The Contingency plans cover contingency strategies to be taken up by farmers in response to major weather related aberrations such as delay in onset and breaks in monsoon causing early, mid and late season droughts, floods, unusual rains, extreme weather events such as heat wave, cold wave, frost, hailstorm and cyclone.
The Contingency plans cover contingency strategies to be taken up by farmers in response to major weather related aberrations such as delay in onset and breaks in monsoon causing early, mid and late season droughts, floods, unusual rains, extreme weather events such as heat wave, cold wave, frost, hailstorm and cyclone.
Conservation tillage, Practices used in Conservation Tillagescience book
This is presentation on topic of Conservation Tillage, it gives You information about conservation tillage, types of conservation tillage, Practices used in conservation tillage. It enhanced Your knowledge about conservation tillage.
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to maintenance of soil fertility and the plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all the possible sources of Organic, Inorganic & biological component in an integrated manner.
this slide includes recent approaches to evaluate cropping system.
It includes system profitability,relative production efficiency,land use efficienct(LUE),Calculation of LUE,energy efficiency,specific energy,Rotational intensity,Cropping intensity,Multiple cropping index(MCI),Land equivalent ratio (LER),Relative yields total (RYT),Crop equivalent yields (CEY),Relative Spread Index
Conservation tillage, Practices used in Conservation Tillagescience book
This is presentation on topic of Conservation Tillage, it gives You information about conservation tillage, types of conservation tillage, Practices used in conservation tillage. It enhanced Your knowledge about conservation tillage.
Integrated Nutrient Management refers to maintenance of soil fertility and the plant nutrient supply at an optimum level for sustaining the desired productivity through optimization of the benefits from all the possible sources of Organic, Inorganic & biological component in an integrated manner.
this slide includes recent approaches to evaluate cropping system.
It includes system profitability,relative production efficiency,land use efficienct(LUE),Calculation of LUE,energy efficiency,specific energy,Rotational intensity,Cropping intensity,Multiple cropping index(MCI),Land equivalent ratio (LER),Relative yields total (RYT),Crop equivalent yields (CEY),Relative Spread Index
Traditional agriculture and its modernization questions by Ishita AgarwalIshita Agarwal
This pdf is all about agriculture in ancient times the techniques and how they changed and became modern with technology . There are basic differences and characteristics . This file is prepared by economics students Ishita Agarwal and it is a topic from agriculture Economics. my prof. encouraged me and got me confidence to upload it.
Water management is important. This ppt will help to know some knowledge concerning water saving and harvesting in agriculture. Water harvesting technology is important, in many areas of the world, especially in arid and semi-arid regions. By reading this ppt, you will clearly understand how to save water in agriculture and what is water harvesting.
As part of the seminar held by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in collaboration with IWMI, World fish and ICARDA “Options for improving irrigation water efficiency for sustainable agricultural development”.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
2. Introduction
Irrigation has been used for thousands of years to maximize the
performance, efficiency and profitability of crops and it is a
science that is constantly evolving. This potential for improved
crop yields has never been more important as population levels
and demand for food continue to grow.
Linking crop physiology, agronomy and irrigation practices, this is
a valuable resource for planners, irrigation engineers,
agronomists and producers concerned with the international
need to improve water productivity in agriculture in the face of
increased pressure on water resources.
3. Contents
• Introduction
• Why we need of it?
• Irrigation Systems
• Important Factors
• Ways for Solution
• References
4. Why we need of it?
During the previous two decades, due to a false
perception among policy-makers that no new
investments in food and agriculture were needed.
Particularly, since the dramatic increases in the price of
food in 2008 agriculture is back on the global agenda and
will remain there for years to come. Population growth
and economic development are the driving forces behind
demands for increased food production and for a more
diversified diet. World production of fruits and vegetables
has proportionally increased from 18 to 23% of the total
agricultural output over the last nine years. The diversity
of fruits now being offered to consumers in world
markets has expanded enormously.
5. Modern advances in agriculture have been
founded on agricultural research, and fruit
production is no exception. However, much of
the research has been carried out on temperate
species such as the apple, and much less effort
has been devoted to study the performance of
fruit crops grown in subtropical and tropical
environments. Water management is essential
for stability of production in such environments.
6. Irrigation Systems
There are basic three types of Irrigation systems.
These are followings
• Flood Irrigation
• Sprinkler Irrigation
• Trickle (Drip) Irrigation.
7. Flood Irrigation
• Flood irrigation is an ancient method of irrigating
crops. It was likely the first form of irrigation
used by humans as they began cultivating crops
and is still one of the most commonly used
methods of irrigation used today.
