can tell, because they are spoken of reverently in terms of generations. There's Great-Granddad, whose pioneering story pre-dates cellular; Grandma and Grandpa 1G, or analog cellular, Mom and Dad 2G, or digital cellular; 3G wireless, 4G, 5G and so on. This is a survey report PPT on these technology.
IP specifies the format of packets, also called #datagrams, and the addressing scheme. Most networks combine IP with a higher-level protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which establishes a virtual connection between a destination and a source.
If you want to purchase the content e-mail me on dulith1989@gmail.com
A ppt on Mac Operating System by Apple. I've made this presentation simpler by changing the words in it to a simpler English which everyone can understand and explain it easily. For getting customized projects on Information Technology, contact at https://quvor.com
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol).pdfOkan YILDIZ
VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) transmits voice and multimedia content over an internet connection. VoIP allows users to make voice calls from a computer, smartphone, other mobile devices, special VoIP phones and WebRTC-enabled browsers. VoIP is a valuable technology for consumers and businesses, as it typically includes additional features that can't be found on standard phone services. These features include call recording, custom caller ID, and voicemail to e-mail. It is also helpful to organizations as a way to unify communications.
The process works similarly to a regular phone, but VoIP uses an internet connection instead of a telephone company's wiring. VoIP is enabled by a group of technologies and methodologies to deliver voice communications over the internet, including enterprise local area networks or wide area networks.
A VoIP service will convert a user's voice from audio signals to digital data and then send that data through the internet. If another user calls from a regular phone number, the signal is converted back to a telephone signal before reaching that user.
VoIP can also route incoming and outgoing calls through existing telephone networks. However, some VoIP services may only work over a computer or VoIP phone.
Voice over Internet Protocol with Novel Applicationsirjes
Internet Telephony, often denoted as Voice-over-Internet-Protocol (VoIP), has gained more and
more attention world-wide during the last decades. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology has become
a communication alternative with the continuous increasing of Internet bandwidth and rapid advancement of
peer-to-peer (P2P) applications.In this paper three types of VOIP are explained: (i) PC to PC : this is the easiest
way to use VOIP, which enables you to talk and communicate Voice over Internet with all people over the
world. (ii) PC to Phone: which need a gateway that connects IP Network to phone Network. Its uses a device
called an ATA (Analogue Telephone Adaptor).The ATA allows you to connect a standard phone to your
computer or your Internet connection for use with VOIP. The ATA is an analogue to digital converter. (iii)
Phone to Phone: Where you need more gateways that connect IP network to phone networks, more phone
networks that connect Telephone set to gateway, and IP network that connect gateway to gateway. This paper
also explains Internet Protocol (IP) that VOIP uses to transmit voice as packets over an IP network as follows:
H.323 Protocols that provides the technical requirements for voice communication over LANs, while assuming
that Quality of Service isn't provided by LANs. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) standard which is the standard
for establishing VOIP connections. This paper also explores Voice XML which is a markup language derived
from XML for writing telephone-based speech applications.In this paper also VoiceXML developed
environments(Gateways) are explained, where a list of all VoiceXML developers is included, and the most
popular VoiceXML development environments (Gateways) are explained in details.Finally, in this paper ten
VoiceXML applications are developed
Voice over IP (VoIP) is a methodology and group of technologies for the delivery of voice communications and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, such as the Internet. Other terms commonly associated with VoIP are IP telephony, Internet telephony, broadband telephony, and broadband phone service.
How to Optimize VoIP Call Quality Across Multiple Calling EnvironmentsAshik Jibon
A VoIP provider must be committed to working with you to find a resolution to VoIP challenges and able to help you successfully navigate VoIP across multiple calling environments now and in the future. Find a provider who has extensive experience in the VoIP softphone technology landscape. Visit us at Joon.us to learn more.
This guide will be a continuous and ongoing project from OneVoice to create an all
encompassing guide to VoIP Communications. The world of VoIP can often be a
confusing area to understand - and we hope that this guide will provide some high
level understanding, with supplementary technical information for those that want to
understand more detail.
The objective of study is to guarantee QoS for multiple service class traffic in a multiple connection environment and to examine a case of QoS deployment over a cellular WiMAX network. In particular, the thesis compares the performance how much bandwidth for voip
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Voice Over IP
Overview
VOIP uses the Internet Protocol (IP) to transmit voice
as packets over an IP network.
