Week 4 (Recovery)
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The document provides an overview of major developments in India, the Islamic world, and Europe between 1300-1600 CE. It discusses the rise of the Mughal Empire in India under emperors like Babur and Akbar, the expansion of the Ottoman Empire, the growth of trade in the Indian Ocean, and the cultural and artistic Renaissance in northern Italian city-states. It also summarizes the unification of Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella and their policies concerning the Reconquista of the Iberian peninsula from Moorish rule.
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The Ottoman Empire rose to power in the late 13th century and grew substantially over the next few centuries through military conquests. Key events included Mehmed the Conqueror's capture of Constantinople in 1453, establishing Istanbul as the new capital, and Suleiman the Magnificent's expansion into Central Europe in the 15th-16th centuries. However, the Ottoman Empire then entered a long period of stagnation and decline, gradually losing territory to European powers from the 17th century onward until its dissolution in 1922 after World War 1.
The center of islamic civilization in the world
The document lists several historic cities that were centers of Islamic civilization throughout the world, including:
- Makkah - The birthplace of Islam and home to the Kaaba, it was the early center of Islamic religious study.
- Madinah - Where the Prophet Muhammad established the first mosque and Islamic state and is now a holy city.
- Baghdad - It thrived as a center of culture and learning during the Abbasid Caliphate but was later sacked by invading armies.
- Cairo - Established as the capital of Egypt under the Fatimid dynasty and home to Al-Azhar, one of the oldest universities in the world.
Ch.6b-Early Russia & Islam
1. In the 9th century, the Varangians (Swedish Norsemen) settled in Russia along river routes and the city of Novgorod invited the Varangian ruler Rurik to take over, establishing the first ruling dynasty of Russia.
2. Kiev became the center of early Russian state in the 10th century under Rurik's dynasty, and remained an important city for 300 years as the area became known as Russia.
3. In the 10th century, Prince Vladimir adopted Christianity, making it the official religion of Kievan Rus and cutting ties with the Western Roman Empire in favor of the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Week 13 (The HIgh Middle Ages)
The document summarizes the key events and developments of the High Middle Ages from 1000-1300 AD. During this time, feudalism dominated politics and society in Europe. The feudal system organized people into classes of lords, vassals, and peasants. The Catholic Church also greatly influenced medieval culture and politics. Other major developments included the rise of medieval universities, the conflict between kings and popes, the Black Death pandemic, and the growth of trade along routes like the Silk Road.
Period 4 review14501750
This document provides an overview of world history from 1450-1750, covering major empires and developments across Afro-Eurasia and the Americas. It discusses the rise of absolutism, global trade networks, coercive labor systems, and religious rivalries during this period. Specific empires and regions highlighted include Ming China, Tokugawa Japan, the Ottoman Empire, Mughal India, western European powers, African kingdoms, Russian states, and Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Americas.
Ch 15 ppt wrap up unit 2[1]
The document summarizes key changes and events in several regions of the world from the 14th to 15th centuries. The Mongol Empire declined after destroying the Abbasid Caliphate in the 13th century. The Byzantine Empire fell to the Ottoman Turks in 1453. The Ming dynasty replaced the Yuan dynasty in China and pursued expansionist policies. The Black Death devastated Europe's population in 1348. Western European monarchies grew stronger through the Reconquista of Iberia from Muslims. Prince Henry of Portugal sponsored voyages of exploration along the west African coast in the early 14th century, laying the foundations for wider European exploration.
History of Thought - Part 4 from the Renaissance to the Industrial REvolution
History of Thought - Part 4 from the Renaissance to the Industrial REvolution for UC Berkeley lectures (2014) - Excerpted from "A Brief History of Knowledge" http://www.scaruffi.com/know/history.html I keep updating this presentation at http://www.scaruffi.com/univ/slideshot.html
Chapter 21: Muslim Empires Summary notes
The document summarizes the three major Muslim empires that emerged after the Mongol conquests: the Ottoman Empire, the Safavid Empire, and the Mughal Empire in India. All three empires had strong militaries supported by gunpowder technology and absolute monarchies. Over time, problems like weak rulers, oppression of peasants, and ignoring European military advances led to the decline of these once powerful empires.
Ottoman report
My source in this report was a video from you tube entitled "Ottoman Empire the war machine". I watched the video and scripted the knowledge that I acquired from the video.
Week 11 (After Rome)
The document summarizes major developments in the post-Roman world between 500-1000 AD, including the establishment of the Byzantine Empire, the rise of Islam and the Arab Empire, and the rule of Charlemagne and the Carolingians in western Europe. The Byzantine Empire continued the Eastern Roman Empire centered in Constantinople. The religion of Islam emerged in Arabia and rapidly expanded a large Arab Empire. In the west, Germanic kingdoms developed as the Franks rose to power under Charlemagne, who established a renaissance and unified much of Europe as the leader of the Carolingian Empire.
