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Greek period
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- 2. Greek Period 1200B.C Cosmic Views • Thales • Democritus • Heraclitus • Anaxagoras • Pythagoras • Empedocles Sophistic Views • Hippocrates • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle • Alexander the great • Herodotus
- 3. Cosmic Views Thales (640-546B.C) • First philosopher scientist • Water is the basic reality of Physical world • Concept of sensory threshold Democritus ( 460-362 B.C) • Universe is Atoms moving in an order. • Human is the part of universe so human being is also Bodily Atoms and Soul Atoms.
- 4. Cosmic Views Heraclitus (500B.C) • Said that fire is the basic element of universe changing every time Empedocles ( 490-435 B.C) • Said that universe is composed of fire, water, clay and air and these four elements are also found in human body • He was famous for his theory of perception Anaxagoras (500-428 B.C) • Said that cosmos can be studied with the help of figure and order. • The moon has no light of its own but it is reflected from the sun.
- 5. Pythagoras (580-497 B.C) •First who use the word “Philosophy”. • Great Mathematician • Invented numbers • Made quantitative observation of the universe. • Universe is composed of fire, water, clay and air • He said that mind is the superior to body. • Drew a sharp distinction between soul and body • Body is corrupting process where soul was trapped
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- 7. Hippocrates 460-377 B.C •Hippocrates II • was a Greek physician • Father of medicine. • Born: Kos, Greece • Died: Larissa, Greece • Era: Classical Greece • Hippocrates saved Athens from a plague epidemic and for that was highly honored by the Athenians.
- 8. Four types ofHuman Temporal • Phlegmatic: Man become lazy and sluggish due to excess of Phlegm • Choleric: Man becomes enthusiastic and aggressive due to the excess of yellow bile • Sanguine: Man becomes very cheerful, fatty and easygoing due to the excess of blood. • Melancholic: Man becomes quiet, serious and pessimistic due to the excess of black bile
- 9. Socrates 469-399 B.C •Greek philosopher • Find your self • Founder of Western philosophy, • Explore the questions of ethics • Poisoning forced suicide by king • Present Inductive Logic • He didn’t wrote any book • His student Plato arranged his ideas in Republic
- 10. Work for Psychology •Use word “Psyche” mean Soul, mind or self • Psyche is self consciousness attain by truth • Soul and Body are two different things • His tutorial method becomes base for Freud Psychoanalysis and discovery of unconscious • It also became the base for Roger’s Therapy • It also became the base for Jung’s analytic Psychology on 20 century
- 11. Plato 427-347 B.C •Most important philosopher ever • Founder of the Platonist school of thought and the Academy, • Influenced by Socrates, Pythagoras, Heraclitus. • Student of Socrates • Father of idealism in philosophy • Present Mind-Body Dualism
- 12. Contribution in Psychology •Idealistic Philosopher • Ideas are eternal they are no born neither die • Soul is permanent while body could be change • Sensory organs create hindrance in knowledge acquisition Parts of Personality or soul • Appetite; bodily needs • Will; Drive to do something • Intellect; ability to understand
- 13. Aristotle 384-322 B.C •A Greek philosopher • Student of Plato, • De Anima book • Founder of the Lyceum • Totally opposites with his teacher • Teacher of Alexander the Great • Rejected Dualism • Soul is perfect unity • Man is a social Animal • Human is a biological being • Mind is a function of body process and experiences
- 14. Contribution in Psychology Typesof soul • Vegetable soul Present in plants • Animal soul Present in animals • Rational soul Present in humans Association reasons • Similarity Similar patterns of two things • Contiguity Two things happening close • Contrast Two events are totally opposite
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