water demand, types of demand, factors affecting per capita demand, design periods, losses in wastes & thefts, varion in demand, coincident draft,effect of variations on components of water supply schemes, factors affecting design periods, population forecasting methods, problems on population forecasting, etc
ntake structures are used for collecting water from the surface sources such as river, lake, and reservoir and conveying it further to the water treatment plant. These structures are masonry or concrete structures and provides relatively clean water, free from pollution, sand and objectionable floating material.
01 Water Resources, Water supply and Distribution system of waterakashpadole
The presentation has prepared as per the syllabus of Mumbai University.
Go through the presentation, if you like it then share it with your friends and classmates.
Thank you :)
water demand, types of demand, factors affecting per capita demand, design periods, losses in wastes & thefts, varion in demand, coincident draft,effect of variations on components of water supply schemes, factors affecting design periods, population forecasting methods, problems on population forecasting, etc
ntake structures are used for collecting water from the surface sources such as river, lake, and reservoir and conveying it further to the water treatment plant. These structures are masonry or concrete structures and provides relatively clean water, free from pollution, sand and objectionable floating material.
01 Water Resources, Water supply and Distribution system of waterakashpadole
The presentation has prepared as per the syllabus of Mumbai University.
Go through the presentation, if you like it then share it with your friends and classmates.
Thank you :)
Water distribution System In Water Supply Schemes Vaibhav Kambale
This Presentation deals in details with respect to Water distribution System In Water Supply Schemes. Types and layout of water distribution system has been explained in detail
Here you will get all information about sewer design, its type & various tests carried out on it for any leakage or any obstruction present and of improper joints.
Present slideshow provides brief introductory part of various Intake Structures. This is useful for Environmental Engineering Students, faculties and learners.
Bligh’S CREEP THEORY
LIMITATIONS OF BLIGH’S THEORY
LANE’S WEIGHTED CREEP THEORY
KHOSLA’S THEORY AND CONCEPT OF FLOW NETS
COMPARISON OF BLIGH’S THEORY AND KHOSLA’S THEORY
Concrete Gravity Dam Components
A gallery is a small passage in a dam for providing an access to the interior of the dam.
The gallery is usually rectangular in shape with its top and bottom either flat or semi circular.
For a gallery with its top and bottom flat, it is necessary that all the corners should be rounded. The width of gallery generally varies from 1.5 to 1.8 m. The height of the gallery in between 2.2 to 2.4 m, so that a person can easily walk inside it.
To provide drainage of the dam section.
2. To provide space for equipment required for drilling holes and grouting the hole to form a grout curtain in the foundation.
3. To provide space for header and return pipes for post cooling of concrete.
4. A gallery provide an access to the interior of the dam for inspection ard maintenance.
5. A Gallery also provides space for installing various instruments in the dam to study its structural behaviour.
6. A gallery can provide space for the mechanical and electrical equipment required for the operation of gates for spillways and outlets.
A shaft is a vertical opening provided in a dam. Shafts are required for locating headers of the post cooling system and for locating measuring devices.
Shafts are also required for the movement of elevators and the hoisting equipment. Sometimes shafts are constructed inclined to connect two galleries or the same gallery at two different elevations by a staircase or a lift arrangement.
A plumb line shaft is constructed at the maximum section of the dam to make observations of the deflection of the dam under loads.
A plumb bob is suspended by a wire fixed at the top of the shaft. As the dam deflects relative to the base, the plumb bob also moves by the same amount.
A stilling well shaft is a special shaft used to record fluctuations of the water level in the reservoir. The shaft is connected to the reservoir at a point below the minimum reservoir level.
There is a floating mechanism in the stilling well shaft which records fluctuations in the water level.
The spillway in a gravity dam is called overflow section. Spillway is provided to dispose of surplus water from the reservoir to the downstream.
Spillways are provided for all dams as a safety measure against overtopping and the consequent damages, and failure. spillway may be located either in the middle of the dam or at the end of the dam near abutment.
It must have adequate discharge capacity.
It must be hydraulically and structurally safe.
The surface of the spillway must be erosion resistant.
It should be provided with some device for the dissipation of excess energy
The portion of the gravity dam other than the spillway is a non-overflow section, a road is located on the non-overflow section of the dam.
At the one end of a gravity dam a power house is located. Water from the reservoir passes tnrough penstock and rotates the turbine provided at power elevations to produce electricity.
