Wet processing introduction ppt
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The document discusses wet processing in the textile industry. Wet processing includes bleaching, dyeing, printing, and finishing processes. There are three main types of wet processing: 1) Preparation processes like scouring and bleaching ensure the textile has properties for coloring or finishing. 2) Coloration processes like dyeing and printing add color for aesthetic or functional purposes. 3) Finishing processes provide properties demanded by the end use, such as water repellency or flame retardancy, and occur last to enhance fiber properties. Wet processing transforms raw fibers into a finished textile product.
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Scouring
Scouring is the process of removing natural and added impurities from textiles using alkali solutions. It makes fabrics hydrophilic and absorbent. There are two main methods - batch/discontinuous scouring using kier boilers, and continuous scouring using J-boxes. Key steps involve saponification of oils and emulsification of waxes. Souring neutralizes residual alkali on scoured fabrics using acids.
Quality control and testing in wet Processing
Quality control and testing are essential processes in the textile industry to ensure products meet specifications. There are several key steps:
1) Pretreatment processes like singeing, desizing, bleaching, and mercerization are tested for parameters like chemical concentrations, temperatures, and absorbency.
2) Dyeing and printing undergo physical tests for properties like colorfastness and chemical tests.
3) Finishing is tested for characteristics such as abrasion resistance, shrinkage, weather resistance, and burn resistance. Regular quality control and testing at all stages of production are vital for maintaining textile quality standards.
Desizing
1. Desizing is done to remove sizing agents like starch that were applied to warp yarns during weaving to facilitate the weaving process.
2. There are several methods of desizing including enzymatic, acid, and oxidative methods. Enzymatic desizing uses enzymes like amylase to break down starch into soluble sugars.
3. Proper control of factors like temperature, pH, and fabric speed are important for effective desizing when using the enzymatic method.
Roller printing.
Roller printing is a textile printing technique invented in 1783 that uses engraved copper rollers instead of hand-carved blocks. The design is engraved onto the copper roller, which is then electroplated with chrome for durability. Multiple rollers can be used to print one repeat of a design onto fabric passing over a central cylinder. Defects can occur due to scratches, loose threads, or uneven pressure, but roller printing allows for higher production compared to earlier techniques.
Scouring
The document discusses the scouring process, which involves removing natural and added impurities from textile fibers. There are three main methods for removing impurities: saponification, emulsification, and solubilization. Saponification converts impurities like oils and fats into water-soluble soaps. Emulsification forms suspensions of non-saponifiable impurities. Solubilization dissolves substances like pectin and proteins into soluble salts. The scouring process aims to remove all impurities and leave the fibers highly absorbent without damage. Common scouring agents include alkaline solutions, surfactants, and sometimes organic solvents.
Chemicals and Auxiliaries used in Textile Wet Processing
This document discusses various chemicals and auxiliaries used in textile wet processing. It defines auxiliaries as chemicals that help processing operations like preparation, dyeing and printing work more efficiently. Some common auxiliaries mentioned include surfactants, wetting agents, sequestering agents, dispersing agents and emulsifiers. Basic chemicals used in wet processing like acids, bases, salts, oxidizing and reducing agents are also discussed. The roles and examples of various chemicals are provided in concise points.
Chemical Processing Printing
Styles of printing; Printing thickeners including synthetic thickeners; Printing auxiliaries; Printing of cotton with reactive dyes, wool, silk, nylon with acid and metal complex dyes, Printing of polyester with disperse dyes; Pigment printing; Resist and discharge printing of cotton, silk and polyester; Transfer printing of polyester; Inkjet printing.
