WHAT ARE ALGAE?Characteristics of Algae,The Biological Importance of Algae,
Primary producers
Algae as food
Algae as fodder for cattle
Algae as bio-fertilizers
Algae in pisi culture
Role in soil erosion
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE
Algae in Industry
Antibiotics
Sewage disposal
Research Material
In space ship
Algae in medicine
Algae in fertilizers
This presentation is made for the students of B.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology. The presentation includes the details about archaea and the characteristics of archaea bacteria
This presentation is made for the students of B.Sc. Microbiology and Biotechnology. The presentation includes the details about archaea and the characteristics of archaea bacteria
Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, (SGBAU)
BOTANY
B.Sc. I (Sem- I)
Diversity & Applications of Microbes and Cryptogams
Unit-VI
Application of Microbes and Cryptogams
6.1. Economic Importance of Algae with special reference to Food
(Algae as a Food)
By
Avinash Darsimbe
Assistant Professor
Department of Botany
Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati
Bergey's Manual and it's classification. A brief concised presentation prepared for taking seminar and classes.
Volume II (Edition 2) described more in detail.
1.Dunaliella is a unicellular algae , present in marine water which is ability to accumulate very high concentrations of β-carotene.
2.Haematococcus is a unicellular agae present in fresh water which is ability to produce astaxanthin pigments.
Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis. Certain algae are familiar to most people; for instance, seaweeds (such as kelp or phytoplankton), pond scum or the algal blooms in lakes.
This presentation includes;
1.INTRODUCTION to Algae
2.HABITAT of Algae
3.SELECTION OF SOURCE- soil & Water
4.ENRICHMENT OF CULTURE- parameters
5.ISOLATION TECHNIQUES:
Establishing Unialgal culture- 6 types
Establishing Axenic culture- 4 steps
4.ISOLATION OF ALGAE FROM WATER- protocol
5.ISOLATION OF ALGAE FROM SOIL- protocol
6.CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
7.Reference books
The Cultivation of Spirulina: An Innovative Geothermal Application in GreeceApostolos Arvanitis
Fytikas M. & Arvanitis A. (2011), “The Cultivation of Spirulina: An Innovative Geothermal Application in Greece”, Presentation at the GEOFAR European Conference “Innovative Solutions for Geothermal Energy Financing”, Athens, 17 - 18 March 2011.
Algae plays a vital role in our Food system but we're not aware of the benefits of Algae, see weed, nori or any other aquatic plants that we can incorporate or take as Food in orders to nourish our body n developmental factors with numerous nutrients and minerals in it.
As a requirement for our Field Study 3, I am asking for your help guys. Please leave a comment here, whether good or bad comments. thank you. i will truly appreciate your cooperation guys. <3
Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, (SGBAU)
BOTANY
B.Sc. I (Sem- I)
Diversity & Applications of Microbes and Cryptogams
Unit-VI
Application of Microbes and Cryptogams
6.1. Economic Importance of Algae with special reference to Food
(Algae as a Food)
By
Avinash Darsimbe
Assistant Professor
Department of Botany
Shri Shivaji Science College, Amravati
Bergey's Manual and it's classification. A brief concised presentation prepared for taking seminar and classes.
Volume II (Edition 2) described more in detail.
1.Dunaliella is a unicellular algae , present in marine water which is ability to accumulate very high concentrations of β-carotene.
2.Haematococcus is a unicellular agae present in fresh water which is ability to produce astaxanthin pigments.
Algae are a diverse group of aquatic organisms that have the ability to conduct photosynthesis. Certain algae are familiar to most people; for instance, seaweeds (such as kelp or phytoplankton), pond scum or the algal blooms in lakes.
This presentation includes;
1.INTRODUCTION to Algae
2.HABITAT of Algae
3.SELECTION OF SOURCE- soil & Water
4.ENRICHMENT OF CULTURE- parameters
5.ISOLATION TECHNIQUES:
Establishing Unialgal culture- 6 types
Establishing Axenic culture- 4 steps
4.ISOLATION OF ALGAE FROM WATER- protocol
5.ISOLATION OF ALGAE FROM SOIL- protocol
6.CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
7.Reference books
The Cultivation of Spirulina: An Innovative Geothermal Application in GreeceApostolos Arvanitis
Fytikas M. & Arvanitis A. (2011), “The Cultivation of Spirulina: An Innovative Geothermal Application in Greece”, Presentation at the GEOFAR European Conference “Innovative Solutions for Geothermal Energy Financing”, Athens, 17 - 18 March 2011.
