The document outlines the essential components of writing a research proposal, including its purpose, elements like title, abstract, and methodology, as well as ethical considerations. It also discusses the importance of a literature review, research objectives, hypotheses, and key research questions. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for clarity and precision in presenting research findings and proposals.

2. GROUP MEMBERS
 ZARQ ALI
 MARYAM MANZOOR
 HUMA YAQOOB
 NIDA MAJEED

3. HOW TO WRITE A RESEARCH
PROPOSAL??

5. What is Research Proposal??

7. PURPOSES OF RESEARCH
PROPOSAL
To convince others.
To sell your idea.
To understand your
reader.
Know more about your
topic.

8. Elements of a Research Proposal
• Title
• Abstract
• Table of Content
• Introduction
• Review of the Related Literature
• Methodology
• Ethical/ Legal Consideration
• Objectives
• Hypothesis

10. TITLE
It should reflect the well defined aims of the
research. You should Avoid extremely long
title.
It should be:
• Precise and accurate
• Unambiguous

12. ABSTRACT
An abstract should briefly:
 Re-establish the topic of the research
 Indicate the methodology used.
 Present the main findings and conclusion.

13. TABLE OF CONTENT
The table of content contains
two main things:
1-The title 2-page number
Make sure that the title of each
of the parts of the table is self-
explanatory and does not
confuse the reader.

14. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
“The review of the literature provides the
background and context for the research problem.”
The literature review accomplishes several important
things.
• It shares with the reader the results of other studies.
• It relates a study to the larger, ongoing dialogue in the
literature about a topic.

18. Outline the general plan
for collecting the data.
This may include:
DATA COLLECTION
Survey
Interview
Administr
-ation
Observation
Procedure

19. DATA ANALYSIS
• Specify the
procedures you will
use, and label them
accurately
• Indicate briefly any
analytic tools you
will have available
and expect to use.

20. ETHICAL ISSUES
Ethical considerations for
data collection and analysis:
Editing or making up data
Failing to report negative findings
Reporting only positive results
Using other people's data

22. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH
PROPOSAL
The objectives of a research proposal
summarizes what is to be achieved.
General
objectives
Specific
objectives

23. RESEARCH
HYPOTHESIS
“A research hypothesis is the
statement created by researchers
when they speculate upon the
outcomes of a research or
experiment”.
 Null hypothesis
 Alternative hypothesis

24. • Environment
• Literature
• Personal experience
• Other empirical data

25. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
A research question is a fundamental core of a research
project, study or review. It focuses the study, determines the
methodology and guides all stages of inquiry, analysis and
reporting.
The question
should be
FEASIBLE
CLEAR
SIGNIFICANT
ETHICAL

26. Why do people
love selfies???

27. RESEARCH ON SELFIES
Research question
What is the negative impact of selfies in
teens behavior in nowadays?
Objectives
Specific objectives
Hypothesis

28. 1 2
3

30. LIMITATIONS
Time Constraint
Cost Constraint
Truthful Responding

32. Thank you