Water flowing over a spillway has a ver
Introduction to water supply engg. by Prof. D S.Shahdhavalsshah
Introduction to water supply Engineering. Basic definitions in water supply engineering. Importance of water supply engineering.
Financing of water supply schemes. Flow diagram of water supply scheme, layouts of water supply schemes, etc.
WEIRS VERSUS BERRAGE
TYPES OF WEIRS
COMPONENT PARTS OF A WEIR
CAUSES OF FAILURE OF WEIRS & THEIR REMEDIES
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
DESIGN FOR SURFACE FLOW
DESIGN OF BARRAGE OR WEIR
Water distribution System In Water Supply Schemes Vaibhav Kambale
This Presentation deals in details with respect to Water distribution System In Water Supply Schemes. Types and layout of water distribution system has been explained in detail
Here you will get all information about sewer design, its type & various tests carried out on it for any leakage or any obstruction present and of improper joints.
Present slideshow provides brief introductory part of various Intake Structures. This is useful for Environmental Engineering Students, faculties and learners.
Bligh’S CREEP THEORY
LIMITATIONS OF BLIGH’S THEORY
LANE’S WEIGHTED CREEP THEORY
KHOSLA’S THEORY AND CONCEPT OF FLOW NETS
COMPARISON OF BLIGH’S THEORY AND KHOSLA’S THEORY
Concrete Gravity Dam Components
A gallery is a small passage in a dam for providing an access to the interior of the dam.
The gallery is usually rectangular in shape with its top and bottom either flat or semi circular.
For a gallery with its top and bottom flat, it is necessary that all the corners should be rounded. The width of gallery generally varies from 1.5 to 1.8 m. The height of the gallery in between 2.2 to 2.4 m, so that a person can easily walk inside it.
To provide drainage of the dam section.
2. To provide space for equipment required for drilling holes and grouting the hole to form a grout curtain in the foundation.
3. To provide space for header and return pipes for post cooling of concrete.
4. A gallery provide an access to the interior of the dam for inspection ard maintenance.
5. A Gallery also provides space for installing various instruments in the dam to study its structural behaviour.
6. A gallery can provide space for the mechanical and electrical equipment required for the operation of gates for spillways and outlets.
A shaft is a vertical opening provided in a dam. Shafts are required for locating headers of the post cooling system and for locating measuring devices.
Shafts are also required for the movement of elevators and the hoisting equipment. Sometimes shafts are constructed inclined to connect two galleries or the same gallery at two different elevations by a staircase or a lift arrangement.
A plumb line shaft is constructed at the maximum section of the dam to make observations of the deflection of the dam under loads.
A plumb bob is suspended by a wire fixed at the top of the shaft. As the dam deflects relative to the base, the plumb bob also moves by the same amount.
A stilling well shaft is a special shaft used to record fluctuations of the water level in the reservoir. The shaft is connected to the reservoir at a point below the minimum reservoir level.
There is a floating mechanism in the stilling well shaft which records fluctuations in the water level.
The spillway in a gravity dam is called overflow section. Spillway is provided to dispose of surplus water from the reservoir to the downstream.
Spillways are provided for all dams as a safety measure against overtopping and the consequent damages, and failure. spillway may be located either in the middle of the dam or at the end of the dam near abutment.
It must have adequate discharge capacity.
It must be hydraulically and structurally safe.
The surface of the spillway must be erosion resistant.
It should be provided with some device for the dissipation of excess energy
The portion of the gravity dam other than the spillway is a non-overflow section, a road is located on the non-overflow section of the dam.
At the one end of a gravity dam a power house is located. Water from the reservoir passes tnrough penstock and rotates the turbine provided at power elevations to produce electricity.
Water flowing over a spillway has a ver
Introduction to water supply engg. by Prof. D S.Shahdhavalsshah
Introduction to water supply Engineering. Basic definitions in water supply engineering. Importance of water supply engineering.
Financing of water supply schemes. Flow diagram of water supply scheme, layouts of water supply schemes, etc.
WEIRS VERSUS BERRAGE
TYPES OF WEIRS
COMPONENT PARTS OF A WEIR
CAUSES OF FAILURE OF WEIRS & THEIR REMEDIES
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
DESIGN FOR SURFACE FLOW
DESIGN OF BARRAGE OR WEIR
Survey and Design of Gravity Fed Water supply system at a DadaGaun ,BanepaNepal Flying Labs
This is a presentation slide prepared for the final presentation during my 2nd year of study at Kathmandu Engineering ,Nepal.A village from Banepa where there is a scarcity of water has been chosen as the project study site and following surveying techniques have been implementation to develop a water distribution network for the community.
