The document discusses the healthcare sector in India and issues related to biomedical waste management. It provides the following key points:
1) The healthcare sector in India is growing rapidly and expected to record a CAGR of 17% between 2008-2020. However, this growth is generating large amounts of biomedical waste.
2) Biomedical waste includes infectious waste from healthcare facilities like human tissues and fluids, as well as hazardous materials like chemicals and radioactive substances.
3) Improper management of biomedical waste poses serious health and environmental risks as it can spread infectious diseases. About 50-55% of biomedical waste in India is currently treated according to regulations.
This ppt has all the necessary information about "Bio-medical waste management". it is useful for student of medical field as well as anyone who is interested in knowing about it.
This ppt has all the necessary information about "Bio-medical waste management". it is useful for student of medical field as well as anyone who is interested in knowing about it.
The need of proper hospital
Waste management system is of prime importance and is an essential component to prevent spread and transmission of infections in Hospital.
So, this slide will give an overview for understanding Biomedical waste management.
The health of patients is important to hospitals making it imperative to properly dispose of biomedical waste. Having the proper biomedical waste containers is part of keeping patients safe from illnesses they could contract while in the hospital.
The need of proper hospital
Waste management system is of prime importance and is an essential component to prevent spread and transmission of infections in Hospital.
So, this slide will give an overview for understanding Biomedical waste management.
The health of patients is important to hospitals making it imperative to properly dispose of biomedical waste. Having the proper biomedical waste containers is part of keeping patients safe from illnesses they could contract while in the hospital.
Impact of Biomedical Waste on City Environment :Case Study of Pune India.IOSR Journals
Indian cities are facing problem of Biomedical waste management in the wake of urban development. The number of healthcare facilities is increasing day by day resulting in large-scale generation of bio medical waste. It has been observed that inadequate disposal of biomedical waste is creating highly unhygienic environment and posing serious heath threat for inhabitants. Present paper discusses the issue of biomedical waste management from a wider perspective with special emphasis on chemical waste which is one of the most hazardous wastes in present context. Various types of biomedical waste with reference to generation, handling and disposal practices are presented. It includes study and analysis of the parameters which affect the quality of environment to explore their impact on city environments. The current practices of handling such waste is presented based on a study conducted in city of Pune, which is the second largest city in the state of Maharashtra, India. It is aimed to put forth the importance of adequate handling and treatment of biomedical waste with reference to healthy and hygienic living environment for inhabitants to live in.
Biomedical Waste Recycling Industry. Start a Medical or Hospital Waste Management Business
Biomedical waste (BMW) is any waste produced during the diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human or animal research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of biological or in health camps. It follows the cradle to grave approach which is characterization, quantification, segregation, storage, transport, and treatment of BMW.
Biomedical waste is classified as a biohazard because of the disease that it might contain. Medical waste contains materials that have been contaminated by body fluids and may contain viruses, bacteria and even harmful drugs such as chemotherapy and radiation drugs. The importance of biomedical waste management should be high on any medical facility’s training and safety procedures.
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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Abstract— This is a review paper which is prepared from the surveys of hospitals and research studies. Hospital waste management in the world is a strict discipline and does occupy a serious place in the management of health care sector. The management of hospital remaining requires its removal and disposal from the health care establishments as hygienically and economically as possible by methods that all stages minimizes the risk to public health and to environment. Health care waste can be dangerous, if not done properly. Poor management of healthcare waste exposes health labors, waste handlers, and the community to the toxic effects of wastes generated from health activity. The disposal of these wastes could also lead to environmental problems. This article intends to describe various health care wastes and its controlling, as creating good practices for proper handling and disposal of health care waste is an important part of the health care delivery system. The aim of this paper is to highlight the present condition of medical waste and a review on scientific method of hospital waste management.
