The document discusses various waste minimization techniques used in the textile industry, including process optimizations, chemical substitutions, and effluent treatment. Specific examples include replacing starch with PVA in sizing, using low-salt reactive dyes, lowering liquor ratios in dyeing, and treating effluent with screening, equalization, coagulation, sedimentation, and activated sludge processes. A case study describes measures taken at a textile mill in India that reduced total effluent volume by 25,000 liters per day and pollution load by 40-45% through various waste reduction efforts.