Desizing in textile
Desizing removes starch sizing agents from warp yarns that were applied before weaving to improve the weaving process. The main objectives of desizing are to remove this non-water-soluble starch so the fabric can undergo further wet processing like dyeing. Common desizing methods include rot steeping, which uses microbes to hydrolyze starch over 24 hours; acidic desizing, which uses dilute acid to hydrolyze starch in 8-12 hours; and enzymatic desizing, the most widely used modern method harnessing enzymes. Oxidative desizing can work on a variety of unknown sizes but may damage fibers if not carefully applied. The type of size, fabric construction, and desizing method
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Scouring
Scouring is the process of removing natural and added impurities from textiles using alkali solutions. It makes fabrics hydrophilic and absorbent. There are two main methods - batch/discontinuous scouring using kier boilers, and continuous scouring using J-boxes. Key steps involve saponification of oils and emulsification of waxes. Souring neutralizes residual alkali on scoured fabrics using acids.
Quality control and testing in wet Processing
Quality control and testing are essential processes in the textile industry to ensure products meet specifications. There are several key steps:
1) Pretreatment processes like singeing, desizing, bleaching, and mercerization are tested for parameters like chemical concentrations, temperatures, and absorbency.
2) Dyeing and printing undergo physical tests for properties like colorfastness and chemical tests.
3) Finishing is tested for characteristics such as abrasion resistance, shrinkage, weather resistance, and burn resistance. Regular quality control and testing at all stages of production are vital for maintaining textile quality standards.
Desizing
1. Desizing is done to remove sizing agents like starch that were applied to warp yarns during weaving to facilitate the weaving process.
2. There are several methods of desizing including enzymatic, acid, and oxidative methods. Enzymatic desizing uses enzymes like amylase to break down starch into soluble sugars.
3. Proper control of factors like temperature, pH, and fabric speed are important for effective desizing when using the enzymatic method.
Roller printing.
Roller printing is a textile printing technique invented in 1783 that uses engraved copper rollers instead of hand-carved blocks. The design is engraved onto the copper roller, which is then electroplated with chrome for durability. Multiple rollers can be used to print one repeat of a design onto fabric passing over a central cylinder. Defects can occur due to scratches, loose threads, or uneven pressure, but roller printing allows for higher production compared to earlier techniques.
Scouring
The document discusses the scouring process, which involves removing natural and added impurities from textile fibers. There are three main methods for removing impurities: saponification, emulsification, and solubilization. Saponification converts impurities like oils and fats into water-soluble soaps. Emulsification forms suspensions of non-saponifiable impurities. Solubilization dissolves substances like pectin and proteins into soluble salts. The scouring process aims to remove all impurities and leave the fibers highly absorbent without damage. Common scouring agents include alkaline solutions, surfactants, and sometimes organic solvents.
Chemicals and Auxiliaries used in Textile Wet Processing
This document discusses various chemicals and auxiliaries used in textile wet processing. It defines auxiliaries as chemicals that help processing operations like preparation, dyeing and printing work more efficiently. Some common auxiliaries mentioned include surfactants, wetting agents, sequestering agents, dispersing agents and emulsifiers. Basic chemicals used in wet processing like acids, bases, salts, oxidizing and reducing agents are also discussed. The roles and examples of various chemicals are provided in concise points.
Chemical Processing Printing
Styles of printing; Printing thickeners including synthetic thickeners; Printing auxiliaries; Printing of cotton with reactive dyes, wool, silk, nylon with acid and metal complex dyes, Printing of polyester with disperse dyes; Pigment printing; Resist and discharge printing of cotton, silk and polyester; Transfer printing of polyester; Inkjet printing.