A Review on ways to Manage Biomedical Waste at Different Locations in FaizabadIJMTST Journal
Medicinal waste has as of late turned into an issue of much open worry, due in parts of its extending
mass and unfavorable consequences for human wellbeing. Quick improvement in medicinal innovation the
multiplications of transfer supplies and expanded bundling have added to immense extensions in the
volume of therapeutic waste created. The transfer of biomedical waste has turned into an issue of
developing worry because of its potential natural risks. The study demonstrates that the rate of
biomedical waste age and administration works on applying by doctor's facilities. These practices
incorporates incinerator office was accessible at just a single private nursing home. Appropriate gathering,
treatment and transfer locales did not exist at Faizabad. The waste transfer hone was observed to be very
dangerous and both clinical and non-clinical squanders were observed to be arranged off with no
isolation. The therapeutic staff and different specialists have detailed diverse kind of sickness, for
example, Diarrhea, hepatitis B/C amid study.
Biomedical waste and hospital wastewater management.pptKAMAL_PANDEY123
Biomedical waste or hospital waste is any kind of waste containing infectious (or potentially infectious) materials.[1] It may also include waste associated with the generation of biomedical waste that visually appears to be of medical or laboratory origin (e.g. packaging, unused bandages, infusion kits etc.), as well research laboratory waste containing biomolecules or organisms that are mainly restricted from environmental release. As detailed below, discarded sharps are considered biomedical waste whether they are contaminated or not, due to the possibility of being contaminated with blood and their propensity to cause injury when not properly contained and disposed. Biomedical waste is a type of biowaste.
Biomedical waste may be solid or liquid. Examples of infectious waste include discarded blood, sharps, unwanted microbiological cultures and stocks, identifiable body parts (including those as a result of amputation), other human or animal tissue, used bandages and dressings, discarded gloves, other medical supplies that may have been in contact with blood and body fluids, and laboratory waste that exhibits the characteristics described above. Waste sharps include potentially contaminated used (and unused discarded) needles, scalpels, lancets and other devices capable of penetrating skin.
Biomedical waste is generated from biological and medical sources and activities, such as the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of diseases. Common generators (or producers) of biomedical waste include hospitals, health clinics, nursing homes, emergency medical services, medical research laboratories, offices of physicians, dentists, veterinarians, home health care and morgues or funeral homes. In healthcare facilities (i.e. hospitals, clinics, doctor's offices, veterinary hospitals and clinical laboratories), waste with these characteristics may alternatively be called medical or clinical waste.
Biomedical waste is distinct from normal trash or general waste, and differs from other types of hazardous waste, such as chemical, radioactive, universal or industrial waste. Medical facilities generate waste hazardous chemicals and radioactive materials. While such wastes are normally not infectious, they require proper disposal. Some wastes are considered multihazardous, such as tissue samples preserved in formalin.
types of biomedical waste, segregation, classification, sources, hazards and treatment like incineration, inertization, chemical treatment, biomedical waste rule
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
1. Biomedical
Waste
Management
Rules 2016
Dr. Sanjay Joshi
Dept of Environmental
Science,
K. J. Somaiya College of
Science and Commerce,
Vidyavihar, Mumbai.
Director, Enviro-Vigil, Thane.
Contact: Mobile: +91-88791
2. Healthcare sector in India
• In India, the Healthcare has become one of largest sectors both in terms of
revenue and employment. The industry is growing at a tremendous pace
owing to its strengthening coverage, services and increasing expenditure
by public as well private players
• During 2008-20, the market is expected to record a CAGR (Compound
Annual Growth Rate) of 17 per cent.
• Rising income levels, ageing population, growing health awareness and
changing attitude towards preventive healthcare is expected to boost
healthcare services demand in future
• The low cost of medical services has resulted in a rise in the country‟s
medical tourism, attracting patients from across the world.
• Moreover, India has emerged as a hub for R&D activities for international
players due to its relatively low cost of clinical research
3. Healthcare sector in India
• Growing health awareness and precautionary treatments
coupled with improved diagnostics are resulting in an increase
in hospitalization
• Indian system of healthcare, Ayurveda has unique therapies
which are beneficial for treatment of many chronic lifestyle
disorders and thus attracting more number of patients to avail
these services in India.
