The document discusses 13 implements used in sugarcane cultivation including a sugarcane planter, pit digger, sett cutter, detrasher, crusher, intercultivator, ridger, stubble shaver, ratoon manager, weeder, rotavator, harvester, and bud chipper. Each implement is described along with its function, specifications, advantages, and cost to mechanize the various processes of sugarcane planting, weeding, harvesting, and post-harvest processing in a timely and cost-effective manner.
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
In recent years, the talk on Organic Farming is going on. how can we control the weed plants in the field without using the herbicide the question. there are several methods traditionally used and scientifically proved methods are discussed here.
Pea is an important vegetable in India; the crop is generally cultivated for its green pods. It is highly nutritive and is rich in protein. It is used as a vegetable or in soup, canned frozen or dehydrate. It is cooked as a vegetable along or with potatoes. Split grains of pea are widely used for dal. Pea straw is a nutritious fodder.
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
In recent years, the talk on Organic Farming is going on. how can we control the weed plants in the field without using the herbicide the question. there are several methods traditionally used and scientifically proved methods are discussed here.
Pea is an important vegetable in India; the crop is generally cultivated for its green pods. It is highly nutritive and is rich in protein. It is used as a vegetable or in soup, canned frozen or dehydrate. It is cooked as a vegetable along or with potatoes. Split grains of pea are widely used for dal. Pea straw is a nutritious fodder.
FARM POWER IN INDIA –
Farm Power is an essential input in agriculture for timely field operations for increasing production and productivity of land.
Farm power is used for operating different types of machinery like tillage, planting, plant protection, harvesting and threshing machinery.
These slides explains more about equipment used on sowing and planting various seeds and germinated plants with different sowing methods. Consists of drawings and real pictures for more understanding.
this testing includes weeding, its objective ,types and testing of both manual and power weeders
Testing of weeder includes General test or lab test and Field test
General test or lab test includes
Checking of specifications
Checking of hardness of material
Chemical analysis of soil engaging components
Wear of the soil engaging components
Engine performance
Noise level
Air cleaner oil pull over
Amplitude of mechanical vibration
Discard limit
Turning ability
Rotary blades
Safety requirements
---Field test
Field parameters
Speed of travel
Field capacity
Depth of weeding
Draft of the weeder
Weeding efficiency
Power requirement
Plant damage
Field efficiency
Performance index
Fuel consumtion
Soundness of construction
Ease of adjustment and operation
Tillage is a piece of farm equipment used for the preparation of the soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, mixing, and overturning.
Examples of human-powered tilling techniques using hand tools include shoveling, gathering, mattock work, hoeing, and raking. The meaning of “Tillage” is the land that can be tilled.
There are various types of tillage implement like rotary tiller or rotavator, plough, harrow, cultivator, subsoiler and many more used in agriculture activity
Harvesting operations are one of the farm field operation in which seeds are separated from the stalk on which they grow. This is done when crops are ripened and reached maturity.
In order to achieve increased yield, the crops that are cultivated should be harvested at appropriate harvest time and moisture content. Both delayed and early harvesting results in decreased yield.
Definition
The operation of cutting, picking, digging or any combination of these for removing the whole crop or edible part of the crop from either under the ground or above the ground is called harvesting.
The process involved in sugarcane harvesting is base cutting of sugarcane, detopping, detrashing, bundle making and transporting the harvested cane to sugar mills.
Manual sugarcane harvesting is a very labor-intensive and laborious activity.
About 850-1000 man working hours per hectare is required for harvesting of sugarcane manually. Detopping and detrashing of crop itself takes about two-third of manpower required for harvesting. Delayed harvesting affects the quality of sugarcane, yield, juice quality and sugar recovery.
Mechanical harvesting also makes green cane harvesting possible, which reduces Green House Gas emissions. Sugarcane harvester should be capable to perform the following sequence of functions:
1- Gather and feed the cane toward the functional mechanisms
2- Cut the base of cane stalk.
3- Cut the green top of the cane stalk.
4- Feed cane stalks inside the machine.
5- Chop cane stalks into billets.
6- Blow out green tops and dry leaves.
7- Elevate chopped cane up to be loaded on a vehicle.
FARM POWER IN INDIA –
Farm Power is an essential input in agriculture for timely field operations for increasing production and productivity of land.
