Greek civilization emerged in Southeastern Europe and gave rise to classical civilization. The Minoan civilization on Crete influenced the Greeks and traded extensively. After a volcanic eruption, the Mycenaeans invaded Crete and established separate city-states. Two influential city-states were Sparta, a militaristic society ruled by two kings and elders, and Athens, which developed democracy under Solon and Cleisthenes. The Persian Wars united the Greeks against Persia and allowed Athens to emerge as the most powerful city under Pericles, though this dominance led to war with Sparta. Alexander the Great then conquered Persia and spread Greek culture across his vast empire, establishing the long-lasting Hellenistic civilization.
Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in Canaan which covered most of the western, coastal part of the fertile Crescent. Several major Phoenician cities were built on the coastline of the Mediterranean. It was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BCE to 300 BCE.
The Beginnings of Ancient Rome About 750 B.C., the villages joined together to form a city called Rome. It was ruled by kings for more than 200 years. Eventually, Rome became a republic, and the people elected representatives. These representatives formed the Senate, Rome's most powerful body of government
This is our presentation on the Persian Empire. It is a product of the work and effort of Monisha, Caitlin, and Rachel of team 8 in global class period 1.
Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in Canaan which covered most of the western, coastal part of the fertile Crescent. Several major Phoenician cities were built on the coastline of the Mediterranean. It was an enterprising maritime trading culture that spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BCE to 300 BCE.
The Beginnings of Ancient Rome About 750 B.C., the villages joined together to form a city called Rome. It was ruled by kings for more than 200 years. Eventually, Rome became a republic, and the people elected representatives. These representatives formed the Senate, Rome's most powerful body of government
This is our presentation on the Persian Empire. It is a product of the work and effort of Monisha, Caitlin, and Rachel of team 8 in global class period 1.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of Labour
Greek Civilization
1.
2.
3.
4. Greek Civilization
emerged in a rugged remote corner of Southeastern
Europe
gave rise to a classical civilization
Early People of Aegean
Crete - cradle of an early civilization that later
influenced Greeks
Minoan Civilization
Minos – a legendary King of Crete
Success was based on trade
Set up outposts throughout the Aegean world
Acquired ideas and technology from Egypt and
Mesopotamia
5. Rulers lived at Knossos
Rooms for royal families, religious shrines,
banquet halls and working areas for artisans.
A Civilization Disappears
Volcanic eruption
Earthquake followed by tidal waves
Invasion of Mycenaeans
Mycenaean
Indo- Europian people
Sea traders
Learned may skills including the art of writing
Lived in a separate city-states
A warrior King built a thick walled fortress
6.
7. Economic rivalry between Mycenaeans and Troy
Troy controlled the passages that connect
Meditteranean and Black Seas
Greek legend contributes the war to a romantic
cause.
The Age of Homer
Mycenaean civilization crumbled under the attack of
sea raiders
Dorian invasion from the north
People abandoned the cities
8. 2 Greek Epic Poems
Iliad
Chief source of information about Trojan
Story involves Gods, Goddesses and even a
talking horse
Story of Achilles, the mightiest warrior
Odyssey
Struggles of Odysseus
9. The ancient Greeks absorbed many ideas and
beliefs from Mesopotamia and Egypt
Developed unique ideas about how best to govern
city-states
Mountains and Valleys
Greece – part of Balkan Peninsula which extends
southward into the Eastern Mediterranean sea
Mountains divide the peninsula into valleys
Hundreds of rocky islands spread toward the horizon
Greeks built a small city-states, cut off from one
another by land or water
Endless rivalry led to frequent wars
10. Mediterranean and Aegean seas
Provided a vital link to the world
Coastlines provided safe harbor for ships
Greeks become skilled sailors
Carried cargoes of olive oil, wine and marble
Sailed to Egypt, the Middle East and Asia Minor
Returned with grains, metals and ideas
Greeks expanded the Phoenician alphabet
Greeks alphabet became the basis for all Western
alphabets
Rapid population growth forced Greeks to leave
Wherever they traveled, Greek settlers and traders
carried their ideas and culture.