4. Type of ailment CAGR (%)
Cardiac 18
Cancer related 16
Diabetes 19
Table indicates the CAGR of hospitalized cases from 2008 – 2016 and has
forecast up to 2018
5. Healthcare sector in India: Environmental Issues
• However, although the healthcare sector in India is growing at an unprecedented
rate, with emergence of large number of different types of private and
government health care facilities, boosting the Indian economy, these facilities
are also generating large amount of highly infectious waste like human
anatomical or pathological waste, and also disposable waste materials made up
of plastics, glass, rubber etc.
• In addition to these, the veterinary hospitals and colleges and the pharma
industries having their own animal houses are also responsible for generation of
infectious wastes. A wide variety of drugs including antibiotics, cytotoxic drugs,
corrosive chemicals, radioactive substances are also part of the hospital waste
• The advent of disposables in the hospitals has brought in its wake, many illegal
practices also. These include inappropriate recycling, unauthorized and illegal re-
use and increase in the quantum of waste etc. All round technological progress
has led to increased availability of health related consumer goods, which have
the propensity for production of increased wastes.
6. Waste generated from the Healthcare sector in
India: Environmental Issues and Legislation
• The issue of improper hospital waste management in India was first
highlighted in a writ petition in the Hon‟ble Supreme Court; and
subsequently, pursuant to the directives of the court, the Ministry of
Environment and Forests, (Now MoEF &CC) Govt. of India notified the
Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules on 27th July 98;
under the provisions of Environmental Protection Act 1986.
• It is defined as any type of waste generated during the diagnosis,
treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research
activities pertaining to the production of drugs in pharmaceutical
companies, animal waste generated in the veterinary hospitals and also in
the animal houses etc
7. Biomedical Waste: Nature and composition
• Bio-Medical waste is extremely hazardous, and if not managed properly,
can lead to serious health and environment problems.
• Such a waste can also be generated at home if health care is being
provided there to a patient.
• Biomedical waste includes pathological, infectious, and hazardous waste
such as clinical bandages, gauze, cotton that are contaminated with
patients‟ body fluids, organs and body parts removes during surgery,
placenta, dressing materials, aborted fetuses etc.
• From the research labs, stock cultures, blood and blood products, animal
carcasses and tissues or organs form highly infectious category of waste.
• Apart from this, needles, scalpels and other metal sharps used in hospitals
and research labs get contaminated with body fluids of the patient or
animals.
8. Biomedical Waste: Health and environmental
hazard
• This kind of waste is extremely hazardous for the health of all those who
get exposed to it quite often. The group of people that are a high risk of
getting infection include doctors, nurses, technicians, sweepers, hospital
visitors, patients, rag pickers and their relatives etc.
• Apart from the highly infectious waste, the other types of waste such
ampoules, chemicals, radioactive wastes, pharmaceutical wastes,
pressurized containers, batteries, plastics, low level radioactive wastes,
food wastes, and other miscellaneous wastes also form a part of the
hospital waste
• Other types of waste include toxic chemicals, cytotoxic drugs, flammable
and radioactive wastes. However, over the past nineteen years after the
notification of BMW rules, with subsequent amendments, management of
biomedical waste in India has become a topic of important concern.
9.
10. Biomedical Waste: Health and environmental
hazard
• As of now several studies on hospital waste have been done.
As regards live pathogens found in hospital wastes, the most
predominant (80-90%) is the Bacilli with Staphylococci and
Streptococci varying between 5 and 10%, whereas the most
common pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus (from 2-10
colonies per gram of waste)
• Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida
albicans are also common along with varying numbers of other
common along with varying numbers of other common
nosocomial pathogens such as Klebsiella, Proteus,
Enterobacter species.
11.