Farm power is used for operating different types of machinery like tillage, planting, plant protection, harvesting and threshing machinery.
These slides explains more about equipment used on sowing and planting various seeds and germinated plants with different sowing methods. Consists of drawings and real pictures for more understanding.
this testing includes weeding, its objective ,types and testing of both manual and power weeders
Testing of weeder includes General test or lab test and Field test
General test or lab test includes
Checking of specifications
Checking of hardness of material
Chemical analysis of soil engaging components
Wear of the soil engaging components
Engine performance
Noise level
Air cleaner oil pull over
Amplitude of mechanical vibration
Discard limit
Turning ability
Rotary blades
Safety requirements
---Field test
Field parameters
Speed of travel
Field capacity
Depth of weeding
Draft of the weeder
Weeding efficiency
Power requirement
Plant damage
Field efficiency
Performance index
Fuel consumtion
Soundness of construction
Ease of adjustment and operation
Tillage is a piece of farm equipment used for the preparation of the soil by mechanical agitation of various types, such as digging, mixing, and overturning.
Examples of human-powered tilling techniques using hand tools include shoveling, gathering, mattock work, hoeing, and raking. The meaning of “Tillage” is the land that can be tilled.
There are various types of tillage implement like rotary tiller or rotavator, plough, harrow, cultivator, subsoiler and many more used in agriculture activity
Harvesting operations are one of the farm field operation in which seeds are separated from the stalk on which they grow. This is done when crops are ripened and reached maturity.
In order to achieve increased yield, the crops that are cultivated should be harvested at appropriate harvest time and moisture content. Both delayed and early harvesting results in decreased yield.
Definition
The operation of cutting, picking, digging or any combination of these for removing the whole crop or edible part of the crop from either under the ground or above the ground is called harvesting.
The process involved in sugarcane harvesting is base cutting of sugarcane, detopping, detrashing, bundle making and transporting the harvested cane to sugar mills.
Manual sugarcane harvesting is a very labor-intensive and laborious activity.
About 850-1000 man working hours per hectare is required for harvesting of sugarcane manually. Detopping and detrashing of crop itself takes about two-third of manpower required for harvesting. Delayed harvesting affects the quality of sugarcane, yield, juice quality and sugar recovery.
Mechanical harvesting also makes green cane harvesting possible, which reduces Green House Gas emissions. Sugarcane harvester should be capable to perform the following sequence of functions:
1- Gather and feed the cane toward the functional mechanisms
2- Cut the base of cane stalk.
3- Cut the green top of the cane stalk.
4- Feed cane stalks inside the machine.
5- Chop cane stalks into billets.
6- Blow out green tops and dry leaves.
7- Elevate chopped cane up to be loaded on a vehicle.
The information of useful small farm Agricultural Machinery is given in this presentation such as battery-assisted Four wheel weeder, Cono weeder, Wheel hoe, dibbler, vegetable transplanter, Direct paddy seeder, Manual Groundnut Decorticator, Tubular Maize Sheller, 7HP mini tiller and Brush Cutter.
Mechanization of horticulture in india specifications of required machinerySuresh Mandhar
This presentation is to help Indian farmers in mechanization of cultivation of horticultural crops ( Fruits and Vegetables ). The agricultural machinery manufacturers or dealers to import or manufacture these machines in India. For further help they can email to suresh.mandhar@gmail.com or phone to +919480637505 or +919886385295.
Lawn Mower Machine
For cutting a grass surface to the perfect height, a lawn mower machine uses several blades. The grass height can be adjusted by the operator according to their requirements.
Power Weeder Machine
Power Weeder are used to remove weeds, stir and pulverise the soil, and loosen it after the crop has started to grow. These machines are commonly used to weed orchards, sugarcane fields, cotton fields, tomato fields, rose nurseries, tobacco, soya, tropiyoka, floriculture, coconut and cashew plantations, and so on.
Choose The Right Rotavator
It is important to select the correct size rotavator for your field or garden. There is little point arranged a large rotavator for a small garden. Also, consider if you will have sufficient space to access the area. if necessary consult with an expert to ensure you choose the correct rotavator for your needs.
When To Rotavate
It is generally advised to rotavate in spring or autumn. These seasons offer softer soil and will result in more aeration than in the summer months.
Check Soil Moisture
Your soil moisture can play a large part in how successful your rotavating is. Sandy soil will rotavate in a very similar way whether dry or wet and so the moisture level is not as important.
