The document summarizes water resources in Iraq, including lakes, rivers, marshes, and valleys. It describes several major lakes such as Lake Habbaniya and Lake Tharthar. It also discusses key rivers like the Tigris and Euphrates, and marsh areas such as the Hawizeh Marsh. The document outlines issues facing Iraq's water resources, such as decreased flows from neighboring countries, climate change, and lack of coordination on water projects.

1. RESEARCH
Water resources in IRAQ…

2. PREPARED & PRESENTED BY:
Anas yehia saleh 51610241
Ahmed Tarek Foaued 51610372
Ahmed Emad Ewis Shaban 51610114
Yousef Ibrahim Yousef 51610386

3. IRAQ layout..

4. -The state of IRAQ is distinguished by its numerous water
resources, including lakes, rivers, marshes and others.
-And next we will present as mush as we could.
*First is Lakes :
LAKES
Dahuk
dam
Derbend
khan
dam
El
Mousel
Dam
El
Thartha
r
El
Habbania
Hamreen
dam
Hadetha
dam
Dabs
dam
El Rizaza
The
Great
dam

5. 1- Rizazah lake:
-Location: 70 Km south of the lake El Habbania and 15 Km
west of karbala city.
-DIM & Area: 60 Km in length & 30 Km width & depth of 27 m
with surface area of 1810 Km^2.
-Storage: contains about 26 Billion cubic meter of water but
not a fresh water as it is salty as the sea water.
-It is linked to El Habbania lake with some open channels.

6. 2- El Habbania Lake:
-Location: located on the right side of the Euphrates River.
-Area: 426 Km^2 with a depth of 51 M.
-Storage: can contain up to 3.3 Billion cubic meter max.
-It is a very important lake as it stores the surplus water of the
river to prevent the floods, as it is also considered as a
touristic site there with a fresh sunset view.

7. 3- El Tharthar lake:
-Location: located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers .
-Area: 2710 Km^2 with a depth of 65 M.
-Storage: 85.59 Billion cubic meter as max.

8. 4- Dahuk dam lake:
-Location: 2 Km up north Dahuk city.
-Storage: 47.9 Million cubic meter.
- Used to irrigate the surrounding lands with fresh water contained
in the lake behind the dam.

9. 5- El Mousel dam lake: (Saddam Dam previously(
-Location: located 50 Km away in north from El Mousel city on the
Tigris river. (The Tigris River Waterway)
-Storage: 8.16 Billion cubic meter as max & 2.95 Billion cubic meter
as min with depth of 330 M.
- The basic use of this dam and lake is generating electricity. (One
of the biggest dams in the middle east)

10. 6- The Newer dam lake:
-Location: located on the Euphrates River.
-Storage: 8.28 Billion cubic meter.
-Considered as the second biggest lake and dam (the US army
controls it due to its importance in storing water and generating
energy).

11. *Second is the Rivers:
 None major rivers is about 36 short river we will briefly talk about 3
of them:
Major rivers
Tigris Euphrates Dujail
NONE Major
rivers
Diyala General
downstream
Shatt al - Arab
River

12. 1- The Tigris river:
 The Tigris springs from Turkish territory and has many branches
that feed it before entering the border Iraq is the main course that
descends south-east and enters Iraqi territory at the town of
Vishka Bor, where the first tributaries named Khabour pours and
passes through the river in the city of Nineveh and then meets The
upper or higher Zab passes in the southern part of the city of
Nimrud (old Kal) or the Great River meets In the Tigris between the
country and Baghdad and in the north of the cities meet the River
Diyala has changed the course of the Tigris as it turned from Its
original course, which runs between Kut and Amarah in the late
period of the Sassanid occupation The western stream, now called
Dujaila, and then returned again in the sixteenth century to its
course The first and ends the Tigris at Qurna, where he hurt Shatt
al-Arab. The Tigris River flows from its source to its estuary 1718
kilometers, including 1418 kilometers inside the Iraqi border and
the rest in the Turkish border.

13. 2- The Euphrates river:
 The river originates from the Taurus Mountains in Turkey and consists of two rivers
in Asia Minor, Murad Soo and its source between Lake Wan and Ararat Mountain
in Armenia, and the Qu Su to the west and its source in northeastern Anatolia. The
two rivers are heading westward and then converge, and their waters run south,
penetrating the southern Taurus mountain range. The river then flows to the
south-east and joins many branches before passing through the Syrian territory to
be held in Iraqi territory and meets the Tigris River in the Kerma Ali region to be
Shatt al-Arab, which flows into the Arabian Gulf. It is characteristic that it is
[citation needed] and the River Nile are the two most abundant rivers in the Arab
world. The Euphrates River enters the Syrian territory at the city of Grapes. In Syria,
it joins the Belikh River, then the Khabour River, then passes through Al-Raqqa
governorate and then goes to Deir Al-Zour. And enter the territory of Iraq at the
city of Qaim in Anbar province to enter after the province of Babylon and branch
of the Shatt al-Hillah and then enter the Euphrates River to the province of Karbala
and then to Najaf and Diwaniya province and then Muthanna province and then
the province of Dhi Qar to expand to form the marshes, and unite with Iraq in the
Tigris River Which runs 90 miles (120 km) deep into the Arabian Gulf. The length of
the Euphrates River from its source in Turkey to its estuary in the Shatt al-Arab in
Iraq is about 2940 km, including 1176 km in Turkey, 610 km in Syria and 1160 km
in Iraq, ranging from 200 to more than 2000 meters downstream. Iraq is called
Mesopotamia because of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

14. 3- El Dujail river:
 The Arabs knew the Karun River in the name of Dujail al-Ahwaz,
which flows in the Shatt al-Arab and the Karun River is the
longest river in the Ahwazi region. It is 1300 km long,

15. NONE MAJOR RIVERS:
1-Diala river:
-Total length: 443km
-Area: 32600 𝑘𝑚2
-Downstream: Tigris river.
-Formation: It is formed by the confluence of Sirwan river and
Tanjero river in Darbandikhan Dam in the Sulaymaniyah
Governorate of Northern Iraq.