12. Biomedical Waste: Health and environmental
hazard
• The survival rate of viruses has revealed that most material that
are present in the in hospital wastes are able to carry viruses
keeping them alive for several days (5-8days)
• Bacteria isolated at the soil dumpsite and soil adjacent to
dumpsites respectively include Bacillus sp (42.86; 45%),
Micrococcus roseus (14.29 and 10%), Staphylococcus
epidermidis (9.52 and 10%), Corynebacterium equi (1.59 and
5%), Bacillus subtilis (4.76 and 5%), B. licheniformis (9.52 and
10%), and Actinomyces istraelii (3.17 and 5%).
• These organisms are associated with various types of human
infections.
13. Biomedical Waste: Health and environmental
hazard
• Healthcare workers belonging to various categories such as doctors,
nurses, patients and their relatives, laboratory technicians, housekeeping
and sanitary staff and common treatment facility employees are always at
high risk of getting infected. Apart from these, rag pickers are also at high
risk
• The needle stick injuries are very common among these people
• The health hazards created by improper segregation and lack of
precautionary measures include injuries from infectious sharps, exposure
to materials like bloody bandages and anatomical wastes and exposure to
harmful chemical and radioactive waste
• Infections caused by such exposures are commonly termed Nosocomial or
Hospital Acquired Infections and include HIV, Hepatitis A, B and C,
Cholera, Typhoid, Dysentery, Staphylococcal infections, Tuberculosis and
Candida infections.
14. Growth in BMW generation and Treatment
Facilities
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
% Increase in Biomedical Waste 0.00% -19.27% 1.43% -14.45% 16.96% 0.20% 16.40%
% Increase in Facilities 0.00% 14.19% -5.08% 11.90% -4.79% 6.15% 4.21%
-10.00%
-5.00%
0.00%
5.00%
10.00%
15.00%
20.00%
25.00%
%Increase
Growth in BMW generation and Treatment Facilities
15. Increase in Facilities Vs % Untreated
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
% Untreated 43.13% 27.83% 27.41% 14.64% 8.99% 20.07% 7.60%
% Increase in Facilities 0.00% 14.19% -5.08% 11.90% -4.79% 6.15% 4.21%
-10.00%
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
Percent
Increase in Facilities Vs % Untreated
16. Increase in Facilities Vs % treated
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
% Treated 56.87% 72.17% 72.59% 85.36% 91.01% 79.93% 92.40%
% Increase in Facilities 0.00% 14.19% -5.08% 11.90% -4.79% 6.15% 4.21%
-20.00%
0.00%
20.00%
40.00%
60.00%
80.00%
100.00%
120.00%
Percent
Increase in Facilities Vs % treated
17. Biomedical Waste : Current Status
• India accounts for 17.5% of the global population and is currently
experiencing urban migration rates that are expected to increase another
60% by 2030
• These rates coupled with industrial development and the increased desire
for higher standards of living work together to fuel current rates of waste
production
• These developments have drastically altered the relationship of millions of
people and their local environments and we are only beginning to fully
understand what consequences our current waste management methods
will have on our future
18. Biomedical Waste : Current Status
• According to a study conducted by the Indian Institute of Management
(IIM) in Lucknow, “Presently 50 to 55 per cent of bio-medical wastes is
collected, segregated and treated as per Bio-medical Waste Management
Rules.”
• So where is the rest of this waste going? It is dumped in hospital’s
backyards, thrown on the side of roads and mixed with municipal garbage
• It has been widely recognized that the first step towards improving
biomedical waste management is simply to spread awareness and
knowledge about the present situation
• A greater and more widespread understanding of BMW’s potential hazards
will help us to reconsider how we perceive waste and further emphasize
the importance of public health and environmental issues
19. Biomedical Waste Management:
Legislation
• The original Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules of 1998
were comprehensive and stipulated that „it shall be the duty of every
occupier of an institution generating bio-medical waste which includes a
hospital, nursing home, clinic, dispensary, veterinary institution, animal
house, pathological laboratory, blood bank as well as operator of a
Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF) to take adequate
steps for environmentally sound management of such waste”.
