ntake structures are used for collecting water from the surface sources such as river, lake, and reservoir and conveying it further to the water treatment plant. These structures are masonry or concrete structures and provides relatively clean water, free from pollution, sand and objectionable floating material.

1. SARDAR PATEL COLLEGE OF
ENGINEERING,BAKROL

2. SUB:- WATER & WASTE WATER
ENGINEERING
(2160604)
GUIDED BY: MOHIT SIR
SR. NO. NAME ENROLLMENT
NO.
1 JIGNESH PRAJAPATI 151240106061
2 MITESH PRAJAPATI 151240106064
3 NILESH PRAJAPATI 151240106065
4 TIRATH PRAJAPATI 151240106066
TOPIC: INTAKE STRUCTURES

4. INTAKE STRUCTURE
The main function of the intakes is to
collect water from the surface source
and then discharge water so
collected, by means of pumps or
directly to the treatment plant.

7. • Intakes structures essentially consists of opening, strainer
through which the raw water from river, canal or reservoir enters
and carried to the sump well.
• water from the sump well is pumped through the rising mains to
the treatment plant.

8. TYPES OF INTAKE
Depending on the source of water, the intake works are classified as follows:
• Lake Intake
• Reservoir Intake
• River Intake
• Canal Intake

9. LAKE INTAKE:
• For obtaining water from lakes mostly
submersible intakes are used.
• These intakes are constructed in the bed of the
lake below the water level.
• These intakes have advantages such as no
obstruction to the navigation, no danger from the
floating bodies and no trouble due to ice.
• As these intakes draw small quantity of water,
these are not used in big water supply schemes
or on rivers or reservoirs. The main reason being
that they are not easily approachable for
maintenance.

11. RIVER INTAKE:
• Water from the rivers is always drawn from the
upstream side, because it is free from the contamination
caused by the disposal of sewage in it.
• It is circular masonry tower of 4 to 7 m in diameter
constructed along the bank of the river at such place
from where required quantity of water can be obtained
even in the dry period.
• The water enters in the lower portion of the intake
known as sump well from penstocks.

13. RESERVOIR INTAKE
• It consists of an intake well, which is placed near the dam
and connected to the top of dam by foot bridge.

15. • The intake pipes are located at different levels with
common vertical pipe. The valves of intake pipes
are operated from the top.
• Each intake pipe is provided with bell mouth entry
with perforations of fine screen on its surface. The
outlet pipe is taken out through the body of dam.
The location of intake pipes at different levels
ensures supply of water from a level lower than the
surface level.
• When the valve of an intake pipe is opened the
water is drawn off from the reservoir to the outlet
pipe through the common vertical pipe.

16. CANAL INTAKE
• A intake chamber is constructed in the canal section.This results in the reduction
of water way which increases the velocity of flow. It therefore becomes necessary
to provide pitching on the downstream and upstream portion of canal intake.

18. • The entry of water in the intake chamber takes through
coarse screen and the top of outlet pipe is provided
with fine screen.
• The inlet to outlet pipe is of bell-mouth shape with
perforations of the fine screen on its surface.
• The outlet valve is operated from the top and it
controls the entry of water into the outlet pipe from
where it is taken to the treatment plant.

19. Design Considerations
• sufficient factor of safety against external forces such as
heavy currents, floating materials, submerged bodies, ice
pressure, etc.
• should have sufficient self weight so that it does not float by
upthrust of water.

20. • The intake structures design should provide for withdrawal of water
from more than one level to cope up with seasonal variations of depth
of water. Undersluices should be provided for release of less desirable
water held in storage.
• Undermining of foundations due to water currents or overturning
pressures, due to deposits of silt against one side of an intake
structure, are to be avoided.
• The entrance of large objects into the intake pipe is prevented by
coarse screen or by obstructions offered by small openings in the crib
work placed around the intake pipe. Fine screens for the exclusion of
small fish and other small objects should be placed at an accessible
point.

21. • The conduit for conveying water from the intake should lead
to a suction well in or near the pumping station. For conduits
laid under water, standard cast iron pipe may be used. Larger
conduits may be of steel of concrete.A tunnel makes the
safest conduit.
• A velocity of 60 to 90 cm/s in the intake conduit with a lower
velocity through the ports will give satisfactory performance.
The horizontal cross-sectional area of the suction well should
be three to five times the vertical cross-sectional area of the
intake conduit.

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