Algae plays a vital role in our Food system but we're not aware of the benefits of Algae, see weed, nori or any other aquatic plants that we can incorporate or take as Food in orders to nourish our body n developmental factors with numerous nutrients and minerals in it.
As a requirement for our Field Study 3, I am asking for your help guys. Please leave a comment here, whether good or bad comments. thank you. i will truly appreciate your cooperation guys. <3
lgae are economically important in a variety of ways. The natural substance can be used as a food source, a fodder, in fish farming, and as a fertilizer. It also plays a key role in alkaline reclaiming, can be used as a soil binding agent, and is used in a variety of commercial products.
The term "algae" refers to a class of mostly watery, photosynthetic, and nucleus-bearing organisms that lack the real roots, stalks, and leaves of plants as well as their specialized multicellular reproductive systems.
What are Algae?
In addition to ponds, brackish waterways, and even snow, seaweed may be found in rivers, lakes, seas, and ponds. seaweed are often green, although they can also be found in other hues. For instance, the carotenoid pigments and chlorophyll present in the seaweed that live in snow give the surrounding snow its unique red colo The name "alga" refers to a huge and extraordinarily diversified class of eukaryotic, photosynthetic lifeforms. These species are not linked to one another (polyphyletic) since they do not have a common ancestor.
Giant kelp and brown algae are two examples of multicellular algae. Examples of unicellular organisms include dinoflagellates, euglenophytes, and diatoms.
Since most algae need a moist or wet environment to thrive, they can be found everywhere near or inside water bodies. They have anatomical similarities with the land plants, a significant group of photosynthetic creatures. The distinctions stop there since seaweed lack many of the structural elements that are generally seen in plants, such as real stems, shoots, and leaves. Additionally, they lack the vascular tissues needed to transport vital nutrients and water throughout their bodies.
Characteristics of Seaweed
Plants and animals share specific general properties of seaweed.
Eukaryotic cells make up seaweed. Algae, for example, may photosynthesize like plants and have specialized cell organelles like centrioles and flagella that are exclusively found in animals. Manna's, cellulose, and Galatians make up the algal cell walls. Some of the general characteristics of algae are listed below.
Seaweed are photosynthetic organisms
Seaweed can be either unicellular or multicellular organisms
Seaweed lack a well-defined body, so, structures like roots, stems or leaves are absent
seaweed are found where there is adequate moisture.
Reproduction in algae occurs in both asexual and sexual forms. Asexual reproduction occurs by spore formation.
Seaweed are free-living, although some can form a symbiotic relationship with other organisms.
Types of Saweed
Algae come in a variety of varieties. But these are a few of the more well-known kinds:
Red Scum
It is a peculiar species that is also known as Rhodophyta, and it may be found in both freshwater and marine settings. The distinctive red hue of the algae is caused by the pigments phycocyanin and phycoerythrin. There are other pigments that give things their green hue, such chlorophyll a. But neither beta-carotene nor chlorophyll B are present.
Green Algae
It is a large, loosely organized collection of scum that include the essential pigments for photosynthetic activity, chlorophylls A and B, as well as auxiliary pigments like xanthophyll's and beta carotene.
Green scum car
The term "algae" refers to a class of mostly watery, photosynthetic, and nucleus-bearing organisms that lack the real roots, stalks, and leaves of plants as well as their specialized multicellular reproductive systems.
What are Algae?
In addition to ponds, brackish waterways, and even snow, seaweed may be found in rivers, lakes, seas, and ponds. seaweed are often green, although they can also be found in other hues. For instance, the carotenoid pigments and chlorophyll present in the seaweed that live in snow give the surrounding snow its unique red color.
The term "algae" refers to a class of mostly watery, photosynthetic, and nucleus-bearing organisms that lack the real roots, stalks, and leaves of plants as well as their specialized multicellular reproductive systems.
What are Algae?