World Connections 1250-1450
Between 1250-1450, improved navigation and protection led to increased travel, trade, and cultural exchanges between distant empires and kingdoms. Key exchanges included the magnetic compass from China, sugarcane from Southeast Asia, and gunpowder from China, which impacted maritime trade, agriculture, and weapon technology respectively. Notable travelers during this period were Marco Polo and Ibn Battuta, whose accounts documented widespread Islamic influence and inspired further exploration. Global trade networks expanded as the Venetian-dominated Mediterranean trade linked to Indian Ocean monsoon-based commerce. Meanwhile, Chinese expeditions under Zheng He explored the Indian Ocean region until voyages were ended under the Ming Dynasty. Seeking new trade routes,
Post class islam spreads
This document provides an overview of the spread of Islam in several regions following the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate in the 13th century. It discusses:
1) The Umayyad conquest of Spain and the establishment of Al-Andalus, a prosperous Muslim civilization that lasted until the 15th century reconquista.
2) The Delhi Sultanate's rule over northern India from the 13th-16th centuries, which introduced Indo-Muslim fusion of culture and established Urdu.
3) The conversion of Anatolia to Islam after the 11th century due to Sufi missionaries and its role as the heart of the Ottoman Empire by 1500.
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History of Thought - Part 4 from the Renaissance to the Industrial REvolution
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Week 16 (Sectionalism and the Civil War)
The Civil War began as tensions rose between the North and South over the issues of states' rights and slavery. The Compromise of 1850 attempted to address these tensions but failed to provide a long-term solution. Violence increased throughout the 1850s as the country moved toward civil war. Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860, prompting Southern states to secede and form the Confederate States of America. The Civil War officially began in April 1861 and resulted in over 600,000 casualties before ending in April 1865 with the Union victory and emancipation of slaves.
Week 12 (The Long 19th Century)
The document summarizes the major events, ideologies, and artistic movements between 1815-1848, known as the Long 19th Century. Key developments included the Congress of Vienna establishing balance of power in Europe after Napoleon's defeat, and the rise of new political ideologies like conservatism, liberalism, socialism, and nationalism. Romanticism grew as an artistic reaction to Enlightenment thinking, emphasizing emotion and nature. Metternich and other conservatives sought to suppress revolutionary ideas, while liberals pushed for constitutional rights and nationalism united people around shared identities and aspirations for nation-states.
Week 13 (Nationalism)
This document discusses the rise of nationalism in Europe between 1815 and 1871. It provides an overview of key events that contributed to nationalism such as the Revolutions of 1848 in response to conservative rule, the development of communist ideas by Marx and Engels, and the establishment of the Second French Republic in 1848. It also describes how nationalism united previously divided states like Italy and Germany through the leadership of figures like Cavour, Garibaldi and Bismarck and the defeat of France in the Franco-Prussian War.
HIS 102 8 The French Revolution
The French Revolution occurred from 1789 to 1815 and established a republic that underwent several different governmental periods. This included the National Assembly, Legislative Assembly, National Convention which established the Reign of Terror led by Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety that executed over 10,000 people. Napoleon later rose to power, first becoming Consul and then crowning himself Emperor in 1804, establishing the First French Empire that engaged in numerous military campaigns across Europe until his eventual defeat at Waterloo in 1815.
HIS 102 7 18th century
This document provides an overview of European states and the French Revolution in the late 18th century. It discusses the rise of Enlightened Absolutism among European monarchs, the economic and social changes brought on by the Agricultural and Consumer Revolutions, and the military conflicts including the Seven Years' War. It then focuses on the political and economic crisis in late 18th century France, including the calling of the Estates-General and the storming of the Bastille on July 14, 1789, marking the beginning of the French Revolution.
HIS 121 5 Revolutionary America 1763-1783
This document provides an outline summarizing key events and developments during the American Revolutionary period from 1763 to 1783. It discusses the tightening British control over the colonies, the growing tensions between Patriots and Loyalists, the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and the major battles of the Revolutionary War. It also examines the radical implications of the Revolution in establishing republican principles of popular sovereignty, civic virtue, and natural rights over monarchical rule.
Week 3 (Rivers and Nomads)
This document provides an overview of ancient Egypt between c. 5000-1200 BC. It discusses the geography of Egypt and the importance of the Nile River. It then outlines the major historical periods and rulers of ancient Egypt, from the Predynastic and Archaic Period to the New Kingdom and Late Period. Key aspects of Egyptian civilization discussed include hieroglyphics, pyramids and funerary architecture, religion, and important pharaohs like Hatshepsut, Ramses II, and Akhenaten.
