Greek period overview

1. Greek Period
Presented by Rustam

2. Greek Period 1200 B.C
Cosmic Views
• Thales
• Democritus
• Heraclitus
• Anaxagoras
• Pythagoras
• Empedocles
Sophistic Views
• Hippocrates
• Socrates
• Plato
• Aristotle
• Alexander the great
• Herodotus

3. Cosmic Views
Thales (640-546 B.C)
• First philosopher scientist
• Water is the basic reality of
Physical world
• Concept of sensory
threshold
Democritus ( 460-362 B.C)
• Universe is Atoms moving in
an order.
• Human is the part of
universe so human being is
also Bodily Atoms and Soul
Atoms.

4. Cosmic Views
Heraclitus (500 B.C)
• Said that fire is the basic
element of universe
changing every time
Empedocles ( 490-435 B.C)
• Said that universe is
composed of fire, water,
clay and air and these four
elements are also found in
human body
• He was famous for his
theory of perception
Anaxagoras (500-428 B.C)
• Said that cosmos can be
studied with the help of
figure and order.
• The moon has no light of its
own but it is reflected from
the sun.

5. Pythagoras (580-497 B.C)
• First who use the word “Philosophy”.
• Great Mathematician
• Invented numbers
• Made quantitative observation of the universe.
• Universe is composed of fire, water, clay and air
• He said that mind is the superior to body.
• Drew a sharp distinction between soul and body
• Body is corrupting process where soul was trapped

6. Sophistic Views

7. Hippocrates 460-377 B.C
• Hippocrates II
• was a Greek physician
• Father of medicine.
• Born: Kos, Greece
• Died: Larissa, Greece
• Era: Classical Greece
• Hippocrates saved Athens from a plague epidemic
and for that was highly honored by the Athenians.

8. Four types of Human Temporal
• Phlegmatic: Man become lazy and sluggish
due to excess of Phlegm
• Choleric: Man becomes enthusiastic and
aggressive due to the excess of yellow bile
• Sanguine: Man becomes very cheerful, fatty
and easygoing due to the excess of blood.
• Melancholic: Man becomes quiet, serious and
pessimistic due to the excess of black bile

9. Socrates 469-399 B.C
• Greek philosopher
• Find your self
• Founder of Western philosophy,
• Explore the questions of ethics
• Poisoning forced suicide by king
• Present Inductive Logic
• He didn’t wrote any book
• His student Plato arranged his ideas in Republic

10. Work for Psychology
• Use word “Psyche” mean Soul, mind or self
• Psyche is self consciousness attain by truth
• Soul and Body are two different things
• His tutorial method becomes base for Freud
Psychoanalysis and discovery of unconscious
• It also became the base for Roger’s Therapy
• It also became the base for Jung’s analytic
Psychology on 20 century

11. Plato 427-347 B.C
• Most important philosopher ever
• Founder of the Platonist school
of thought and the Academy,
• Influenced by Socrates,
Pythagoras, Heraclitus.
• Student of Socrates
• Father of idealism in philosophy
• Present Mind-Body Dualism

12. Contribution in Psychology
• Idealistic Philosopher
• Ideas are eternal they are no born
neither die
• Soul is permanent while body could
be change
• Sensory organs create hindrance in
knowledge acquisition
Parts of Personality or soul
• Appetite; bodily needs
• Will; Drive to do something
• Intellect; ability to understand

13. Aristotle 384-322 B.C
• A Greek philosopher
• Student of Plato,
• De Anima book
• Founder of the Lyceum
• Totally opposites with his teacher
• Teacher of Alexander the Great
• Rejected Dualism
• Soul is perfect unity
• Man is a social Animal
• Human is a biological being
• Mind is a function of body process and experiences

14. Contribution in Psychology
Types of soul
• Vegetable soul
Present in plants
• Animal soul
Present in animals
• Rational soul
Present in humans
Association reasons
• Similarity
Similar patterns of two things
• Contiguity
Two things happening close
• Contrast
Two events are totally
opposite

15. Thanks