• Also “Every occupier of an institution generating, collecting, receiving,
storing, transporting, treating, disposing and/or handling bio-medical waste
in any other manner [except such occupier of clinics, dispensaries,
pathological laboratories, blood banks providing treatment/service less
than 1000 (one thousand) patients per month] shall make an application in
Form I to the prescribed authority for grant of authorization”. (ENVIS
Newsletter, 2014). These rules were further amended in the year 2000 and
2003 so as to fill the gaps experienced while implementing the BMW
Rules.
20. Biomedical Waste Management:
Legislation• Through the first amendment in the year 2000, the provisions for
prescribed authority i.e. State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)/
Pollution Control Committee (PCC) were stipulated for enforcement
of the provisions of these Rules in the respective State/UT, Municipal
Corporations, Municipalities or Urban & Local Bodies, as the case may
be, made responsible for providing suitable common disposal/
incineration sites for the biomedical wastes generated in the area
under their jurisdiction and in areas outside the jurisdiction of any
municipal body, it shall be the responsibility of the occupier
generating bio-medical waste/ operator of a bio-medical waste
treatment facility (CBWTF) to arrange for suitable sites individually or
in association, so as to comply with the provisions of these rules. The
Municipal body of the area shall continue to pick up and transport
segregated non-bio-medical solid waste as well as duly treated bio-
medical wastes for disposal at municipal sanitary landfills.
21. Biomedical Waste Management:
Legislation• The BMW Rules were further amended in the year 2003, whereby
Director General, Armed Forces Medical Services (DGAFMS)
notified as Prescribed Authority for enforcement of the BMW Rules
by the Health Care Establishments (HCEs) under the Ministry of
Defense
• Advisory Committee for implementation of the BMW Rules by the
HCEs under the Ministry of Defense is also required to be
constituted under the Chairmanship of Additional Director General of
Armed Force Medical Services and other members from Ministry of
Defense, MoEF, Indian Society of Hospitals Waste Management,
Pune. CPCB has a limited role and is required to monitor the
implementation of the BMW Rules by the Armed Forces Health Care
Establishments under the Ministry of Defense.
22. Biomedical Waste Management:
Legislation
• In the latest amendment in 2016 some new provisions have been
incorporated thus increasing the responsibilities of the operators of
CBTWF
• These new rules are amended in exercise of the powers conferred by
section 6, 8 and 25 of the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of
1986) and in suppression of the Biomedical Waste (Handling and
Management) Rules,1998 except as respects things done or omitted to be
done before such suppression, the Central Government, Ministry of
Environment, Forests and Climate Change have made these rules which
bear short title as the Bio-Medical Waste Management Rules, 2016
• In these rules, in addition to various sources of generation of BMW as
mentioned in the original rules of 1998, some new establishments have
been added as the sources of generation of the. These are, Ayush
hospitals, research or educational institutions, health camps, medical or
surgical camps, vaccination and blood donation camps, first aid rooms of
the schools and the forensic laboratories and healthcare waste generated
at domestic level
23. • The Ministry of AYUSH was formed on 9th November' 2014
• Earlier it was known as the Department of Indian System of
Medicine and Homeopathy (ISM&H) which was created in
March 1995 and renamed as Department of Ayurveda, Yoga
and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy (AYUSH) in
November 2003
• The intention was to provide focused attention for the
development of Education and Research in Ayurveda, Yoga and
Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy.