VOIP can be achieved on any data network that uses
IP, like the Internet, Intranets and Local Area Networks
(LAN).
The voice signal is digitized, compressed and
converted to IP packets and then transmitted over the IP
network.
VOIP services need only a regular phone connection,
while others allow you to make telephone calls using an
Internet connection instead.
Page 2
3. Voice Over IP
Definition of VOIP
VOIP is a technology that allows
telephone calls to be made over
computer networks like the Internet.
Page 3
4. Voice Over IP
Continue…
VoIP converts analog voice signals into
digital data packets and supports realtime, two-way transmission of
conversations using Internet Protocol
(IP).
Page 4
5. Voice Over IP
What is VOIP?
VoIP is actually a very simple technology.
But it is also powerful and as you will see it
can save you substantial money over
conventional phone calls via your usual
telephone operator (Telkom) that basically
does the same thing, but using their own
network to route your calls.
Page 5
6. Voice Over IP
Why VoIP?
Can make and receive calls with / without a
computer
Can surf the net while making calls
Can make local / long distance calls
Supports both the Voice and Data
Integrates other media like Video, Electronic
White Board
Flexibility
Reliable Services
Page 6
7. Voice Over IP
How does VOIP work ?
You place your call by dialing a telephone number to
any normal telephone number anywhere in the world.
A connection between you and the dialed number is
then established.
As you talk into your telephone handset your voice is
converted into digital data.
This data is then transmitted across the connection that
you have already established by dialing the other parties
telephone number.
Page 7
8. Voice Over IP
Continue…
The data is routed across the Internet using the same
standard computer language that the Internet uses - which
is called Internet Protocol (all computers connected to the
Internet understand and use this language to
communicate).
The data that was your voice is reconstituted on the other
side into normal analogue sound that human beings
understand.
Page 8
9. Voice Over IP
Continue…
VoIP calls can be made on the Internet using a VoIP
service provider and standard computer audio systems.
Alternatively, some service providers support VoIP
through ordinary telephones that use special adapters to
connect to a home computer network.
Many VoIP implementations are based on the H.323
Protocol.
Page 9
10. Voice Over IP
Protocols :
Voice over IP has been implemented in various ways
using both proprietary and open protocols and
standards. Examples of the network protocols used to
implement VoIP include:
H.323
Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP)
Session Description Protocol (SDP)
Inter-Asterisk eXchange (IAX)
Jingle XMPP VoIP extensions
Page 10
11. Voice Over IP – RFC 3714
What is H.323 protocol?
The H.323 protocol was one of the first VoIP
protocols that found widespread implementation
for long-distance traffic, as well as local area
network services. However, since the development
of newer, less complex protocols such as MGCP
and SIP, H.323 deployments are increasingly
limited to carrying existing long-haul network
traffic. In particular, the Session Initiation Protocol
(SIP) has gained widespread VoIP market
penetration.
Page 11
12. Voice Over IP
H.323 Protocol
An International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
standard that provides specification for computers,
equipment, and services for multimedia communication
over packet based networks that defines how real-time
audio, video and data information is transmitted.
H.323 is commonly used in VoIP, Internet Telephony, and
IP-based videoconferencing. Users can connect with
other users over the Internet and use arying products
that support H.323. This standard is based on the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Real-Time
Protocol (RTP) and Real-Time Control Protocol (RTCP),
with additional protocols for call signaling , and data and
audiovisual communications.
Page 12
14. Voice Over IP
Process of VOIP
The users voice (or fax) is converted into a digital
signal, compressed, and broken down into a series of
packets.
The packets are then transported over private or
public IP networks and reassembled and decoded on
the receiving side.
At the receiving end, the re-assembled packets arrive
as a normal sounding voice call.
Packet switching is very efficient. It lets the network
route the packets along the least congested and
cheapest lines. It also frees up the two computers
communicating with each other so that they can accept
information from other computers, as well.
Page 14
15. Voice Over IP
Continue…
Once the sound is recorded by the computer and
compressed into very small samples, the samples are
collected together into larger chunks and placed into
data packets for transmission over the IP network.
This process is referred to packetization. Generally, a
single IP packet will contain 10 or more milliseconds of
audio, with 20 or 30 milliseconds being most common.