1.Leveling from water resource to the village
2.Traverse and Tacheometry around the village for topographical map generation
3.Design of water distribution routes
A module was developed on “Application of Fluid Mechanics in Agriculture” for undergraduate students to get a practical knowledge of Fluid Mechanics. The work was guided by Dr Sachin Mandavgane. The presentation talks about the various aspects of agriculture where fluid mechanics is applicable like types of the pump and the various types of fittings used. It also differentiates between the fluid flow in a pipe with that of an open channel. In the end, it describes the application of fluid mechanics in drip irrigation and with a short numerical which calculates the head loss.
HYDRAULIC POWER GENERATING AND UTILIZING SYSTEMS
Introduction to fluid power system - Hydraulic fluids - functions, types, properties, selection and application.
POWER GENERATING ELEMENTS: Pumps, classification, working of different pumps such as Gear, Vane, Piston (axial and radial), pump performance or characteristics, pump selection factors- simple Problems.
POWER UTILIZING ELEMENTS: Fluid Power Actuators: Linear hydraulic actuators – Types and construction of hydraulic cylinders – Single acting, Double acting, special cylinders like tandem, Rodless, Telescopic, Cushioning mechanism.
Hydraulic Motors, types – Gear, Vane, Piston (axial and radial) – performance of motors.
in industries like iron and glass the fluid for hydraulic machines are delivered by multistage pumps. this is the basic introduction for clearing the concept of multi stage pumps.
Water Pumps, Necessity of Pumping, Kinds of Pumps (Reciprocating Pump, Centrifugal Pump, Rotary Pump, Turbine Pump, Air Lift Pump), Power for Pumps, Selection of Pumps, Principles of Pumping, Pumping Station, Site Selection for Pumping Station... By Engr. M. Jalal Sarwar
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
3. WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
• The basic function of a water distribution system is to transport the
water from the Main reservoir to the customer
• Methods of water distribution :
- Gravity distribution
- Pumping system
- combined gravity and pumping system
4. GRAVITY DISTRIBUTION
• Suitable when source of supply is at sufficient height.
• Most reliable and economical distribution system.
• The water head available at the consumer is just minimum
required.
• The remaining head is consumed in the frictional and other losses.
5.
6. PUMPING SYSTEM
• water is directly pumped in to the distribution main with out storing.
• called pumping without storage system.
• High lifts pumps are required.
• If power supply fails, complete stoppage of water supply.
• This method is not generally used.
7.
8. COMBINED GRAVITY AND PUMPING
SYSTEM
• Most common system.
• Treated water is pumped and stored in an elevated distribution reservoir.
• Then supplies to consumer by action of gravity.
• The excess water during low demand periods get stored in reservoir and
get supplied during high demand period.
• Economical, efficient and reliable system.
9.
10. PUMPS
• The pump is mechanical device which carry liquid from one place
to another place. It can be defined as a hydraulic machines which
converts the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy.
• The pump is power absorbing machines.
• Pumping means addition of energy to a liquid to move it from one
place to the another.
11. CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS
• The pump can be classified according to principle by which the
energy added to the fluid and their design as follows:
12. SELECTING BETWEEN
CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS AND POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
• Centrifugal Pumps (Rotor-dynamic pumps) The centrifugal or rotor-
dynamic pump produce a head and a flow by increasing the
velocity of the liquid through the machine with the help of a rotating
vane impeller. Centrifugal pumps include radial, axial and mixed
flow units.
• Positive Displacement Pumps The positive displacement pump
operates by alternating of filling a cavity and then displacing a
given volume of liquid. The positive displacement pump delivers a
constant volume of liquid for each cycle against varying discharge
pressure or head
13. FLOW RATE AND PRESSURE HEAD
• The two types of pumps behave very differently regarding pressure
head and flow rate :
- The Centrifugal Pump has varying flow depending on the system
pressure or head
- The Positive Displacement Pump has more or less a constant flow
regardless of the system pressure or head. Positive Displacement
pumps generally gives more pressure than Centrifugal Pump's.
