Terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of violence against people or property to intimidate or coerce a government for political or social goals. It is a tactic that has been used throughout history to make a point through instilling fear psychologically. There are different types of terrorist groups and motives, and terrorism can involve the use of explosives, firearms, or biological, chemical, and nuclear materials to carry out attacks. While terrorism poses risks, preventing it involves reducing root causes like cultural misunderstandings, promoting human rights, and establishing surveillance and protective systems.

1. Terrorism What is it? Where does it come from? Why is it used? How can we prevent it? What do we fear about Terrorism?

2. Definition of Terrorism Terrorism actually comes from the Latin Word “Fear” “ The Unlawful Use of Force Against Persons or Property to Intimidate or Coerce a Government, the Civilian Population, or Segment Thereof, in the Furtherance of Political or Social Objectives.”(Source FBI)

3. FALLOUT SHELTER

4. Terrorism Is an unlawful act of violence Intimidates governments or societies Goal is to achieve political, religious or ideological objectives Arthur H. Garrison

5. “… warfare seeks to conquer territories and capture cities; terrorism seeks to hurt a few people and to scare a lot of people in order to make a point” NYTimes, 1/6/2000 “ Putting the horror in the minds of the audience, and not necessarily on the screen”

10. Terrorism Priorities Today Biological Conventional Weapons Dirty Bombs

11. Property of Terrorism Terrorism is different from regular crime because of its strong political properties The definition of terrorism can vary from people to people due to the differences in standpoint One person’s terrorist can be another’s fighter

12. The Terrorist and their Thinking

13. Educational Deterence Fear always springs from ignorance. Emerson, 1837

14. Modern History of Terrorism Terrorism is Asymmetric Warfare . Asymmetric warfare is the use of apparently random/unpredictable violence by an weak military against a stronger military to gain advantage. (Allen, 1997). The key of Asymmetric warfare is using unexpected, unconventional tactics in combat (Craig, 1998). Arthur H. Garrison

15. Terrorism conclusions Terrorism is an ancient tactic. Terrorism is a mode of communication . Terrorism is a special type of violence and Asymmetrical warfare . Terrorism is used in times of peace, conflicts and war . Terrorism is designed to make a point, through psychological means, fear. Terrorism is a political act . Arthur H. Garrison

16. Two Types of Groups Domestic/ National International

17. Terrorist Motives Ethnic Cleansing Damage Infrastructure Disrupt Normal Life Direct Kill of an Enemy

18. Terrorist Motives Undermine Confidence In Government - Requires Media Coverage - Should effect as many people as possible - Must last long enough to overwhelm (NYC) Local resources Media audience - Usually directed towards injury fatality (International Terrorist)

19. Target Selection Based on: Motive Type of Device Available Type of Deployment Method Available

20. Thinking Outside the Box They ARE!!

21. Types of Terrorist Incidents Four Primary Types for Emergency Services

22. Terrorist Incidents Explosives and Arson Nuclear Materials Biological Agents Chemical Agents

23. Explosives and Arson 70% of Attacks Worldwide Maximizes Property Damage Target Individuals (Letter or Package Bombs) Destroy Building, Aircraft, Monuments, etc.. Large Devices, Truck or Car Bombs

24. Suspicious Thing to Look for

25. Operational Procedures for Terrorist Incidents FACTORS FOR PREPARING Common Weapons Stand-off Weapons Super Terrorism

26. Operational Changes Emergency Services strategic thinker must be willing to “think the unthinkable” so that appropriate responses may be conceived. Do not overstate the threat.

27. Terrorist Units and Cells: A Functional Approach Funding Sources: crime, harvesting Processing and management, Nation States Training Recruitment Instructors Sites Equipment Intelligence Supplied Gathered Internet/other open source Information and politics Logistics Equipment & supplies Other essentials Sources Operations One-man Team Multilateral/ collaborative

28. Government Response to Terrorism: A Functional Approach Funding Sources: Federal, State and Local Taxes Training Recruitment Instructors Sites Equipment Intelligence Supplied Gathered Internet/other open source Information and politics Logistics Equipment & supplies Other essentials Sources Operations One-man Team Multilateral/ collaborative

29. Terrorism and Weapons of Mass Destruction Terrorist Targets and their Weapons

30. Biological terrorism Dispersal of microbes or their toxins to produce illness, death and terror The paths of infection can be contaminated water, food, air and packages. Microbes Bacteria Viruses Toxins Phillip L. Coule, M.D.

31. Anatomy of a Bioterrorist Attack Preparation 5 years Execution 1 day Diagnosed case 3 days First Death Multiple deaths Terrorism takes much Time and planning

32. Nuclear Terrorism Spreading of radioactive materials through ventilation system or explosion Disable nuclear reactor cooling system and cause leakage of radioactive materials Detonate a nuclear weapon No use of nuclear material for non-military terrorism has ever occurred

33. Common Weapons Fertilizer Bombs Dynamite Semtex Automatic and Semi-automatic and Pistols remain the weapons of choice.

34. Stand-Off Weapons American Stinger Russian SA-7 Hand-Held Anti-Aircraft missiles US Army Light Anti-tank Weapon (LAW) Russian RPG-7 Anti-Tank Weapon And Increasing Bombing Technologies.

35. Where is Terrorism Going? The CYBER World

36. HE IS!!!!!!!!!

37. Prevention of Terrorism Primary prevention: Education!!! Understand the differences in cultures, religions, beliefs and human behaviors Think of the peace, freedom and equality of all human beings, not just “my group of people” Eliminate the root of terrorism

38. Prevention of Terrorism Secondary prevention: Establish surveillance and monitoring system on terrorism attack Improve protective system for citizens

39. Prevention of Terrorism Tertiary prevention Early detection of the sources Prevent the extension of impairments Rescue the survivors Console the rest of the population

40. Conclusion Terrorism is unlawful act Terrorism has a long history of being used to achieve political, religious and ideological objectives Terrorism can be conducted through firearms, explosive devices and biological, chemical, nuclear materials Even through the events of 2001,the risk of dying from terrorism has remained much lower than that from motor vehicles, smoking, and alcoholic beverage .

41. The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. FDR, 1933 Fears are educated into us & can, if we wish, be educated out.