Desizing in textile
Desizing removes starch sizing agents from warp yarns that were applied before weaving to improve the weaving process. The main objectives of desizing are to remove this non-water-soluble starch so the fabric can undergo further wet processing like dyeing. Common desizing methods include rot steeping, which uses microbes to hydrolyze starch over 24 hours; acidic desizing, which uses dilute acid to hydrolyze starch in 8-12 hours; and enzymatic desizing, the most widely used modern method harnessing enzymes. Oxidative desizing can work on a variety of unknown sizes but may damage fibers if not carefully applied. The type of size, fabric construction, and desizing method
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This presentation summarizes the scouring process used in textile engineering. Scouring involves treating textiles with alkali to remove oils, fats, waxes and other impurities. It increases the absorbency of textiles. There are two main scouring methods - discontinuous scouring using a kier boiler, and continuous scouring using a J-box system. The kier boiler involves loading fabric into a cylindrical vessel and spraying it with hot alkaline liquor over several hours. The J-box method scours open-width fabric using rolls to impregnate it with alkali and heat it in the J-shaped box for 30 minutes. Both processes aim to saponify oils and emuls
Screen Printing
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Mercerization
The document discusses the process of mercerizing cotton fabrics. Mercerizing involves treating cotton yarns or fabrics with a cold or hot solution of sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) under tension to improve properties like strength, luster, and dye affinity. Specifically, swelling the cotton fibers in the caustic soda solution changes their cross-sectional shape and increases luster when the tension is maintained during washing. There are different methods for mercerizing yarns, knits, and woven fabrics either as batches or continuously. The advantages of mercerizing include brighter dye colors, better color retention after washing, and increased strength, smoothness, and resistance to damage.
Mercerization
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The document summarizes various types of textile finishing processes. It discusses classifications of finishing based on the nature of finish, degree of permanence, and performance. It then provides examples and brief explanations of common finishing processes like optical finishing, compacting, calendaring, brushing, raising, napping, shearing, resin finish, softener treatment, water repellent finish, and anti-microbial finish. The objectives and mechanisms of different finishes are also outlined.
Softning finishes
Softening finishes are important textile after treatments that can make fabrics softer through the use of chemical softeners. Softening finishes work by orienting softener molecules on fiber surfaces and penetrating fibers to plasticize the polymer chains, reducing brittleness. This creates properties like softness, fullness, smoothness, flexibility, drape and pliability. The three main types of softeners are cationic, anionic and non-ionic softeners, which work through different molecular interactions with fibers. Silicone softeners also provide unique softness and properties. While softeners improve handle, some can reduce durability, cause discoloration or affect dye properties.
Study on Identification of Fibres by Burning Test | Burning Test of Fibre
This lab report summarizes an experiment on identifying fibers through burning tests. Key findings include:
1. Different fibers burn with distinct characteristics - cotton burns steadily like leaves, linen is brittle, silk smells like burning hair, wool is difficult to ignite.
2. Synthetic fibers like acetate, acrylic, nylon and polyester melt and burn at the same time, leaving hard ashes with distinctive smells.
3. Rayon burns rapidly like burning leaves. Limitations are that some fibers have similar reactions, requiring caution in identification.
Jigger dyeing machine
This document provides information about jigger dyeing machines. It discusses that jigger dyeing machines apply tension to woven fabrics as they pass through a dye bath. The document outlines the main parts of jigger dyeing machines, including guide rollers, take up rollers, let off rollers, and dye baths. It also discusses technical details like fabric tension and speed. The document summarizes advantages of modern jigger dyeing machines like improved tension and speed control. It notes that jiggers are suitable for dyeing woven fabrics up to boiling temperatures without creasing.
Mercerization
1. Mercerization is a finishing treatment for cotton that improves luster, hardness, and other properties by treating cotton with a strong alkaline solution.
2. It involves immersing cotton yarn or fabric under tension in a cold sodium hydroxide solution, then neutralizing it in acid. This causes swelling of the cotton fibers and increases their luster.
3. The ideal conditions for mercerization are a caustic concentration of 250-320 g/L at 18-20°C for 30-60 seconds, as this provides the best luster with minimal shrinkage.
Dyeing lecture
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Steps of Wet Processing Technology
This document provides an overview of wet processing techniques in the textile industry, including scouring, bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing, printing, and finishing. It discusses the various types of processes under each technique, provides examples of chemicals and equipment used, and includes diagrams to illustrate how each process works. The conclusion emphasizes that wet processing requires well-trained workers and developments are ongoing to improve quality, competitiveness, and sustainability while satisfying customer needs. Links to related Facebook pages on textile manufacturing topics are also provided.