In comparison, clay soil must be done when the moisture is favourable. if the soil is too dry it will be very hard and difficult to break apart. In contrast, when the soil is too moist the clay can stick to your rotavator cause unnecessary mess and potential damage to your requirement.
Weed Control
Weed removal is very important when rotavating. If left you will find the weed will quickly grow out of control and the seeds have been mixed throughout the soil of your entire field or garden.
Control The Rotavator Properly
When you are using your rotavator you must ensure you maintain full control of the equipment. A rotavator is a powerful piece of equipment and it can easily course damage or harm if not used properly.
Rotavate The Land In Strips
When Rotavating your land plan head, it is advised to rotavate in strips to ensure the best result. Make a few passes over each strip, and repeat the process at right angles to the original rotavated strips. Don’t dig much deeper than two or three inches deep on the first pass. You can then set the rotavator to dig deeper on each pass after that. You should rotavate offer the course of several hours.
Commonly used European and western country used that predatory mite.
In especially green house crops to manage phytophagous mite along with thrips.
Predatory mites deserve special mention in an agricultural country like India, where agriculture is always under threat of constant pest attack.
Predatory mites of the family phytoseiidae constitute a highly significant beneficial group on account of their vital role in the maintenance of pest population below EIL.
Predatory mites are now valued with growers worldwide as natural enemies that provide effective pest control in green house and on agricultural crops
Phytoseiid mites have received global attention since the 1950’s.
The species of Phytoseiidae are potentially important as a biotic factor in the control of phytophagous mites particularly Tetranychid and Eriophid mites.
Mass multiplication
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3. I. Sugarcane planter
• This is a tractor mounted machine and can be drawn by any tractor of 35
hp. This can be lifted or lowered by the hydraulic system of the tractor.
Cane planting includes
• Planting of sugarcanes in two rows.
• Opening of furrows at a spacing of 75 cm.
• Cutting of cane into 37 cm long setts
• Placement of setts in the furrows
• Droping of fertilizer below the setts
• Dispensing the insecticide solution over the setts
• Covering the setts with soil and providing light compaction to minimise sett
and soil moisture loss
• Advantages:
• Irrigation water saving:20- 30%
• Seed Saving: Fertilizer Saving - 40%
• Full yield of sugarcane is obtained.
4. 2. Tractor Operated Pit Digger for
Sugar Cane Planting:
Function
• For digging pits
Specification
• i. Type : Mounted implement
• ii.Power requirement : 35 – 45 hp tractor
• ii. Capacity : 250 to 300 holes / hour
General Information
• Cost of the unit (Approx) : Rs.85000/-
• Cost of operation : Rs.300 / hour:
• Saving in cost : 63%
• Saving in time : 97%
Salient features
• Dig two pits of 90 cm dia simultaneously at 1.5 m interval to a depth of 30 cm
suitable for planting sugarcane setts
• Planting of cane in 1.5 x 1.5 m spacing with pit method favours higher cane yield
• Recommended as technology package under drip fertigation system for cane
5. 3. Sugarcane Sett Cutter:
Function
• For cutting sugarcane sett with single bud
Specification
• i. Type : Motor operated
• ii.Capacity : One sett / second
• iii.Cost of the machine (Approx) : Rs.2750/-
General Information
• Cost of the unit (Approx) : Rs.85000/-
• Cost of operation : Rs.300 / hour:
• Saving in cost : 63%
• Saving in time : 97%
6. 4. Sugarcane Detrasher
Function
• For de-trashing the sugarcane leaves
Specification
• i. Type : Manual operated
• ii. Cost of the unit (Approx) : Rs.200/-
• iii.Cost of operation : Rs.900 / ha
Salient features
• Labour requirement is less
• Easy for handling
• Reduced cost of de-trashing
• Used for all varieties of cane
• Also removes the sprouted buds
• Easy collection of de-trashed leaves
7. 5. Sugarcane Crusher
Function
• Extraction of juice from sugarcane
Specification
• Type : Horizontal type 4 roller crusher
Test Results
• Suitability for crops : Sugarcane
• Capacity : 185 kg/h
• Power requirement : 5 hp electric motor
• Labour requirement : Two
• Shelling extraction : 65%
• Cost of equipment : Rs 11,000/-
8. 6. Sugarcane Intercultivator
• This newly developed intercultivator, has two sets
of tynes with three tynes in each set. This can be
hitched to the heel-adjusted tractor. It can be run
on the field 40 days after planting to remove the
weeds in between the crop in two rows.