11. Unique version of city-states
Acropolis – high city with great marble temples
Flatter ground – marketplace, theater, public
buildings and homes
Early Governments
King – ruler of polis
Monarchy – central power
Aristocracy - power shifted to a class of noble
landowners
Oligarchy – power is in the hands of small, powerful
elite from business class (merchants, farmers,,
artisans)
12. Increased power of the middle class
Iron weapons and tools
New method of fighting emerged
Phalanx – massive formation of a heavily armed foot
soldiers
Two most influencial city-states, Sparta and Athens
SPARTA: A NATION OF SOLDIERS
Spartans were Dorians
Spartan Government
Two Kings
Council of elders
Five Ephors
13. Children were prepared to be part of the military
Age 7, boys began training
Age 20, man could marry
Age 30, after specialized training, took his place in
the assembly
Sparta and Its Neighbors
Spartans isolated themselves
They were admired by their military skills
Suffered from its rigid ways
Warrior class shrank
Its power declined
14. Located in Attica, north of Peloponnesus
From monarchy to aristocracy
Nobles judged major cases and dominated the
assembly
Demands for Change
Athenian wealth and power grew under
aristocracy
Merchants and soldiers wanted more rights
Farmers demanded change
Moves slowly towards democracy
15. Solon – wise and trusted leader
Appointed as archon or chief official
Outlawed debt slavery
Opened high offices
Granted citizenship to foreigners
Gave the Athenians more say in important decisions
Introduced economic reforms
Encouraged export of wine and olive oil
Only the wealthy landowners could serve in many
positions
Rise of tyrants – people who gained power by force
Word tyrant has come to mean a vicious and brutal
ruler
16. Athenian tyrant Pisistratus seized power
Helped farmers by giving them loans
Land taken from nobles
New building projects gave jobs to the poor
Weakened the aristocracy
Cleisthenes – another reformer
Broadened the role of the ordinary citizens
Set up the council of 500 whose members were
chosen by citizens
Law making body (legislature)
Supervised the day to day work
All male citizens over 30 were members of the
assembly
17. Democracy was quite limited
Only male citizens could participate
Tens of thousands of Athenians were slaves
Without political or personal freedom
Education for Democracy
Girls – received little or no formal education
Boys – attended school
Studied music and memorized poetry
Young men received military training
Explore many areas of knowledge
18. Polytheistic
Gods lived in Mount Olympus
Zeus – most powerful
Hera – goddess of marriage
Poseidon – god of sea
Aphrodite – goddess of love
Ares – god of war
Athena – god of wisdom
View of Non – Greeks
Barbaroi or barbarian
People who did not speak Greek
Phoenicians and Egyptians
19. When the Persians threatened the Greeks, they put
aside their differences to defend their freedom
The Persian Wars
Athens sent ships to help Ionian Greeks in a war
against Persian rule.
Victory at Marathon
Persian crushed the rebel cities
Landed to Marathon but overwhelmed by the fury of
the Athenians
Themistocles urged the Athenians to built a fleet of
warships and prepare other defenses
20. Xerxes (Darius’ son) sent larger force
Athens and Sparta joined forces
Small Spartan force led by King Leonidas defeated
the Persians
Persians marched to Athens but were also
defeated
Unity saved themselves from Persian threat
Results
Athens emerged as the most powerful city-state
Organized Delian League – alliance with other citystates
21. Golden age for Athens
Pericles – statesman
Economy thrived
Government become more democratic
Wise and skillful leadership
Political Life
All men should take part in the government
Salaries for men who held public office
Enabled poor men served the government
Direct democracy
22. Pericles hired the best architect
Rebuilt acropolis
Magnificent temples
Creating jobs for the artisans and workers
Asphasia – helped Pericles turn the Athens into a
cultural center of Greece
GREEK AGAINST GREEK
Resented Athenian dominations
Formed the Peloponnesian League
Sparta encouraged oligarchy
Warfare broke out between Athens and Sparta on
431 BC.
23. Spartans allied itself with Persia and captured
Athens
The Aftermath of War
Peloponnesian war ended Athens’ greatness
Sparta soon defeated by Thebes, another Greek
city-state
A new power rose in Macedonia, a kingdom to
the north
The ruler conquers the quarrelsome city-state
24. Plato – emphasized the importance of reason
Set up an academy
Divided the society into 3 classes
Workers – to produce the necessities of life
Soldiers – defend the state
Philosophers – to rule
Talented women should be educated and put to use by
the state
Aristotle
Plato’s most famous student
Promoted reason as the guiding force for learning
Set up a school, the Lyceum
He left writings on politics, ethics, logic, biology,
literature, physics and many others
27. Plays to honor Dionysus, god of fertility and wine
Actors wore costumes and masks
Dramas were based on myths and legends
Tragedy
Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides were the greatest
Athenian playwrights
Stories of suffering
Comedy
Humorous plays
Written by Aristophanes
ALEAXANDER AND THE HELLENISTIC AGE
Phillip II, the ambitious King of Macedonia, was
gradually bringing Greece under his control
28. King Phillip gained alliances with many Greek citystates through threats, bribery and diplomacy
He dreamed to conquer the Persian empire
He was murdered at his daughter’s wedding feast
Phillip’s wife, Olympias, put her son Alexander to the
throne
The Legacy of Alexander
Most lasting achievement was the spread of Greek
culture
Founded many new cities and named after him
Blending of eastern and western cultures occurred
Adopted Persian customs including Persian dress
After his death Hellenistic civilization emerged
29. Alexander at 20, was already an experienced
soldier
Saw himself as 2nd Achilles
Earned the title Alexander the Great
His punishment was swift and brutal
Ordered the city to be burned and inhabitants to
be killed or sold into slavery
Conquest of Persia
Alexander won his first victory at Granicus River
Victory through Asia Minor to Palestine and to
Egypt and then Babylon
30.
31. Sudden Death (Dowfall )
Alexander fell victim of a sudden fever and died
After years of disorder, three Generals divided
up the empire
Macedonia and Greece, Egypt and Persia
Alexandria
Located on the sea lanes between Europe and
Asia
Built enormous Lighthouse Pharos, among the 7
Wonders of the World
Built museums, laboratories, lecture halls, zoo,
and library
32. Learned to read and write
Held considerable power
In Egypt, Cleopatra came to rule
HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION
Employed armies of architects and artists
Mathematics and Sciences
Pythagorean by Pythagoras
The Elements wrote by Euclid, basis for modern
geometry
Aristarchus, the astronomer who argued that the
earth rotated on its axis and orbited around the sun
Archimedes, most famous scientist