24. Biomedical Waste Management:
Legislation• In the original definition of the “Occupier”, there is an addendum,
“irrespective of their system of medicine”. It means the family
physician of every -pathy is covered and also, the Duties of occupier
are described in details
• Laboratory waste, microbiological waste, blood samples and blood
bags must be pretreated through disinfection or sterilization on-site
in the manner as prescribed by the World Health Organization
(WHO) or National AIDs Control Organization (NACO) guidelines
and then sent to the common bio-medical waste treatment facility for
final disposal
• Establishing the Bar Coding system with GPS to monitor movement
of every storage bag from distribution to disposal. Thus it is
mandatory for the occupiers to use only those storage bags, that are
imprinted with Bar Codes
• Chlorinated plastic bags used for collection, treatment and disposal
should be phased out within 2 years and replaced with non-
chlorinated bags
25. Biomedical Waste Management:
Legislation
• Duties of the operator of a common biomedical waste treatment and
disposal facility are newly introduced
• Record of Recyclable BMW should be maintained and should be
made available to SPCB
• If application of Authorization remains as pending with the authorities
for more than 90 days, applicant should presume that the facility has
got the authorization (conditions apply)
• Local self-government is liable to provide adequate land for common
BMW facility.
• Cytotoxic drugs should be returned back to the manufacturer or send
for incineration at temperature >1200°C
26. Biomedical Waste Management:
Legislation
• Glassware & Metallic Body Implants, broken or discarded glass
should be stored in Cardboard Boxes with Blue Coloured
marking instead of Plastic Bag.
• Dead Foetus should be considered as Anatomical waste.
• Bio-medical waste generated in households during healthcare
activities shall be segregated and should be handed over to
CBMWTSDF.
• Secondary chamber gas residence time shall be at least 2
seconds.
27. BMW Legislation: Duties of Operators
As mentioned in the amended rules, it shall be the duty of every
operator to –
• Take all necessary steps to ensure that the bio-medical waste
collected from the occupier is transported, handled, stored, treated
and disposed of, without any adverse effect to the human health and
the environment, in accordance with these rules and guidelines
issued by the Central Government or, as the case may be, the central
pollution control board from time to time
• Ensure timely collection of bio-medical waste from the occupier as
prescribed under these rules
28. BMW Legislation: Duties of Operators
• Establish bar coding and global positioning system for handling of bio-
medical waste within one year.
• Inform the prescribed authority immediately regarding the occupiers
which are not handing over the segregated bio-medical waste in
accordance with these rules;
• Provide training for all its workers involved in handling of bio-medical
waste at the time of induction and at least once a year thereafter
• Assist the occupier in training conducted by them for bio-medical
waste management;
29. BMW Legislation: Duties of Operators
• Undertake appropriate medical examination at the time of induction
and at least once in a year and immunize all its workers involved in
handling of bio-medical waste for protection against diseases,
including Hepatitis B and Tetanus, that are likely to be transmitted
while handling bio-medical waste and maintain the records for the
same
• Ensure occupational safety of all its workers involved in handling of
bio-medical waste by providing appropriate and adequate personal
protective equipment
30. BMW Legislation: Duties of Operators
• Report major accidents including accidents caused by fire hazards,
blasts during handling of biomedical waste and the remedial action
taken and the records relevant thereto, (including nil report) in
specific format to the prescribed authority and also along with the
annual report
• Allow occupier, who are giving waste for treatment to the operator, to
see whether the treatment is carried out as per the rules.
• Shall display details of authorization, treatment, annual report etc on
its web-site.
31. BMW Legislation: Duties of Operators
• After ensuring treatment by autoclaving or microwaving followed by mutilation or
shredding, whichever is applicable, the recyclables from the treated bio-medical
wastes such as plastics and glass, shall be given to recyclers having valid consent
or authorization or registration from the respective State Pollution Control Board
or Pollution Control Committee
• Supply non-chlorinated plastic coloured bags to the occupier on chargeable basis,
if required.
• Common bio-medical waste treatment facility shall ensure collection of
biomedical waste on holidays also;
• Maintain all record for operation of incineration, hydro- or autoclaving for a
period of five years; and
• Upgrade existing incinerators to achieve the standards for retention time in
secondary chamber and Dioxin and Furans within two years from the date of this
notification.