Rationalism is a philosophical view that regards reason as the primary source of knowledge. Rationalists use logic and deduction to understand situations and determine what is right or wrong. In the 17th century, rationalism emerged with philosophers like Descartes who believed that everything could be explained through reason and logic alone, even going so far as to question the reliability of the senses. Descartes introduced formulas to understand life and argued that the senses can deceive us, using the example of how we perceive the size of the sun.