• Very simply, water is delivered to the field by
ditch, pipe, or or some other means and simply
flows over the ground through the crop.
8. Techniques
There are several techniques that can be used to improve
its efficiency:
• Leveling fields – because water is transported using
gravity it won’t reach high spots in the field
• Surge flooding – rather than releasing water all at once
it is released in intervals allowing each release to
infiltrate the soil before releasing additional water.
• Recycling runoff – water that runs off the end and
sides of the irrigated are is captured in low-lying areas
and pumped to the top of the field where it can be
reused.
9. Sprinkler Irrigation
• Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water
which is similar to natural rainfall. Water is distributed
through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is then
sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up
into small water drops which fall to the ground. The pump,
valves, distribution pipes, and sprinklers are generally
designed to apply water as uniformly as possible.
• The sprinkler system is the overhead irrigation whereby
water is sprayed on the soil/crop somewhat like rain. A
typical sprinkling unit comprises of an electric or diesel
pumping unit, a portable or buried main pipeline with
hydrants at predetermined intervals, and one or more
sprinkler units attached to hydrants or hose. Sprinkler
systems are classified into various types on the basis of their
spray pattern and mobility/portability
10. Drip /Trickle Irrigation
• Drip irrigation also called as trickle/micro irrigation is the most
efficient technology that makes highly effective use of water,
fertilizers, and nutrients. Its main principle is to apply water and
other inputs slowly, regularly, and frequently as close to the plant
roots as possible through emitters installed on plastic pipes laid out
in the field. Regular and timely availability of nutrients throughout
the plant growth period as per exact requirements and
maintenance of favorable soil moisture conditions facilitate to
maximize crop productivity. Drip irrigation technology is best suited
for orchards and high value row crops such as cotton, maize,
sugarcane, vegetables etc. It has become the most valued
innovation, which optimizes use of water and fertilizers by
enhancing the irrigation efficiency as much as 95 percent.
11. • Irrigation using drippers is often considered the most efficient method in
terms of both water use and labour, but because it is complex, it must be
designed, installed, and maintained correctly. Drip/ Trickle irrigation
system using locally produced materials was designed and installed on an
area of 1.2 acres for citrus orchard at the field station of water resources
research institute, NARC Islamabad, Pakistan. The cost of this indigenized
trickle irrigation system was Rs. 104900/acre for orchards. The system was
evaluated for its hydraulic performance. Results of the study revealed that
the discharge of the micro tube-emitter varied from 15.67 to 8.67 l/h
under the pressure head of 10.56 to 7 m. The water application uniformity
was found to be above 80% which describes that the drip irrigation was
designed on proper scale and dimensions. Statistical analysis of all the
research parameters & irrigation scheduling was also carried out for citrus
orchard using climatic data of the project site.
12. Important factors:
• The water economy information,
• Design irrigation scheduling,
• the crop, and the climatic conditions.
• Sprinkling is greatly influenced by the wind speed, wind
direction and durability.
• Surface irrigation is greatly dependent on the dynamics of
the water table, related to the deep percolation under the
first half of the furrow length.
• Micro-irrigation - it is very important to choose the
irrigation wings very precisely in order to be appropriate
for the soil type and the irrigation scheduling.
13. Ways for Solutions:
Farm-level adaptation
• Using water more efficiently by reducing water
losses, improving irrigation practices, and
recycling or storing water
• Improving soil management by increasing water
retention to conserve soil moisture, and
• Landscape management, such as maintaining
landscape features providing shelter to livestoc
14. Ways for Solutions:
Sectoral-level adaptation
• Enhancing investment in improved efficiency of
irrigation infrastructure and water use
technologies, as well as management of water
resources,
• Developing irrigation plans based on thorough
assessments of their impacts, future water
availability and water needs of different users,
taking account of the balance between demand
and supply
• Developing risk and crisis management
instruments to cope with the economic
consequences of climate-driven events.
15. References:
• Advances in Irrigation Agronomy:
(By M. K. V. Carr)
• http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/irmethods.html. USGS. Water Science
for Schools. Irrigation Techniques. Flood (Furrow) Irrigation.
Accessed August 12, 2008
• The Ride family's 'Nomad' brand tractor lawn sprinkler, National
Museum of Australia
• Jensen, M. E, 1981: Design and operation of farm irrigation
systems. American Society of Agri. Engineers (ASAE.), Monograph
Number 3, Michigan
• WRRI, 2001: Handbook of pressurized irrigation systems and
innovative adaptations. Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI),
NARC, Islamabad.
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/287242993_Advances_i
n_irrigation_agronomy_Plantation_crops .