14. CAPACITY AND VISCOSITY
• Another major difference between the pump types is the effect of
viscosity on the capacity:
- In the Centrifugal Pump the flow is reduced when the viscosity is
increased
- In the Positive Displacement Pump the flow is increased when
viscosity is increased
15. MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY
• The pumps behaves different considering mechanical efficiency as
well :
- changing the system pressure or head has little or no effect on the
flow rate in the Positive Displacement Pump
- Changing the system pressure or head has a dramatic effect on the
flow rate in the Centrifugal Pump
16. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IN SERIES
AND PARALLEL
• Putting your centrifugal pumps in series will let you add the head
from each together and meet your high head, low flow system
requirements
17. CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS IN SERIES
AND PARALLEL
• Putting your pumps in parallel will help you reach a low head, high
flow operating point that a single pump cannot supply .
18. BERNOULLI EQUATION
• In the above equation, P is pressure, which can be either absolute
or gage, but should be in the same basis on both sides, ρ
represents the density of the fluid, assumed constant, V is the
velocity of the fluid at the inlet/outlet, and h is the elevation about a
datum that is specified.
19. CONTINUITY EQUATION
• apply the principle of mass conservation. Since there is no flow
through the side walls of the duct, what mass comes in over A1
goes out of A2, (the flow is steady so that there is no mass
accumulation). Over a short time interval t,
20. HEAD LOSS
• Pipe loss
• In the analysis of piping systems, pressure losses
expressed in terms of the equivalent fluid
head loss hL.
• It also represents the additional height that the
raised by a pump in order to overcome the
pipe
21. HEAD LOSS
• fittings loss
Fittings such as elbows, tees, valves and reducers
significant component of the pressure loss in
This is the calculation of pressure losses through
some minor equipment using the K-value
the Resistance Coefficient, Velocity Head, Excess
method
Formula for Calculating Head Loss from K Values
DATE
23. • The main object of the project , is to make a theoretical study of
delivering the water , from a river to a small village using pump ,
and then store this water into a reservoir and after that make a
distribution system of water for the village
• In order to make a distribution for water , we should consider the
high of the village from the river , how many houses are in the
village and how long it's far from the main reservoir to each house
to determine the pipes length required to deliver the water.
And so find the related calculation of hydraulic machines .
DATE
24. • Find out the height of the village as 200 m.
• water pumping to the reservoir will be by using centrifugal pump .
• water filter will be install on the top of the suction pipe.
• for water distribution inside the village we will use a simple centrifugal
pump .
• the results of the hydraulic values will obtain by using water cad program .
25. THE GENERAL SITUATION OF THE
VILLAGE
• The village consist of 6 houses and its above the river by 200 m ,
all the required information are shown in the figure
26. WATER DEMAND
• The daily water demand per capita is 60 lit/day ; every house
contain 5 persons so the demand for single house will be 60 x 5 =
300 lit/day ; so the village contains 6 houses and the overall
demand will be 1800 lit/day ; and by taking the water demand
factor as ( 10 ) the final water demand will be 18,000 lit/day .
27. FIRST STAGE
• First stage is to pump the water from the river to the tank ; the tank
elevation from the river level 200 m .
• The required length of the pipe is 285 m .
28. • By using water cad program with these input :
• Total Length of the pipe L = 285 m
• Pipe diameter D = 10.16 cm
• Discharge Q = 5 L/s
• Pipe material PVC with design coefficient C = 150
30. FILTERS
• Eaton suction filters protect hydraulic pumps and control systems
from solid contaminants. They should be used as immersion
suction filters on pump inlet lines. These units have various
application possibilities: as in-tank filters mounted directly to the
reservoir, in the intake lines of hydraulic pumps to afford a degree
of protection from contaminants to the pump and other
components in the hydraulic system.
DATE
31. SECOND STAGE
• Second stage is to pump the water from the tank and distribute it
to the houses
33. REFERENCES
1. F.M. White, Fluid Mechanics, Seventh Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York (2011).
2. M.M. Den, Process Fluid Mechanics, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1980).
3. Grundfos Product Center ,Available at: http://product-selection.grundfos.com (Accessed: 21th March
2016)
4. Fluid Mechanics & Fluid Power Engineering, (8th edition) by Kumar, D.S., Katarina & Sons, 2013
5. Lenz Hydraulics, Available at: http://lenzinc.com/ , (Accessed: 03th April 2016)
6. Hydraulic Power System Analysis, A. Akers, M. Gasman, & R. Smith, Taylor & Francis, New York,
2006