Chemical finishing in technical textile
Technical textiles are fabrics designed for their technical performance properties rather than aesthetics. Textile finishing treatments enhance fabric qualities after dyeing. There are various types of chemical finishes that impart new properties like waterproofing, flame resistance, and antimicrobial effects. Key chemical finishes discussed include waterproofing and water repellent finishes using chemicals like vulcanized rubber or fluorocarbons, flame repellent finishes using bromine or phosphorus, and antimicrobial finishes using triclosan or metallic salts. The presentation concludes that textile finishes significantly improve fabric appearance, performance, and protection from damages.
Dyeing of knitted fabrics
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Pretreatment of textile materials
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Textile finishing
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Scouring and bleaching in textiles
This document summarizes scouring and bleaching processes in textiles. Scouring removes impurities like oils, wax and dirt to make materials hydrophilic. Bleaching destroys natural colors to produce a white material. Key points include: scouring uses saponification and emulsification, while bleaching uses hypochlorite or peroxide reactions; continuous processes use a J-box machine and batch processes use a kier boiler; the mechanisms and importance of each process are described.
Softening Finishes
Softening finishes are important textile treatments that make fabrics feel softer. Chemical softeners allow fabrics to have a soft, smooth hand. The main types of softeners are cationic, anionic, non-ionic, and amphoteric softeners. Cationic softeners provide excellent softening but can cause yellowing, while anionic softeners have lower softening ability but better compatibility. Silicone softeners provide unique softness and properties like durability and heat stability, but can be expensive. Softener selection depends on the desired properties like fastness, compatibility with other chemicals, and effect on processes like seam slippage or drying.
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This presentation summarizes the scouring process used in textile engineering. Scouring involves treating textiles with alkali to remove oils, fats, waxes and other impurities. It increases the absorbency of textiles. There are two main scouring methods - discontinuous scouring using a kier boiler, and continuous scouring using a J-box system. The kier boiler involves loading fabric into a cylindrical vessel and spraying it with hot alkaline liquor over several hours. The J-box method scours open-width fabric using rolls to impregnate it with alkali and heat it in the J-shaped box for 30 minutes. Both processes aim to saponify oils and emuls
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This document provides an overview of various textile printing methods, with a focus on screen printing. It describes the screen printing process, including screen preparation using photochemical methods, squeegee systems, factors that affect ink passing through screens, and flatbed and rotary screen printing methods. Rotary screen printing is highlighted as the most productive method, controlling approximately 65% of the printed fabric market worldwide by allowing for continuous printing and quick pattern changes. Defects that can occur during screen printing are also outlined.
Mercerization
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The document summarizes various types of textile finishing processes. It discusses classifications of finishing based on the nature of finish, degree of permanence, and performance. It then provides examples and brief explanations of common finishing processes like optical finishing, compacting, calendaring, brushing, raising, napping, shearing, resin finish, softener treatment, water repellent finish, and anti-microbial finish. The objectives and mechanisms of different finishes are also outlined.
Softning finishes
Softening finishes are important textile after treatments that can make fabrics softer through the use of chemical softeners. Softening finishes work by orienting softener molecules on fiber surfaces and penetrating fibers to plasticize the polymer chains, reducing brittleness. This creates properties like softness, fullness, smoothness, flexibility, drape and pliability. The three main types of softeners are cationic, anionic and non-ionic softeners, which work through different molecular interactions with fibers. Silicone softeners also provide unique softness and properties. While softeners improve handle, some can reduce durability, cause discoloration or affect dye properties.
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This lab report summarizes an experiment on identifying fibers through burning tests. Key findings include:
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2. Synthetic fibers like acetate, acrylic, nylon and polyester melt and burn at the same time, leaving hard ashes with distinctive smells.