• Its shovel-shaped tynes help in uprooting the
deep-rooted tubers of the monocot
weeds, which is not possible with hand
held spades or hoes.
• Used to Weeeding purpose
9. 7. Earthing up Ridger
Function : For making ridges and earthing up
the sugarcane field.
Cost of the equipment : Rs.15,000/-.
Features
• The performance of an earthing up implement, which can be
run in between the crop rows to cover the nutrients applied
as first top dressing on the 40th day of planting. When the
crop is nearing 80 to 90 days of age, a second top dressing is
done, and the same implement can be used again for full
earthing up of the plants.
• This labour-saving implement
• can cover an area of 1.2-1.6 ha/day. The furrows are uniformly
deep, and it facilitates uniform flow of irrigation water in the
field.
10. 8. Sugarcane Stubble shaver:
• It is a single row stubble shaving with the field capacity
0.26 ha /h.
• It helps in better ratoon emergency in sugarcane.
• It is tractor operated sugarcane stubble shaver.
• It can be attached to any type of tractor with 35 hp
powers. The whole unit can be easily attached through
tractor three point linkages.
• The innovation type can cut single row in a pass
whereas the swinging blade type shavers
can cut two rows in a pass but it will
give the superficial cut.
• The cost of the attachment is about
Rs.15,000/-.
11. 9. Ratoon Manager
• Ratoon manager is a tractor drawn
implement mounted on a 3 point linkage
driven by the PTO.
• This is a combination of Stubble shaving, off-baring and
harrowing.
• If required, fertilizer & pesticide applicator can also be
provided as an optional.
• Ratoon manager will be the best if the field preparation
(Ridges and Furrow) is done with tractor and suitable for
different row spacing.
• It shaves the stubbles evenly and the off-baring helps to
trim the roots.
• Harrowing promotes better aeration and water penetration
to rejuvenate and induce the growth of the sugarcane.
12. 10. Ridger cum Weeder
• The ridger-weeder is unique as it
does both weeding and earthing-up in a
single operation in sugarcane crop.
• Saving in cost and time by more than 60 per cent.
• The cost of implement is Rs.75,000
Hence, in crop rows of 1.5 m normal spacing, the implement
can be very easily used without damaging the crop.
• The soil is cut up to 22.5 cm depth and is lifted up on the
wing board on each side.
• The tractor is moved in `alternating field machine pattern' in
the field by going from one end of the field in one direction
between first and second row.
• The machine can cover about 0.8 ha per hour depending
upon soil type.
13. 11. Rotavator:
• Rotavator, unlike traditional implements can produce a
seed bed with one or two passes.
• The tractor/rotavator combination can commence
cultivation much sooner after rain than traditional drawn
implements. It is most suitable for Sugarcane stubble
removal, eradication of rhizomes.
Product Specification
1. External dimensions (L X W X H): 11500×2500×5900mm
2. Supporting chassis: tractor
3. Power: 191KW（260HP）
4. Productivity: min30T/h
5. Row spacing: min1.4m
6. Length of cane part: 200-300mm
14. 12. Sugarcane combine harvester:
Range of application
• Plan, Mountain area, Hill, Dry field.
Function:
• 1. Loading sugarcane, wood, and other
agricultural use.
Feature:
• Lifting high, loading height can reach 4.25m; it can meet all
truck loading sugarcane needing.
• High-power, mate with four cylinder 260hp engine.
• It is well established for its flexible operations with wide
base tire, full hydraulic transmission and steering.
• It can harvest 1.2 ha/day ie., 20 tone/hr.
15.
16. 13. Sugarcane Bud Chipper
Function: Remove the buds from cane.
Machine details:
• It is floor-mounted and equipped with a knife with a
semicircular edge to surgically cut out the buds.
• The machine, priced at Rs. 600.
• The unit allows the user to be comfortably seated on the
ground and continuously feed the cane with the left hand,
while swinging the right arm in a smooth arc to cut the
sugarcane buds using the ergonomic spring loaded handle.
• The machine requires no power or fuel to run it, weighs a
few kilograms making transport easy.
• The scope of this equipment lies beyond
just removing buds from the cane.
