Principles of Plant Disease Control outlines four main principles: 1) Avoidance/Exclusion to prevent import and spread of pathogens through quarantine, avoiding pathogen environments, and using pathogen-free materials. 2) Eradiation to reduce pathogen amounts by removing infected hosts, practicing sanitation like cleaning equipment, and rotating crops to avoid pathogen buildup. 3) Protection to directly protect plants from infection using biological controls like beneficial microorganisms or chemical controls like fungicides and bactericides. 4) Resistant varieties that possess qualities hindering pathogen development through genetic engineering to introduce pathogen-fighting genes.

1. Principles of Plant Disease
Control
Muhammad Bin Naseem
F16-0358

2. Outline
• Principles of disease control
1)Avoidance/Exclusion
2)Eradiation
3)Protection
4)Resistant

3. 1) Avoidance/Exclusion
• To prevent the import and spread of plant
pathogens into areas from which they are
absent
(1.1) Quarantine and Inspection
(1.2) Evasion or avoidance of pathogen
(1.3) Use of pathogen free propagating material

4. (1.1) Quarantine and Inspection
• Regulations controlling the import and export of
plants to prevent spread of disease and pest
• The Agricultural Pests and Noxious Plants
(Import/Export) Regulations 1981 govern the
import of plants, plants products, insects and
microorganisms into Malaysia
• Each state is responsible for enforcing quarantine
regulations to prevent the spread of pests and
diseases within the state.

5. (1.1) Quarantine and Inspection
• Inspection of Plants/Insects at Legal Entry
Checkpoint.
• All planting materials, plant product, insects etc
which is prohibited materials subjected to
inspection at the entry checkpoint and if found
infested or diseases shall be treated, quarantine
or destroyed.
• Air (KLIA, Subang Airport, Senai Airport)
• Road (JB, Padang Besar, Chanloon, Rantau
Panjang)

6. (1.2) Evasion or avoidance of pathogen
• Grow the plant in the area or environment
that unsuitable for the growth of pathogen.
• Plant a susceptible crop at a great distance
from other fields containing possible disease.

7. (1.3) Use of pathogen free propagating
material
• Use a pathogen- free seed
• Growing the crop in an area that Free or
isolated from the pathogen
• Not suitable for the vector of the pathogen

8. 2)Eradiation
• To reduce amount of pathogen present in an
area, a plant or plant part
(2.1)Host eradication
(2.2)Sanitation
(2.3)Crop rotation

9. (2.1)Host eradication
• Remove or burn all of the infected host plant
• Remove alternate host for the pathogen

10. (2.2)Sanitation
• Wash hands before handling certain kinds of
plant such as tomato
• Frequently disinfesting knives used to cut
propagative stock such as potato tubers

11. (2.3)Crop rotation
• The practice of growing a series of dissimilar
types of crops in the same area in sequential
seasons
• Crop rotation also seeks to balance the fertility
demands of various crops to avoid excessive
depletion of soil nutrients

12. 3)Protection
• Protect the plant directly from any infection
that are likely to arrive.
(3.1)Biological control
(3.2)Chemical control

13. (3.1)Biological control
• The process to reduce or control the pest level
by using another microorganism
• Use antagonistic microorganism –
microorganism that antagonist to the
pathogen
• The microorganism will destroy and inhibit the
growth of pathogen.
• Environmentally friendly method.

14. (3.2)Chemical control
• Application of chemical compounds that are
toxic to the pathogen
• Inhibit germination, multiplication and growth
of the pathogen.

15. 4)Resistant
• Possessing qualities that hinder the
development of a given pathogen Use genetic
engineering technique Insert the plants with
genes that code for production of enzymes or
toxin that could interfere pathogen infection.