3. Rayon burns rapidly like burning leaves. Limitations are that some fibers have similar reactions, requiring caution in identification.
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This document provides information about jigger dyeing machines. It discusses that jigger dyeing machines apply tension to woven fabrics as they pass through a dye bath. The document outlines the main parts of jigger dyeing machines, including guide rollers, take up rollers, let off rollers, and dye baths. It also discusses technical details like fabric tension and speed. The document summarizes advantages of modern jigger dyeing machines like improved tension and speed control. It notes that jiggers are suitable for dyeing woven fabrics up to boiling temperatures without creasing.
Mercerization
1. Mercerization is a finishing treatment for cotton that improves luster, hardness, and other properties by treating cotton with a strong alkaline solution.
2. It involves immersing cotton yarn or fabric under tension in a cold sodium hydroxide solution, then neutralizing it in acid. This causes swelling of the cotton fibers and increases their luster.
3. The ideal conditions for mercerization are a caustic concentration of 250-320 g/L at 18-20°C for 30-60 seconds, as this provides the best luster with minimal shrinkage.
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The document provides an overview of different textile manufacturing processes, focusing on fabric coloration methods. It discusses the two main methods - dyeing and printing. For dyeing, it describes different dye types and dyeing processes like direct dyeing, stock dyeing, yarn dyeing, and piece dyeing. It provides details on each process and the types of fabrics they are suited for. The summary highlights the key coloration methods covered in the document.
Steps of Wet Processing Technology
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Technical textiles are fabrics designed for their technical performance properties rather than aesthetics. Textile finishing treatments enhance fabric qualities after dyeing. There are various types of chemical finishes that impart new properties like waterproofing, flame resistance, and antimicrobial effects. Key chemical finishes discussed include waterproofing and water repellent finishes using chemicals like vulcanized rubber or fluorocarbons, flame repellent finishes using bromine or phosphorus, and antimicrobial finishes using triclosan or metallic salts. The presentation concludes that textile finishes significantly improve fabric appearance, performance, and protection from damages.
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Pretreatment of textile materials
The document discusses the process of singeing textiles. Singeing involves burning off protruding fibers from fabric surfaces to improve smoothness and luster. It can be done using gas singeing machines, which pass fabric over flames, or hot plate/roller machines. Key factors that affect singeing include flame intensity, fabric speed and temperature, and fiber type. Singeing removes fuzz to create a uniform, lustrous surface that reflects light evenly.
Textile finishing
Textile finishing involves mechanical or chemical processes to increase a material's aesthetic and functional properties. It is done to make materials more presentable and durable for customers. There are different types of finishes including aesthetic finishes to modify appearance; functional finishes to improve performance; physical/mechanical finishes using treatments like calendaring and napping; and chemical finishes applied with chemicals and curing. Examples of specific finishes are crease-resistant for wrinkle-free fabrics, water-repellent for outdoor wear, and antimicrobial to protect against microbes. Finishing aims to enhance properties like appearance, feel, durability, and functionality.
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Textile finishing
This document provides an overview of textile finishing processes. It defines textile finishing as treatments applied to fibers, yarns, or fabrics to impart desired functional properties. These finishes are broadly classified into mechanical, chemical, and enzyme finishes. The document then describes various mechanical processes like calendaring and chemical processes like flame retardant treatments. It also discusses enzyme finishing and some specific thread finishing techniques.
Scouring and bleaching in textiles
This document summarizes scouring and bleaching processes in textiles. Scouring removes impurities like oils, wax and dirt to make materials hydrophilic. Bleaching destroys natural colors to produce a white material. Key points include: scouring uses saponification and emulsification, while bleaching uses hypochlorite or peroxide reactions; continuous processes use a J-box machine and batch processes use a kier boiler; the mechanisms and importance of each process are described.
