The document discusses waste minimization and management. It defines waste and different types of waste like e-waste, iron waste, and bio-waste. It explains that waste minimization aims to reduce waste at its source and encourages reuse, recycling, and recovery. Various techniques can be used to minimize waste including modifying processes, improving resource efficiency, and reducing unnecessary materials and packaging. Proper waste management has environmental and economic benefits such as lower disposal costs and reduced environmental impacts.

1. REUSE
WASTE MINIMIZATION

2. E-WASTE IRON WASTE
What is waste ?
 Waste includes all items that people no
longer have any use for, which they either
intend to get rid of or have already
discarded
HOUSE CLEEN WASTE BIO-WASTE

3. What Is Minimization ?
 The act of reducing something to the least
possible amount or degree or position.
D
E
C
High waste R
E Low waste
A
S

4. What Is Waste Minimization?
 Waste minimization is the process and the policy of reducing
the amount of waste produced by a person or a society.
Waste minimization can be defined as "systematically
reducing waste at source". It means:
• Prevention and/or reduction of waste generated WM PROCESS
• Efficient use of raw materials and packaging
• Efficient use of fuel, electricity and water
• Improving the quality of waste generated to facilitate
recycling and/or reduce hazard
• Encouraging re-use, recycling and recovery.

5. Environmental Legislation
 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
 The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
 The Hazardous Waste (Management & Handling) Rules,
1989.
 The National Environmental Tribunal Act, 1995.
 The Biomedical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules,
1998.
 The Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, 2000.

6. Categories of bio medical waste:
Category Waste category Treatment & disposal
number option
1 Human Anatomical Waste Incineration / deep burial
(human tissues, organs, body parts)
2 Animal Waste Incineration / deep burial
(animal tissues, organs, body parts carcasses,
bleeding parts, fluid, blood and experimental
animals used in research, waste generated by
veterinary hospitals colleges, discharge from
hospitals animal houses)
3 Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste Local autoclaving /micro waving
(wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks or / incineration
specimens of micro-organism live or attenuated
vaccines, human and animal cell culture used )
4 Waste Sharps Disinfections
(needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, glass, etc.)
5 Discarded Medical and Cytotoxic Incineration / destruction drugs
Drugs (wastes comprising or updated, disposal insecured landfills
contaminated and is carded medicines)

7. Category Waste category Treatment & disposal
number option
6 Solid Waste Incineration /
(Items contaminated with blood, and Autoclaving /
body, fluids including cotton, Micro waving
dressings, soiled plaster casts,
7 Solid Waste Disinfections by
(wastes generated from disposable chemical treatment
items other than the waste sharps
Such as tubing‘s, catheters)
8 Liquid Waste Disinfections by
(waste generated from laboratory ) chemical treatment
9 Incineration Ash Disposal in municipal landfill
(ash from incineration of any bio-medical waste )
10 Chemical Waste Chemical treatment and
(chemical used in production of biological, discharge into drains for
chemicals used in disinfections, as insecticides, liquids and secured landfill for
etc) solids

8. COLOR CODING OF WASTE CATEGORIES :
Color Coding Type of Container and Treatment options as per
Waste Category Schedule I
Yellow Plastic bag Cat. 1, Cat. 2, Incineration/deep burial
and Cat. 3, Cat. 6.
Red Disinfected Autoclaving/Microwavin
container/plastic bag g/ Chemical Treatment
Cat. 3, Cat. 6, Cat.7.
Blue/White translucent Plastic bag/puncture Autoclaving/Microwavin
proof Cat. 4, Cat. 7. g/ Chemical Treatment
Container and
destruction/shredding
Black Plastic bag Cat. 5 and Disposal in secured
Cat. 9 and Cat. 10. landfill
(solid)

9. SCHEDULE IV
(see Rule 6)
LABEL FOR TRANSPORT OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
CONTAINERS/BAGS
Day ............ Month ..............Year ...........
Date of generation ...................
Waste category No ........
Waste class ……………….
Waste description ………………..
Sender's Name & Address Receiver's Name & Address
Phone No ........ Phone No ...............
Telex No .... Telex No ...............
Fax No ............... Fax No .................
Contact Person ........ Contact Person .........
In case of emergency please contact
Name & Address :
Phone No. ……....
Note : Label shall be non-washable and prominently visible.

10. Implementation of
BIO-MEDICAL WASTE RULES 1998
Health care waste includes
 Waste generated by the health care facilities
 Research facilities
 Laboratories
Biomedical waste in hospitals
 85% are non-infectious
 10% are infectious
 5% are hazardous

11. WM TECHNIQUES:
Modification
of the waste generation
WM TECHNIQUES
process in order to transform the wasted
material of wasted materials in the instructions, supervision, awareness
Reuse into a material that can same
Working be
process or for another useful application
reused or recycled for another application training of workforce would
and regular
RECYCLING SOURCE PRODUCTION
within or the industry.
within outside the company.
facilitate good housekeeping. MODIFICATION
REDUCTION
Modifications of the working procedures,technology, processing
Replacement of the machine-
Substitution of input materialsprocess record keeping in in order to
operating of existing and of eco- synthesis route, Good house-
sequence by
Modificationinstructions production equipment and
Onsite Creation and/or Process
friendly material the processes atwaste and emission generation can be
useful by Characteristics of the keeping
order to and preferably havinghigher change
recovery run minimize longer efficiency and product
utilities, for instance, by the addition of measuring
service reuse waste generation and emissions. minimize the environmental
time.
with lower devices .
products modified to
during production.
and controlling
impacts of its production or those of the
product itself during or after its use
Input (disposal). Equipment
Better Technology
material process modification change
change control

12. How to Minimize Waste :
Waste can be minimized by looking at:
Inputs ------- (for example, energy and raw materials)
Processes ------- (controlling them and improving them)
Outputs ------- (for example, end products, solid waste, water and
effluent, waste raw materials, heat and energy losses)
A Waste Minimization Initiative should effectively manage all aspects of a
business’s waste.

13. What are the Benefits of Waste Minimization?
Minimizing waste will help the business to:
 Keep waste disposal costs down.
 Keep raw material costs down.
 Comply with legislation.
 Reduce impact on the environment.
 Perhaps support other businesses – one business’s waste
may be another business’s resource.

14. WASTE PRODUCTION:
nappies &
sanitary
plastic
3%
8%
paper organic
7% 27%
potentially
hazardous
14%
glass
rubber 4%
1%
textailes rubble
16%
non-ferrous 4%
metal ferrous metal
1% 4% timber, 11%

15.  AVSEQ01.DAT

17. Thank
you......
providing such an
OPPURTUNITY