16. 2- General Downstream:
- The general estuary, the Saddam River, the Leader River, or the Third
River.
- Was established because of the expansion of the construction of
irrigation projects, where the collection of water network Albabazal
agricultural projects and prevent mixing with the waters of the Tigris
and Euphrates rivers, and secure transport to the Shatt Basra and the
Arabian Gulf.
-Area: 565 Km^2.

17. 3-Shatt AL-Arab river:
-Formation: the confluence of the Euphrates and the Tigris in the
town of al-Qurnah in the Basra Governorate of southern Iraq.
-Mouth:Arabian Gulf.
-The Tributaries:Euphrates, Tigris, Karon River.

18. *THIRD IS THE MARSHES :
- Marshes is the group of water bodies covering
the lowlands located in the southern Iraq
sedimentary plain.
- In the form of a triangle, the cities of
Amarah, Nasiriyah and Basra are located on
their heads. The water-covered land area
expands at the time of flooding in late winter
and during the spring and the days of
Sayhood are shrinking.
- The area is more than 20 thousand square
kilometers.
- Included :
1. Hawizeh Marsh
2. Central Marshes
3. Hammar Marsh

19. 1- HAWIZEH MARSH
-Location : It extends between Iraqi--Iranian borders, and are
called in Iran " Alazeem marsh", but the marsh largest part lies in
Iraqi side and extends from South Almusharah in Messan
governorate to governorate Qurna city in the South.
-Dimension & Area : its length (49.7 km) and its width (30 km) .
There is no specific area for the marsh, due to the fact this area of
the region is not fixed and changes form one season to another
and from one year to another because of the difference in water
amount reaching the area from different resources like floods and
rains.
- Feedint And Discharges Resources :
1. From Iraq : (Almusharah and Alkahla)
2. From Iran : (Karka river)

20. 2- THE CENTRAL MARSHLANDS
-location and The total area: is about (2400
km2). It is the largest depression in the
region. From the north there is Omara-
AlFajr road, with road, Tigris river on the
east , AlKaraf–project on the west and
Chibayish city road beside Euphrates river
city on the south.
-Feeding and Dischareg resources : The
Central Marshes receive water from
influxes of the Tigris's and the Euphrates
distributaries . The Tigris serves as the
marshes' eastern boundary while the
Euphrates serves as its southern
boundary. Covering an area of 3,000 km2 .

21. 3- HAMMAR MARSH
-location : Lies South of Euphrates river and
Extends from Nassria in the west to Basrah
Subrubs at Shatt Al-Arab in the South .
-The total area: Length is About 90 km2 and its
width is Between (25-30)km2 . The maximum area
is about 600 km2 durning dry season .
-Feeding and Dischareg resources : Takes its
water mainly from the Euphrates river at the end of
Nasseria City through Ghlewen and Sakha river
and thier branches Akeka and Bani Hassan and
rivers at the back of souk AlShiok . And Also from
Tigris floods .

22. Valleys
Umm-Al
shababit
White valley Houran
*Fourthly is The Valleys :

23. 1-WADI UMM-ALSHABABIT
 Umm al-Shababit Wadi from the west of Nineveh province, which
flows into the Tigris River . The Umm al-Shababit valley is filled with
water collected by the rain falling in the winter season from the waters
of the small valleys that descend near the mountain of Sinjar to be the
valley of Umm al-Shabait . The valley flows into the Tigris River. After a
distance of about 160 km.

24. 2- WHITE VALLEY
Wadi al-Abyad is the second longest of
the valleys of Iraq (after the valley of
Houran) extends west of Iraq in the
provinces of Anbar and Karbala. Wadi
Al-Abyad is 250 km , The valley is wide
and deep with steep slopes with a width
of 1 km and a depth of 40 to 50 meters
and walls of the valley covered with
stones and gravel , Originally, the White
Valley was a current river and Rafda
was flowing into the Euphrates River,
but it dried up after the end of the last
Ice Age.

25. 3- WADI HORAN
Wadi Horan is the largest and most densely
populated country in the western province of
Anbar. It stretches 350 km from the Iraqi-
Saudi border to the Euphrates River , Three
dams were established on the valley: Horan
Dam, Hussainat Dam and Al-Latba dam for
storage of rain water and floods for use
during the summerOriginally, the Horan
Valley was a current river and Rafada was
flowing into the Euphrates River, but it dried
up after the end of the last Ice Age

26. *Fifthly The Problems facing Iraq in water
resources
- Decreased water levels flowing from neighboring countries .
- The climate change in most countries of the world .
- Poor coordination with neighboring countries that have
established large water projects and the absence of appropriate
agreements to ensure Iraqi interests .
- contributed to the worsening water shortage in Iraq.
- Technical challenges facing the Ministry of Water Resources
due to the reduction of financial allocations necessary.
- Lack of awareness among the public about the importance of
water .
- The weakness of government measures deterrent to those
who exceed the water.