Softening Finishes
Softening finishes are important textile treatments that make fabrics feel softer. Chemical softeners allow fabrics to have a soft, smooth hand. The main types of softeners are cationic, anionic, non-ionic, and amphoteric softeners. Cationic softeners provide excellent softening but can cause yellowing, while anionic softeners have lower softening ability but better compatibility. Silicone softeners provide unique softness and properties like durability and heat stability, but can be expensive. Softener selection depends on the desired properties like fastness, compatibility with other chemicals, and effect on processes like seam slippage or drying.
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Wet processing is the process used to convert grey fabric into finished fabric. It involves several key steps: pre-treatment processes like singeing, desizing, scouring, and bleaching are used to clean and prepare the fabric. Then dyeing or printing is used to impart color. Finally, finishing processes are applied to provide specific characteristics. The wet processing of cotton fabric typically involves singeing to remove fuzz, desizing to remove size, scouring to remove natural and added impurities, bleaching to remove natural color, and optional mercerization to improve luster before dyeing and finishing.
Dyingkjkmj
The document provides information about textile processing and the associated chemicals used. It discusses the various steps in textile processing including pretreatment methods like singeing, desizing, and bleaching. It then covers dyeing processes like direct dyeing, naphthol dyes, vat dyes, and reactive dyes. Finishing and printing are also mentioned. The document lists chemicals used at different stages and provides profiles of 5 companies that manufacture textile processing auxiliaries and chemicals.
Dying
The document provides information about textile processing and the associated chemicals used. It discusses the various steps in textile processing including pretreatment methods like singeing, desizing, and bleaching. It then covers dyeing processes like direct dyeing, naphthol dyes, vat dyes, and reactive dyes. Finishing and printing are also mentioned. The document lists chemicals used at different stages and provides profiles of 5 companies that manufacture textile processing auxiliaries and chemicals.
Wrinkle finishing technique (Wrinkle effect)
A wrinkle, also known as a rhytide, is a fold, ridge or crease in the cloth or garments. Wrinkle is a particular type of pressure in the finished fabric. It is produced during finishing operations by the thickness of the seam used to join pieces for processing.Resin & its use in Denim garments industry to create unique & vintage looks which add value to denim garments & improves it sale ability in market. In 80’s we have seen Resin being used to give non press , iron free trousers & now we are using in Denims to make wrinkles & creases to look natural vintage which stays after multiple home laundries.
Wrinkle Finishing Technique
Wrinkle resistance varies from quite low in many fabrics to very high in resilient fabrics. In order to form a wrinkle, a fabric’s wrinkle resistance must be overcome. The fabric may, however, produce strains and store potential energy that can become evident as wrinkle recovery under suitable conditions.Resin & its use in Denim garments industry to create unique & vintage looks which add value to denim garments & improves it sale ability in market. In 80’s we have seen Resin being used to give non press , iron free trousers & now we are using in Denims to make wrinkles & creases to look natural vintage which stays after multiple home laundries.
TEXTILE FINISHES
Textile finishes improve the appearance, feel, and functionality of fabrics. There are two main types of finishes - aesthetic finishes which improve visual qualities like texture or sheen, and functional finishes which provide benefits like stain resistance or crease resistance. Finishing processes include scouring to remove impurities, bleaching to produce a pure white color, dyeing or printing to add color patterns, and calendaring to produce a smooth texture. Properly finished fabrics have enhanced durability, comfort, and performance properties for long-lasting use.
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Importance of Textile Chemical Finishing in Textile industry
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Types of store layout
Linear design, checkerboard pattern.
Vertical and horizontal aisles
May have one main aisle and many secondary aisles.
Efficient use of space
Simple and predictable to navigate
Focal points at aisle ends
Major Customer Aisle(s) Begins At Entrance, Loops Through The Store (Usually In Shape Of Circle, Square Or Rectangle) And Returns Customer To Front Of Store.
