This document outlines a problem-based learning activity about factors that affect climate. It introduces the objectives of identifying factors that influence climate in different situations and examples. Students are split into groups and given scenarios to analyze related to how latitude, altitude, and proximity to bodies of water impact temperature. The activity aims to teach students about climate through problem-solving rather than lectures. It uses student-centered learning as the problems drive instruction and students work collaboratively to understand concepts.

1. Problem-based Learning

2. What are the things you usually consider whenever
you plan to have a vacation/picnic?
What is the difference between weather
and climate?
Why the climate of one country differs from that of
others?

3. Factors affecting the
climate

4. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected
1. Identify the factors affecting the climate in a given
situational problem;
2. Brainstorm to come up with one solution to a
problem;
3. Infer that there are factors affecting the climate
experienced by a certain place;

5. Unlocking of terms:
Factors – one of the elements contributing to a particular
result or situation (Thesaurus.com)
Affect - to act on; produce an effect or change in;
Climate - the general pattern of weather in a certain area
over a long period of time ( Grade 9 LM)
- the general prevailing weather conditions of a
region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation,
sunlight intensity and winds throughout the year.

7. Group 1 “ When the sun rays strike”
Ivy Aguas, 26 y/o an entrepreneur was based in Dubai which is
located near the equator. As a businesswoman she travelled a lot.
One of her clients wants her to come to his place in Alaska. Inside
the airplane bound to Alaska, she reads “Trivia and Facts”
magazine which is about the Earth’s tiltation and she quoted, “ The
shape of the Earth resulted in uneven heating of the Earth’s
surface”. When the airplane landed to an airport in Alaska, she
observed that most of the places were covered by ice. On her way
to her client’s house, she saw polar ice caps. She asked herself, “
Why is it this place was so cold and the day seems like a dawn?”
Why Dubai is so hot while this place is so cold?”. Then, she got
asleep.

8. Group 2 “ The higher, the colder?
Diego Torillo, 28 y/o is a mountain climber from Bacolod City. He
visited different countries like Africa which has the highest
mountain ranges.On his way to Mt. Kilimanjaro, the highest
mountain which stands 5,898 m above sea level, he was so
amazed that the peak of the mountain was covered by ice. After
the hike, he went back to the Philippines to share his experience
with his friends. It was summer, when he decided to visit Baguio
city and wondered, “Why people always visit this place during
summer?” After the trip, he went back to Bacolod city and noticed
that the temperature of his hometown is different from that of the
two places. He found out that Bacolod is 10 m above sea level.

10. Group 1
1. What is the problem all about?
2. Why does the amount of heat received by places
from the equator become less?
3. Why are the coldest places on Earth found near the
poles?
4. What is the factor that affects the climate in given
problem?

11. Group 2
1. What is the problem all about?
2. What is the difference among the places?
3. How altitude affects the climate of an area?

12. How is Problem-Based Learning used in the activity?
Is it teacher-centered learning or student-centered
learning? Explain why?

14. What are the factors affecting the climate?
 Latitude
 Altitude
 Bodies of water

15. How each factors affect the climate of an area?
Latitude:
 As the latitude increases, the
smaller the angle of the sun’s
rays strike the surface.
Therefore, when the area is
farther from the equator, the
air temperature is lower. When
the place is closer to the
equator, the air temperature is
higher.

16. Altitude:
 As the altitude increases, the
air temperature decreases.
 For every 1000 m, there is a
of 6.5 ̊C. Ultimately, the
decrease in temperature is
due to the decrease in air
pressure.

17. Distance from the ocean
 Places that are far from
the bodies of water have
extreme climates, as
is no immediate bodies
water that will help
circulate the movement
cold and warm air.

18. How is problem based used in delivering
instruction?
What is Problem-based learning all about?

20. Why are the coldest places found on Earth found at the
poles?
Why do mountain climbers wear thick jackets and thick
clothes when they go up the mountain?
Why do some areas that are far from the bodies of
water have extreme climates?

21. What will you choose, “a life with problems” or “life
without problems”?
Why Problem-based learning is important as an
emerging current trends in delivering instruction?
How Problem-based develop problem solving and
critical thinking skills?

22. References:
Grade 9 Learner’s Module
Grade 9 Teacher’s Guide
Curriculum Guide
Earth and Space textbook
Varied electronic websites

23. Thank you for listening