Wet

1. Wet Processing Engineering
Wet Processing Engineering is one of the major streams in
textile engineering refers to textile chemicals process
engineering and applied science. The other three streams
in textile engineering are yarn engineering, fabric
engineering and apparel engineering.
Pretreatments
Introduction to Wet Processing Technology

2. What is Wet Processing?
Wet process: wet means aqueous. So the process which
is carried out in an aqueous medium/stage with chemical
on/in textile material/surface is called wet process. This
usually covers pretreatment, dyeing, printing & finishing.
In another word, the process is applied on textile in form of liquid
with involves some for chemical action on the textile is called
wet processing.
Example: pretreatment (Scouring, Bleaching, Mercerizing
etc.), dyeing, finishing, washing, printing etc.
Pretreatments

3. Basic operation involved in wet processing
Three basic operations involved in wet processing
1.Pretreatment
2.Coloration
3.Finishing
Dyeing
Printing
Pretreatments

4. Coloration process
The process by which textile materials are prepared for coloration or
next processes are called pretreatment process.
Example: Scouring, Bleaching, Bio-polishing etc.
Pretreatment process
• It is done to coloration of the textile materials for aesthetic reasons
or for some functional purpose determined by the end-use of the
product
• Example: Dyeing, Printing etc.
Finishing process
• It is done to provide the textile materials with the properties that the
end use demands and which have not already been provided by any
earlier processes.
• Example: Water Repellency, Flame Repellency, Anti-soiling finish etc.

5. Process Sequence of Wet Processing
Pretreatments

6. Grey Fabric Inspection
Sewing or Stitching
Brushing
Shearing / Cropping
Singeing Desizing
Scouring
Bleaching Mercerizing
Dyeing Printing
Finishing
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Process Sequence of Wet Processing/ Flow chart of wet processing
technology

7. • Grey Fabric Inspection: It is the process to identify faulty fabrics, remove neps, warp end
breakage, weft end breakage etc.
• Stitching: To increase the length of the fabric for making suitable for further processing is
called stitching.
• Brushing: To remove the dirt, dust, loose fiber & loose ends of the warp & weft threads is
known as brushing.
• Shearing/Cropping: The process by which the attached ends of the warp & weft thread is
removed by cutting by the knives or blades is called shearing. Shearing is done for cotton &
cropping for jute. After Shearing or cropping fabrics goes under singeing process.
• Singeing: The process by which the protruding / projecting fibres are removed from the
fabrics by burning / heat to increase the smoothness of the fabric is called singeing.
• Desizing: The process by which the sizing mtls (starch) are removed from the fabric is
known as desizing.
• Scouring: The process by which the natural impurities (oil, wax, fat etc) &
added/external/adventitious impurities (dirt, dust etc) are removed from the fabric is
called scouring. It is done by strong NaOH.

8. • Bleaching: The process of destroy the natural coloring matter by treating with some
oxidizing or reducing agent to give the permanent whiteness of the fabric is called
bleaching
• Mercerizing: Mercerization is a physic- chemical process where cotton goods are
treated with 12- 25% caustic soda solution at room temperature to impart some
properties such as strength, absorbency capacity, and luster.
• It is necessary to hold the material under tension and wash thoroughly
• Dyeing: Dyeing is a process by which some physical and chemical change happens in
textile material so that it looks colorful.
• Printing: The textile printing is the art of design by mechanical and chemical
application.
• Finishing: Then finishing treatment are done according to buyer requirements and
then folding, packaging, and at last delivery
• Delivery: it is the last step of wet processing Technology.