Exposes Shoppers To The Greatest Possible Amount Of Merchandise By Encouraging Browsing And Cross-shopping
Idea oriented- furniture , linen
Color presentation
Price lining
Frontage presentation- presenting one out of the lot
Vertical merchandise- presented vertically high. people have a tendency to see from top left to right. All national level brand are displayed up and their own brand in the middle
Visual merchandising and display
Explain the importance of visual merchandising
Describe the two main areas of store layout
Summarize the aspects of merchandise presentation
Describe the components of in-store displays
List the advantages, disadvantages, and types of window displays
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Selling areas (75%-80%)
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Sales support areas
Customer services and all other operations
Grid layout
One or more main aisles with secondary aisles intersecting
Understanding the guide sheet and symbols ppt
Indicates the placement of pattern piece on the fabric grain. Grain line must be placed exactly parallel to the selvage.
Selvage is the fabric edge that will not ravel or fray.
Use tape measure to make sure grain line is parallel to selvage when pinning pattern in place.
Used to match fabric pieces together – show us what to sew together and where.
They are especially helpful in areas requiring easing like sleeves.
May be within garment piece to indicate placement of details like pockets or zippers.
Used to match fabric pieces together – show us what to sew together and where.
They are especially helpful in areas requiring easing like sleeves.
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Dots, Squares, or Triangles
Used to match fabric pieces together – show us what to sew together and where.
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May be within garment piece to indicate placement of details like pockets or zippers
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Knitted fabric
Knitted fabrics are made from interlocking loops of yarn. There are two main types of knitting: weft knits and warp knits. In weft knitting, loops are linked across the width, while in warp knitting loops are linked vertically. Weft knits can be made by hand or machine and have stretch and retain heat, but can lose shape. Warp knits are made quickly by machine, are elastic but hold their shape, and lie flat when cut.
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Wet processing introduction ppt
- 1. S.SUGANTHI M.Sc., M.Phil. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF FASHION TECHNOLOGY BON SCOURS COLLEGE FOR WOMEN THANJAVUR
- 2. What is wet processing: The textile wet processing sector of the textile industry exist in order to carry out all the processes on the textile that involve some form of wet treatment. It include the process such as Bleaching Dyeing Printing Finishing
- 3. Functions of wet processing Three type of process involve in textile wet processing Preparation process Exist to ensure that the textile has the right physical and chemical properties to enable it to be colored or finish. For example Scouring Bleaching Heat setting etc.
- 4. Functions of wet processing Preparation process : Textiles are often in vary impure state when arrived at the coloration stage like a woven fabric still contain a great deal of impurities when arrives at dyeing or printing stage. These impurities must be removed before dyeing and printing otherwise they spoil the coloration process and appearance of textile. Man made fibers also will need to be cleaned up in some cases.
- 5. Functions of wet processing Coloration process Exist to provide the textile with color either for aesthetic reasons or for some functional purpose determined by the end use of the product. The process by which the textile materials are coloured by different types of dye or pigments, related chemicals required water is called dyeing. Localized application of dyestuff or pigments on fabric according to the predetermined design is called printing. For example Dyeing Printing
- 6. Functions of wet processing Coloration process: we no only color textiles in order to make them more attractive but also for some important purposes like printing of military uniform for camouflage purpose not for aesthetic purpose.
- 7. Functions of wet processing Finishing process Exist to provide the textile with the properties that the end use demands and which have not already been provided by any earlier process. For example Water repellency Antimicrobial flame retardancy etc.
- 8. Function of wet processing Finishing process: As the name suggest finishing processes comes at the end of a series of processes typically right at the end of the whole processing sequence of textile. When textile reaches the finishing stage, the process have gone before may have impaired or even destroyed some of the properties of the fiber that it would be desirable to have retained in the final product. The finishing process is carried out to re-introduced the properties or to increase them.
- 9. The processing of textile from the original loose raw fiber to the final product it is helpful to understand when processes could occur.