chap 8

1. Course Code: 8604
Unit 8
By
Muhammad Usman Rafique
(Gold Medalist)
PhD (Education) Scholar
Email ID: mrusman89@gmail.com
Contact no. 03007573057

2. We will learn today about:
 Importance and Advantages of
research proposal
 Format of the research
proposal
 Preliminary Pages
 Title
 Introduction/Background
 Problem Statement
 Purpose/Aims/Rationale
 Research Objectives
 Research Questions
 Delimitation of the study
 Operational definitions
• Review of Literature
• Methodology
• Population, Sampling and
Sampling technique
• Instrumentation
• Legal & Ethical
Considerations
• Budget & Time management
• Bibliography
• Appendices

6. Preliminary Pages
Title Page
CERTIFICATION
DECLARATION
PLAGIARISM UNDERTAKING
CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ABSTRACT

7. Format
 Title
 Introduction/Background
 Problem Statement
 Purpose/Aims/Rationale
 Research Objectives
 Research Questions
 Delimitation of the study
 Operational definitions
 Review of Literature
 Methodology
 Population, Sample and Sampling technique
 Instrumentation/Research tool
 Legal & Ethical Considerations
 Budget & Time management
 Bibliography
 Appendices

8. • The title summarizes the main idea or ideas
of your study.
• A good title contains the fewest possible
words that adequately describe the contents
and/or purpose of your research paper.
• The title is without doubt the part of a paper
that is read the most, and it is usually read
first.
• It should be clear.
• It should be according to your area of
research.
• It should be consisted on both depended
and independent variables.
Title

9. Introduction/Background
 Addressing What and Why?
 It is should be both brief and catchy
 What? Background.
 In this section, you should give a more
detailed overview of the problem.
 Why? Importance
 Trends
 Curiosity

10. Problem Statement
 Answer the question: “What is the gap
that needs to be filled?” and/or “What is
the problem that needs to be solved?”
 State the problem clearly early in a
paragraph.
 Limit the variables you address in
stating your problem or question.
 Consider framing the problem as a
question.

11. Purpose/Aims/Rationale
 “What is the problem that needs to be
solved?”
 “What is the gap that needs to be filled?

12. Research Objectives
Objectives are statements of what you
intend to do to find the answer to your
research question/s through your
methodology.
 Explain the goals and research
objectives of the study.
 Show the original contributions of your
study.
 Include a rationale for the study.
 Be clear about what your study will not
address.

13. Objectives should be
The stated objectives should be
SMART
 Specific,
 Measurable,
 Assignable,
 Realistic and
 Time-related

14. Research Questions
 Research questions ask what
relationships exist between the
different variables in the study.

15. Delimitation of the Study
For example
The study will be delimited to the
Universities having Quality
Enhancement Cell.

16. Operational Definitions
 Research Proposal is an attentive
plan of study which is prepared before
the study began
 Quality means through a university
can guarantee with certainty and
confidence that the…………...

17. Review of Literature
• The Literature Review provides the
background for the research problem
and illustrates to the reader that the
researcher is knowledgeable about the
scope of the theory.
• Research as many studies pertaining
to the theory as possible, and
summarize them in a succinct manner.

18. Methodology
 Introduce the overall methodological
approach.
 Indicate how the approach fits the overall
research design.
 Describe the specific methods of data
collection.
 Explain how you intend to analyze and
interpret your results (e.g. statistical
analysis)
 If necessary, provide background and
rationale for unfamiliar methodologies.

19. Population & Sample
 This section should include an
expanded discussion of the sample.
First, discuss the population under
consideration. From where will
participants be selected?
 Sampling Method

20. Instrumentation
 Survey,
 Observations
 Test,
 Scales
 Questionnaire, etc
 Also ensure its validity and reliability

21. Legal & Ethical Considerations
 The research problem under
consideration is neither legally unlawful
nor ethically harm for anybody.
 Any other legal or ethical considerations
will be tread and the proposal will be
modified as per the expected terms and
conditions by data agencies.

22. Budget & Time Management
 The most critical thing will be the time
management for each task after the
approval the time.
 Consult your advisor.
 Be aware of important dates for
submitting and defending
dissertations.
 Do not be overly ambitious.

23. Bibliography
 All references and bibliography should
be according to APA style.

24. Appendices
 Any document attached at the end of the proposal