In addition to ponds, brackish waterways, and even snow, seaweed may be found in rivers, lakes, seas, and ponds. seaweed are often green, although they can also be found in other hues. For instance, the carotenoid pigments and chlorophyll present in the seaweed that live in snow give the surrounding snow its unique red color.
The term "algae" refers to a class of mostly watery, photosynthetic, and nucleus-bearing organisms that lack the real roots, stalks, and leaves of plants as well as their specialized multicellular reproductive systems.
At the western edge of France, Finistère – literally ‘the end of the earth’ – is the point where northern Europe meets the Atlantic Ocean. It’s a place of high biodiversity and a centre of European marine science funding. Founded in 1872, the Station Biologique in Roscoff is the oldest marine biology institute in the world. Now, it is one of the European Marine Biological Resource Centre’s 13 stations, and 60 percent of French funding in marine sciences comes to major port and university town, Brest.
A concise presentation on the emerging topic on Metagenomic Analysis of Water Bodies. This presentation will help students and scientists to understand the various techniques used in metagenomic studies of rivers as well as oceans. Brief Introduction to various bioinformatic techniques like Lipidomics, LCMS, HPLC and Next Gen Sequencing, with a focus toward ocean and river samples.
What is Healthcare?How Healthcare delivered ?Types of Healthcare:(i) Primary Healthcare:
(ii) Secondary Healthcare:
(iii) Tertiary Healthcare:
if you like my work follow me on linkedIn
www.linkedin.com/in/mehwish-manzoor-7b758b1b2/
If you required slide or ppt on any topic you can order me on my fiverr gig
https://www.fiverr.com/share/2p2prN
https://www.fiverr.com/share/2p2prN
Eid ul Adha necessary health precautions to keep in mind,1. Red Meat consumption in Eid ul Adha,2. Lessen fried items intake,3. Avoid frizzy drinks,4. Increase consumption of Fruits and Salads,5. Walking routine during Eid ul Adha.
What is Bushfire ?Bushfires in Australia,Why are there bushfires in Australia?What conditions lead to extreme fire weather?Victorian Bushfires fast facts,What causes bushfires?Why do bushfires spread?What controls fire behaviour?
Types of data sampling,probability sampling and non-probability sampling,Simple random sampling,Systematic sampling,Stratified sampling,Clustered sampling,Convenience sampling,Quota sampling,Judgement (or Purposive) Sampling,Snowball sampling,Bias in sampling.
Identification of Indian Major Carps,Catla catla (catla), Labeo rohita (rohu) and Cirrhinus cirrhosus (mrigal),Chinese Major carps , Grass, silver, bighead, and black carp , OTHER COMMON SPECIES OF PAKISTAN, Trout, Salmon, Tilapia
Gains due to bacteria, Food processing,Biotechnology
Genetic engineering
Fibre retting
Pest control
Bioremediation
Digestion
Tanning Of Leather
Medicines.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
What are Algae: Biological and economic importance of algae; Characteristics of algae….?
1. What are Algae: Biological and economic importance of
algae;
Characteristics of algae….?
By;
Mehwish Manzoor
2. WHAT ARE ALGAE?
The term "algae" covers many differentorganisms capable of producing
oxygen through photosynthesis. Algae exist in environments ranging from
oceans, rivers, and lakes to ponds,brackish waters, and even snow. Algae
are usually green, but they can be found in a variety of differentcolours.
For instance, algae living in snow contain carotenoid pigments in addition
to chlorophyll, hence giving the surrounding snow a distinctive red hue.
“Alga is a term that describes a large and incredibly diverse group of
eukaryotic, photosynthetic lifeforms. These organisms do not share a
common ancestor and hence, are not related to each other (polyphyletic).”
3. Most algae require a moist or watery environment; hence, they are
ubiquitous near or inside water bodies.Anatomically, they are similar to
another major group of photosynthetic organisms – the land plants.
However, that is where the differences end as algae lack many structural
components typically presentin plants, such as true stems,shoots,and
leaves. Furthermore, they also do not have vascular tissues to circulate
essential nutrients and water throughout their body.
Multicellular examples of algae include the giant kelp and brown algae.
Unicellular examples include diatoms, Euglenophyta, and Dinoflagellates
Characteristics of Algae
Specific generalcharacteristics of algae are commonto plants as well as
animals.