Page 15
16. Voice Over IP
Ways Of Using VoIP
PC to PC
PC to Phone
Phone to PC
Phone to Phone
Page 16
19. Voice Over IP
The phone works – why bother with VoIP
user perspective
carrier perspective
variable compression: tin can to
broadcast quality no need for
dedicated lines
better codecs + silence suppression –
packet header overhead = maybe
reduced bandwidth
security through encryption
shared facilities simplify management,
redundancy
caller & talker identification
advanced services
better user interface (more than 12
keys, visual feedback, semantic rather
than stimulus)
cheaper bit switching
no local access fees (but dropping to
1c/min for PSTN)
fax as data rather than voiceband data
(14.4 kb/s)
adding video, application sharing is
easy
Page 19
20. Voice Over IP
Advantages of VOIP
Main advantage of VOIP is that the customer can make calls from
anywhere in the world where broadband internet connection is
available.
Greater Efficiency.
Another main advantage is the amount of money you end up saving
on your phone bills as compared to a traditional phone line.
Inexpensive and easy to use. Since it is simple, upgrading is
relatively simpler too.
You can integrate it with an existing phone connection.
With VOIP PC-to-PC, calls are free no matter the distance and PCto-Phone charges are nominal.
For a monthly fee you may make unlimited free calls within a
geographic area.
Page 20
21. Voice Over IP
Continue…
You may purchase a number in a geography area of your choice,
which works out very cheap. If your relatives and friends live in
Virginia and you moved to California, you may purchase a Virginia
number and make local calls to your loved ones.
You may access your VOIP account just like your email Id from any
where in the world as long as you have an internet phone. This
makes it easy for those who travel frequently to make calls
frequently to those back at home at local call rates, no matter where
they are.
You may call or message or do both at the same time with VOIP
services.
VOIP cost about half the cost of traditional phone services and it
seems that the taxes and surcharges are much lower. Also your bill
is easier to understand and it can be viewed via the Internet.
Page 21
22. Voice Over IP
Disadvantages
You must have high-speed internet access in order to
obtain VoIP phone service.
Loss of service during outages.
Without power VOIP phones are useless, so in case
of emergencies during power cuts it can be a major
disadvantage.
With VOIP emergency calls, it is hard to locate you
and send help in time.(Show video)
Page 22
23.
24. Voice Over IP
Continue..
Some times during calls, there may be
periods of silence when data is lost while it
is being unscrambled.
Latency and traffic.
No standard protocol is applicable.
Page 24
25. Voice Over IP
Continue…
VoIP packet loss occurs when a large
amount of traffic on the network causes
dropped packets. This results in dropped
conversations, a delay in receiving the
voice communication, or extraneous noise
on the call.
Page 25
26. Voice Over IP
Threats / Risks
Many of the threats associated with VoIP are similar to the
threats inherent to any internet application. Internet users are
already familiar with the nuisance of email abuse in the form of
spam and phishing attempts. VoIP opens yet another pathway for
these annoyances, which can lead to spam over internet telephony
(SPIT), spoofing, and identity theft. Additionally, the confidentiality of
VoIP conversations themselves has come into question, depending
on service type or VoIP configuration.
Spam over internet telephony (SPIT)
Spoofing
Confidentiality concerns
Page 26
27. Voice Over IP
How to Protect Against Risks
Use and maintain anti-virus and anti-spyware programs.
Be cautious about opening files attached to email messages or
instant messages.
Verify the authenticity and security of downloaded files and new
software.
Configure your web browser(s) securely.
Use a firewall.
Identify, back-up, and secure your personal or financial data.
Create and use strong passwords.
Patch and update your application software.
If you are using a software VoIP application, consider using
encryption software for both your installation and for those you wish
to talk to.
Page 27
28. Voice Over IP
Continue…
The disadvantages of VOIP could be annoying, but their effects are
relatively limited. The complaints of VOIP are usually tolerable if the
callers are using a free service. As the technology is advancing, we
will expect the VOIP quality will match the traditional telephone
technology.
These are some of advantages and
disadvantages of VOIP. All said and done,
we could say that the advantages of VOIP
outweigh the disadvantages of it.
Page 28
29. Voice Over IP
Name confusion
Commonly used interchangeably:
Internet telephony
Voice-over-IP (VoIP)
IP telephony (IPtel)
Also: VoP (any of ATM, IP, MPLS)
Some reserve Internet telephony for transmission across
the (public) Internet
Transmission of telephone services over IP-based
packet switched networks
Also includes video and other media, not just voice.
Page 29