Water Pumps, Necessity of Pumping, Kinds of Pumps (Reciprocating Pump, Centrifugal Pump, Rotary Pump, Turbine Pump, Air Lift Pump), Power for Pumps, Selection of Pumps, Principles of Pumping, Pumping Station, Site Selection for Pumping Station... By Engr. M. Jalal Sarwar

2. WATER PUMPS
• A mechanical arrangement i.e. a machine by which water is caused to flow
from one place to another at increased pressure is called a Pump. Pumping is
a process of using a pump.
• As water always flows from higher point (Higher Elevation) to the lower point
(Lower Elevation), which is called Gravitational Flow.
• In water supply scheme, higher elevated site is selected for the source of
water or water reservoirs (Water Tanks), for the purpose of gravitational flow.
This method is good for mountainous & semi-mountainous areas, while not
suitable for plain areas.
• In plain areas, for water supply, water pumps are used to increase the
pressure and transfer the water from low elevated point to the high elevated
point.
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

3. NECESSITY OF PUMPING
• Increase water pressure in the distribution system.
• Causes lifting of water from underground for storage in reservoirs etc.
• Helps in carrying raw water to treatment plants.
• Helps in distribution clear and treated water to mains of water supply
system.
• Takes out water from ditches, basins, sumps and tanks etc.
• To transfer water from one tank to another tank.
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

4. KINDS OF PUMPS
• Different kinds of pumps are used for different kinds of works. In Civil
Engineering, following pumps are used:
1. Reciprocating Pump
2. Centrifugal Pump
3. Rotary Pump
4. Turbine Pump
5. Air Lift Pump
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

5. KINDS OF PUMPS
1. Reciprocating Pump:
• In this type of Pump, a vacuum is created in a chamber of cylindrical shape by
moving a piston or a plunger inside the closed cylinder.
• When the piston moves backward, the suction valve opens & sucks the water
into the cylinder, as piston moves forward, the suction valve closes while
discharge valve opens by which the water transferred to the Delivery pipe.
This kind of reciprocating pump is called Single Acting Pump.
• In Double Acting Pump, water discharges on both forward and back strokes.
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

6. KINDS OF PUMPS
RECIPROCATING PUMP
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

7. KINDS OF PUMPS
2. Centrifugal Pump:
• Centrifugal pumps works on the principle that when water in a storage is
allowed to rotate about a point, centrifugal force causes the water level of
rise. The centrifugal pump has an impeller with radial vanes rotating swiftly to
draw water into the center and discharge it by centrifugal force.
• Parts of Centrifugal Pump:
a) Impeller
b) Casing
c) Suction Pipe
d) Delivery Pipe
e) Delivery Valve
f) Prime Mover
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

8. KINDS OF PUMPS
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

9. KINDS OF PUMPS
3. Rotary Pump:
• This type of a pump is used where low discharge and low Head is required.
• This is of two kinds, Rotary Pump with Cam & Rotary Pump with Gear.
• Both kinds have the same operational process but only difference is the use
of Cams & the use of Gears in pumps.
• There are two cams/gears in rotary pump, rotates in opposite direction
trapping water in between, which in turn is lifted and discharged through the
outlet.
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

10. KINDS OF PUMPS
ROTARY PUMP
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

11. KINDS OF PUMPS
4. Turbine Pump:
• A specialized centrifugal pumps designed to move water from a well or
reservoir that is deep underground. Also known a Deep Well Turbine Pump
or a Line Shaft Turbine Pump, it is one of two main types of turbine pumps.
• The two main types of turbine pumps are Vertical Turbine Pumps and
Submersible Turbine Pumps. While submersible pumps have the electric
motor located underwater at the bottom of the pump, vertical turbine pumps
have the motor located above ground, connected via a long vertical shaft to
impellers at the bottom of the pump.
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

12. KINDS OF PUMPS
TURBINE PUMP
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

13. KINDS OF PUMPS
5. Air Lift Pump:
• Air lift pump work on the principle of
providing compressed air which causes
water to rise.
• In this pump, two kinds of pipes are placed
in the bore hole. One is for Water while
the second one is for Compressed Air.
• The suction pipe of this pump is immersed
very deeply. Such pumps are used to pump
water up to 75 meters of depth.
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

14. POWER FOR PUMPS
• To operate water pump, it needs some machinery. It may be Engine or
Motor. This Engine or Motor are operated with the help of Steam ,Diesel,
Petrol or Electricity. Machinery used for the operation of pumps are called
Prime Mover. These are given as:
1. Steam Engine
2. Diesel Engine
3. Petrol Engine
4. Electric Motor
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

15. SELECTION OF PUMPS
• In water supply, different kinds of pumps are used. For their selection,
following points should be taken into account:
a) Pump is selected by keeping in view the importance of water supply
scheme.
b)Importance & Cost of water supply scheme.
c) Repairing & Operational cost of the Pump.
d)Demand of water for water supply.
e)Keeping in view Head of Water.
f) Location of Pump.
g) Power for Pump.
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

16. PRINCIPLES OF PUMPING
• For water supply, water is pumped in Elevated Tanks or pumping directly
into the distribution pipes. Principles for both the methods are as:
• Pumping into Tank:
Generally in 24 hrs water is pumped into tank in two shifts. First shift is from
8AM to 1PM while the second shift is from 4PM to 9PM. At the end of the shift,
pumps are closed. On the other hand, one water pump (Standby) also provided
at Pumping Station, as if the primary pump faces any fault then the standby
pump is used for the water supply.
• Directly Pumping into Pipes:
In this method of water supply, water is pumped for 24 hrs. in three shifts. From
8AM to 10AM and from 6PM to 8PM, demand of water is high, so during that
time powerful pumps should be used.
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

17. PUMPING STATION
• A room in which the water pumps are installed, called Pumping Station.
• A suitable site is selected for Pumping Station.
• Water is transferred from Pumping Station to the Main Line. The velocity in
main lines should not be less than 2.5 m/sec.
• For pumping station, suitable type of construction material is selected which
should resist fire.
• For the safety of Pumps, Safety Valves are provided.
• A well in which all the pumps are installed, called Sump Well.
• In sump well, the depth of water should be at least 4.5 meter.
• A small room for the pump operator is also constructed in Pumping station.
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR

18. SITE SELECTION FOR PUMPING STATION
• Following points should be kept in view, while selecting the site for the
pumps and pumping stations:
a) The location of the pumps should be above High Flood Level (H.F.L.)
b)Required quantity of water should be available at the site.
c) The pumping station should be at higher level above all the sources of
contaminations.
d)The location site should be such that further growth and expansion may be
possible.
e)The source of water should be permanent.
f) Site should be easily accessible.
BY ENGR. M. JALAL SARWAR