For instance, algae can photosynthesize like plants, and they possess
specialized structures and cell-organelles, like centrioles and flagella, found
only in animals. Listed below are some of the general characteristics of
algae.
Algae are photosynthetic organisms
Algae can be either unicellular or multicellular organisms
Algae lack a well-defined body, so, structures like roots, stems or
leaves are absent
Algaes are found where there is adequate moisture.
4. Reproductionin algae occurs in both asexual and sexual forms.
Asexual reproductionoccurs by spore formation.
Algae are free-living, although some can form a symbiotic relationship
with other organisms.
The majority of algae live in aquatic habitats.
Algae are also able to survive on land. Some unexpected places
where they grow are tree trunks, animal fur, snow banks, hot springs
(according to "Algae") and in soil, including desert crusts
The Biological Importance of Algae
Primary producers
Algae as food
Algae as fodder for cattle
Algae as bio-fertilizers
Algae in pisi culture
Role in soil erosion
PRIMARY PRODUCERS
Algae are primary producersby using inorganic ions, CO2, water and
solar energy the complexorganic molecules are produced.Oxygen is
released in this process. Algae, cyanobacteria and plants indirectly
produce all food and all oxygen for all living organisms on our planet.
5. ALGAE AS FOOD
Algae are commonall over the Earth. Algae are used in the food industry
as food supplements and an addition to functional food.Algae are also
added to meat products,such as pasty, steaks, frankfurters and sausages,
as well as to fish, fish products,and oils, to improve their quality. Cereal-
based products,such as pasta, flour and bread, are another group of
products enriched with algae. Fermented products containing algae are,
most of all, dairy products,such as cheese,cream, milk deserts,yoghurt,
cottage cheese,and processed cheese.
ALGAE AS FOODER FOR CATTLE
Kelps (brown algae) are used as fodderforcattle & chopped for
sheep and chickens in Great Briten.
Macrocysts speciesare food source of vitamins A & E
Rhodymenia is used for Cattle Food in France.
6. ALGAE AS BIO-FERTILIZERS
An Algae Biofertilizer is a natural, organicand renewable energy source.
They help retain essential nutrients and water in the soil which is required
for the propergrowth of the plants.
ALGAE IN PISI CULTURE
Various species of macroalgae and microalgae have been incorporated into fish
feed formulations to assess their nutritional value, and many have been shown
to be beneficial: Chlorella or Scenedesmus fed to Tilapia, Chlorella fed to
Korean rockfish. It has also been shown that larvae of some fishes benefit
greatly by direct ingestion of microalgae.
ROLE IN SOIL EROSION
The impact of soil erosion can be very significant not only in reducing soil
productivity but also in deteriorating water quality. Sedimentresulting from
soil erosion is a major water quality pollutant in Iowa’s surface water
7. bodies.Increased levels ofnitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in surface
waters are also leading contributors to reduced water quality.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF ALGAE
Algae in Industry
Antibiotics
Sewagedisposal
Research Material
In spaceship
Algae in medicine
Algae in fertilizers
ALGAE IN INDUSTRY
The focus of today’s algae industry is on bringing the advances of
science and technologyfor the productionof algae products into the
marketplace.
ANTIBIOTICS
Algal Scientific is extracting beta glucan – a chain of simple sugars –
from algae foruse as an immune system supportand alternative
to antibiotics.CEO Geoff Horst says that the substance works by
8. supporting the immune system via stimulating the growth of white blood
cells.
SEWAGE DISPOSAL
In wastewater treatment systems designedto remove nutrients, mainly
dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus,is becoming an important step
of treatment.Discharge of these nutrients into sensitive water bodies
leads to eutrophication by stimulating the growth of unwanted plants
such as algae and aquatic macrophytes.
RESEARCH MATERIAL
Algal Research is an international phycology journal covering all areas of
emerging technologies in algae biology, biomass production, cultivation,
harvesting, extraction, bioproducts, biorefinery, engineering, and
econometrics. Algae is defined to include cyanobacteria, microalgae,
macroalgae, and protists...
ALGAE IN MEDICINE
Algae is used as one of important medical source due to its antioxidant,
anticancer, antiviral properties.. Therapeutic properties of algae is used for
promotionof health . Edible algae are recognized as complete foods which
provides correctbalance of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and
minerals.