Week 4 (Nomads and States)
The document summarizes major civilizations and events in the Bronze Age Near East between 2000 BC to 500 BC in 3 paragraphs:
1) The Babylonians led by Hammurabi established the first Babylonian empire in Mesopotamia in the early 2nd millennium BC. The Hittites also formed an empire in Anatolia during this time.
2) The Assyrians rose to power in the Iron Age following the collapse of the Bronze Age. They expanded their empire throughout the Near East under rulers like Tiglath-pileser III and Ashurbanipal.
3) Indo-European peoples like the Aryans migrated to India and established Vedic
Week 2 (Mesopotamia)
The document summarizes the emergence of early civilizations in Mesopotamia, specifically Sumer, between 8000-2000 BC. Key points include:
- Sumer was one of the earliest civilizations, centered around urban settlements along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Mesopotamia.
- Sumerian cities developed distinct social, political, religious, and economic structures, including the earliest system of writing known as cuneiform.
- Favorable environmental conditions like flooding of the rivers and deposition of silt encouraged the rise of agriculture and larger, permanent cities in Mesopotamia during this period.
Week 3 (Egypt)
The document provides an overview of ancient Egyptian history from c. 3000 BC to the Roman conquest in 33 BC. It outlines the major historical periods and dynasties, important pharaohs such as Narmer, Djoser, Snefru, Khufu, Khafre, Menkaure, Hatshepsut, Ramses II, Akhenaten, and Tutankhamen. It also describes key aspects of ancient Egyptian civilization like the geography of Egypt, hieroglyphics, monumental architecture including pyramids and temples, burial practices, religion, and mummification. The document uses images to illustrate important sites, artifacts, and figures from ancient Egypt.
Week 2 (Rivers)
This document provides an overview of early civilizations that emerged around river valleys between 4000-2000 BC. It discusses the rise of urban centers in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley that were supported by agriculture along major rivers. These early civilizations exhibited distinct social hierarchies, religious structures, and the development of writing systems like cuneiform. Specific examples are given of early Sumerian city-states like Uruk and Ur that built ziggurats and established dynasties during the Bronze Age. The document also notes the later Akkadian Empire that expanded territorial rule across Mesopotamia under rulers like Sargon and Naram-Sin.
Week 1 (Introduction)
This document provides an overview and chronology of the Stone Age period from approximately 10,000 BC to 3000 BC. It discusses early human societies such as nomadic hunter-gatherer bands and the Neolithic Revolution around 10,000 BC when humans transitioned to an agricultural lifestyle, domesticating plants and animals. Key developments during this period included the rise of sedentary settlements and the emergence of the first civilizations along major river valleys in the Middle East.
Week 1 (Introduction)
This document provides an overview and syllabus for a course on history called "Becoming Human: The Stone Age". It discusses key topics that will be covered in the course including hominids, the New Stone Age, civilization, and homework assignments. The document also includes quotes from James Mattis on the importance of studying history and provides timelines and information on the spread of early humans, the Neolithic Age, domestication of plants and animals, and the birth of early civilizations.
Week 13 (The Early Middle Ages)
The document provides an overview of the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the rise of new political entities in Europe between 200-1000 AD. It discusses the decline of the Roman Empire, the establishment of the Byzantine Empire, the spread of Islam and the Arab Caliphate, and the emergence of new Germanic kingdoms like the Franks and the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne. The period saw the transition from classical antiquity to the Middle Ages in Europe and the rise of new religious and political forces like Christianity, Islam, and decentralized feudal rule.
Week 15 (The High Middle Ages)
The document summarizes key developments during the High Middle Ages from 900-1300 AD. It discusses the Cluny Reforms that revitalized the Catholic Church, the Crusades launched to retake the Holy Land from Muslim rule, and the rise of feudalism and manorialism in medieval Europe. It also describes the growth of towns, trade, and intellectual centers, as well as the establishment of universities and the flourishing of Gothic cathedrals, scholasticism, and courtly love in medieval culture.
Week 13 (The Middle Ages)
This document provides an overview of the Middle Ages in Europe from 500-1200 AD. It discusses the political developments in England including the rule of Alfred the Great, William the Conqueror, and the establishment of common law. It also summarizes the Cluny Reforms in the Catholic Church, the East-West Schism, and Urban II's call for the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont in 1095 to retake the Holy Land. The Crusades lasted into the late 13th century and involved conflicts between Christians, Muslims, and Byzantines over control of religious sites. Feudalism developed as a political and economic system during this period.
