The document summarizes the challenges to the post-Napoleonic "Concert of Europe" system established by the Congress of Vienna in 1815. It discusses the wave of revolutions that swept across Europe in the 1820s-1830s as liberal and nationalist aspirations were ignored. These included the Belgian Revolution of 1830 seeking independence from the Netherlands, and a Polish uprising in 1830 against Russian rule seeking autonomy. The July Revolution of 1830 in France replaced the ultra-royalist King Charles X with the more moderate "Citizen King" Louis Philippe, though it mainly benefited the middle class and not workers.
A brief look at the Congress of Vienna's main participants and some vocabulary. This was actually cobbled together from some other presentations I found on the web. My thanks to their creators.
In 1848, Europe wasswept by a series of simultaneous revolutions across the continent. Of the Great Powers, only Britain and Russia escaped the revolutionary upheaval. Although the revolutionary governments in Italy, France, Germany, and Austria were short-lived and conservative governments were re-established, the Revolutions of 1848 are seen as the end of the Age of Metternich and a turning point in European History.
A brief look at the Congress of Vienna's main participants and some vocabulary. This was actually cobbled together from some other presentations I found on the web. My thanks to their creators.
In 1848, Europe wasswept by a series of simultaneous revolutions across the continent. Of the Great Powers, only Britain and Russia escaped the revolutionary upheaval. Although the revolutionary governments in Italy, France, Germany, and Austria were short-lived and conservative governments were re-established, the Revolutions of 1848 are seen as the end of the Age of Metternich and a turning point in European History.
Considered the most attractive figure in the Romanov dynasty. Son of a Prussian princess, he had in him more Hohenzollern than Romanov traits, and found it hard to adopt the Russian way of life.
ICSE History Chapter No.1
The First War of Independence (1857)
Revolt of 1857
-Causes: Political, Socio-Religious, Economic & Military.
-Immediate Cause: Greasing the cartridges of Enfield Rifle with cow & pig fat, sentiments of soldiers were hurt, Mangal Pandey shot British officer and later Mangal Pandey was hung, this infuriated the Indian soldiers and they started the revolt.
-Consequences of the First War of Independence.
-Drawbacks of the First War of Independence.
When what one says is determined by what one sensually knows to be the case, then, the relationship existing between these two is said to be factual.
Such a factually based statement is said to truthfully represent that which it is referencing and that statement is called a truth.
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