Week 12 (After Rome)
The document summarizes major developments in Europe and the Middle East between 500-1000 AD. It discusses the Byzantine Empire under Justinian, the rise of Islam and the Arab conquests under Muhammad, and the Carolingian Empire in the West under Charlemagne. It also notes later invasions by Vikings, Magyars, and Muslims from the 9th-10th centuries. The period saw the decline of the Western Roman Empire, rise of Byzantium and Islamic caliphates, and establishment of new political entities in post-Roman Europe.
Week 7 (Imperialism)
This document provides an overview of the period from the 1840s to World War II, focusing on imperialism, late 19th century culture, World War I, and the interwar years. It includes summaries of key events like the Opium Wars, the Scramble for Africa, and World War I. It also examines factors that contributed to imperialism like technology, economics, racism, and the idea of a "civilizing mission". The document uses quotes, maps, photographs and videos to illustrate these topics.
Week 13 (The 19th Century)
The document provides an overview of major events and developments in the 19th century, including revolutions in Haiti, Latin America, and China; the Industrial Revolution and associated economic changes; nationalist movements; religious revivals; imperialism in Asia and Africa; and conflicts such as the American Civil War and Taiping Rebellion. Key figures and their contributions are also mentioned, along with the social and economic impacts of industrialization.
Week 11 (Revolutions)
This document provides an overview of political and cultural developments in Europe and the Americas between the late 17th and early 19th centuries. It discusses the rise of absolutism and the construction of grand palaces like Versailles to consolidate royal power. It then covers the prosperity of the 18th century led by trade, the ideas of the Enlightenment, and the American and French Revolutions that overthrew the old monarchical order. The document concludes with a discussion of Napoleon's rule in France and the spread of revolutionary ideals to other parts of the world.
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Week 4 (Recovery)
- 1. Recovery: New Ideas and New Empires Week 4
- 2. Overview • 1300 – 1600 • Indian Ocean Trade • The Islamic World • The European Renaissance • Spain
- 3. India • Delhi Sultanate • Mughal Empire – Babur (r.1526-1530) – Akbar (r.1556-1605) • Recovery • Sikhism • Zaminders – currency • Silver – China • Portugal
- 4. Akbar Inspecting the Construction of Fatehpur-Sikri, c. 1590
- 5. Ming China and Indian Ocean Trade
- 6. Ming Bank Note, 1371
- 7. India Akbar Hears a Petition Vasco da Gama and the leader of Calicut, 1498
- 8. The Islamic Empires, 1500 – 1800
- 9. The Islamic World • The Ottoman Empire (c.1300 – 1918) – Turks – Sunni – 1453, Constantinople • Istanbul – Mehmed II (r. 1451–1481) – Government • Sultan • Caliph – Janissaries • Devshirme • Safavid Empire (c. 1300 – 1722) – Safi al-Din (1252-1334) – Ismail (r. 1501-1524) • Shiites • Shah – Enemies • Ottoman Turks • Uzbeks • Battle of Chaldiran, 1514 Ottoman Turks, Battle of Mohacs, 1526
- 11. Ottoman Devshirme, c. 1558
- 12. Safavid Empire
- 13. The Renaissance
- 15. Northern Italy • Urban – City-states – Republics • Wealth – Trade – Geography – Banking • Medici • Ancient Rome
- 16. 4444444444 [Image 4.6] The Roman Forum Ruins of the Roman Forum, Rome, Italy
- 17. Duomo, Brunelleschi, Florence, 1436
- 18. Humanism • Ancient Rome • Lorenzo Valla (1406 – 1457) – “Donation of Constantine” • Printing Press – Gutenberg, 1440 • Religion • Politics – Civic Humanism – Virtue – Education – Rhetoric – Women School of Athens, Raphael, 1510
- 19. Humanism
- 21. High Renaissance Art Bellini and Titian, The Feast of the Gods, 1514/1529 Agnolo Bronzino, The Holy Family, c. 1525
- 23. An Important Marriage, 1469 Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile
- 24. Kingdom of Spain • Iberian Peninsula • Policies/Goals • Reconquista • Moors – Granada, 1492 • Conversos
- 25. Reconquista
Editor's Notes
- 4.8 Ruins of the Roman Forum, Rome, Italy. (© Richard T. Nowitz/Photo Researchers, Inc.)
- Buggs Bunny: http://www.trilulilu.ro/video-animatie/bugs-bunny-hare-we-go-1951 Video on Columbus: So Why Did Columbus Sail Across the Atlantic Anyway? (James Fraser) http://portal.mypearson.com/mypearson-login.jsp