The document discusses issues related to waste reduction, pollution prevention, and proper handling and disposal of universal wastes like batteries, lamps, and other items. It provides an overview of regulatory requirements for universal waste handlers and destination facilities. Additionally, it outlines various strategies organizations can implement to reduce waste at the source through equipment upgrades, process modifications, and improved housekeeping and maintenance practices.

1. Waste Issues Spotlight:
Restaurants, Bars & Food Service
Operations
Fats, Oils & Greases (FOG)
& Other Solid Wastes
University of Louisville
Shelby Campus
February 17, 2000
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2. Driving Forces on Legislation
p Property Owners: NIMBY, “Universal Backyard”
p Taxpayers/Agencies: Pressured by rising disposal fees
p Environmentalists: Concerns of ecological effects
p Industries: Fear punitive legislation & regulations
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3. Our “Universal Backyard”
p NIMBY
p NOTE
p BANANA
p CAVE
p NOPE
3

4. State Legislative Approaches
p Increased recycling rates
p Increased recycled contents
p Advance disposal fees
p Packaging taxes/fees to support
recycling
p Packaging & product bans
4

5. Challenges to Recycling
p Cheaper to use virgin
materials
p Recycled materials
often fail to meet
Buyer Specs
p Consumer mistrust of
recycled materials
p Inadequate supply of
Post-consumer
materials
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6. ‘90 Pollution Prevention Act
Defines Source Reduction as:
Any practice which reduces the amount of any
hazardous substance, pollutant, or
contaminant entering any waste stream or
otherwise released into the environment
(including fugitive emissions)
prior to recycling, treatment, or disposal;
and reduces the hazards to public health and the
environment associated with the release of
such substances, pollutants, or contaminants.
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7. Hierarchy for Pollution
Prevention (P2)
p Source Reduction
p Reuse/Recycling
p Energy Recovery
p Composting
p Treatment
p Disposal
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8. What is P2?
What is the Root Cause?
p Is Wastewater Treatment Pollution
Prevention?
p Wastewater Treatment is Pollution
Control; & Treatment = Sludge!
8

9. P2 Programs are Selling
Multi-Media Approaches
pW ater
pA ir
pS olids
pT ime
pE nergy
9

10. Waste Reduction
Operation Phase
Start Recognized Need
Assessment & Trng.
PHASE Good Housekeeping
Waste Separation
Simple Recycling
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0-6 months, Big Return on Investment

11. Good Housekeeping
p Leads to Pride &
Commitment
p Keep It Clean In
the First Place
p Waste, Leaks &
Spills Easier to
Spot
p Dry Cleanup
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12. Inventory Management
p Procurement Control
é Material Types &
Quantities
é Container Sizes &
Packaging
Requirements
é Raw Material Quality
é MSDS’s
p Material Control
é Unloading & Storage
é Handling & Use
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13. Source Reduction Options
for Packaging
p Light weighting
p Selecting another material
p Bulk packaging
p Switching from single-use to
reusable containers
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14. Returnable for Reuse
14

15. Packaging Designed for
Ease of Breakdown & Reuse
Cosmair - Florence
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16. Plastic Container, Strap &
Sheet Recycling
p Cosmair -
Florence
16

17. Waste Reduction
Equipment Phase
Process Controls
Equipment Modifications
PHASE
Source Treatment
6 months - 2 years
Some Return on Investment
17

18. P2 Process & Equipment
Selection Considerations
p Solid Waste (Reduce/Reuse/Recycle)
p Energy demand (efficiency)
p Chemical use (disinfect, odors, aids)
p Air emissions (VOCs, aerosols)
p Water use & conservation
p Sludge generated (heavy metals,
etc.) 18

19. Institutional Barriers
p Supply Practices
p Materials Usage Patterns
p Materials Management
Practices
p Waste Disposal Practices
p Resource Consumption
Patterns
p Preferential Use of
Equipment or Techniques
19

20. P2 Benefits for POTW
p Reduce transfer of influent contaminants to
air or groundwater
p Further reduce occurrences of interference &
pass-through
p Reduce collection system hazards (toxics &
gases) & increase worker safety
p Local Economy
p Reduced liability to community
p Improved public relations & image
p Attract business
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21. Evaluate Why P2 is Important
to Communities
p Water is a limited resource
p Statewide Water Quality - Once
quantity is restricted, the quality must
be monitored
p TMDL’s - Limits to what a watershed
can receive
p P2 may be the first step to encourage
nonpretreatment cities to reduce
pollutant contributions 21

22. Basic Tenets of Total Quality
Management (TQM)
p Focus
éCustomer Satisfaction/”Delight”
p Philosophy
éContinual Improvement
p Customer Diagnosis
éFulfillment
éExpectations
éExciting or Exceeds Expectations
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23. www.kppc.org
The Next Steps:
P2 & FOG Management
Louisville, KY
February 17, 2000
Cam Metcalf
Executive Director
jcmetc01@gwise.louisville.edu
502-852-0965 23

24. Universal Waste
401 KAR Chapter 43
Division of Waste Management
Hazardous Waste Branch
24

25. Universal Wastes
in Kentucky
p Batteries
p Pesticides
p Thermostats
p Spent Lamps
25

26. Lamps
p Bulb or tube
portion
p includes
incandescent,
fluorescent, high
pressure sodium,
mercury vapor,
metal halide, high
intensity discharge
& neon lamps
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27. Universal Waste Handler
INCLUDES ---
p Generators of universal waste
p Facility owners:
é Receiving
é Accumulating
DOES NOT INCLUDE ---
p Treatment, disposal or
recycling facilities
p Transportation & transfer
facilities
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28. Universal Waste Handlers
p LARGE : p SMALL:
é Accumulates é does NOT
5,000 kg or accumulate
more at ANY over 5,000 kg
time at ANY time
é Status is
retained
throughout 11,000
pounds + less than
the calendar 11,000
year pounds
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29. Registration
p Small Handlers
é None
p Large Handlers
é Register only to
obtain EPA ID Number
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30. Requirements for
ALL Handlers
p Accumulate up to 1 year
p Mark or label all waste
p Maintain inventory system
p Employee training:
éProper Handling
éEmergency procedures
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31. More...
pRelease response plan:
éContain releases
éDetermine if residual waste
is hazardous
pKeep shipment records
pExports
pKeep records 3 years
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32. Transporters
p Comply with state
transportation
regulations
p No manifest
p Release response plan
p Store universal waste
for 10 days or less
32

33. Destination Facility
p Treats, disposes or recycles universal waste
p Excludes accumulation
33

34. Destination Facilities
p Must have a hazardous
waste facility permit
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
PERMIT
p May only send waste to
another destination facility
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35. More...
p Notify Cabinet if hazardous
waste is received
p Keep record of shipments
received
p Retain records 3 years
35

36. P2/Source Reduction
Includes:
p Equipment or technology modifications
p Process or procedure modifications
p Reformulation or redesign of products
p Substitution of Raw Materials
p Improvements in:
é Housekeeping
é Maintenance
é Inventory Control
é Training
36

37. Equipment
Modifications
p Fluorescent Lamp Upgrades
é T8 Lamp-Ballast Upgrade (requires new ballasts)
é 40W T10 Lamps (longer life)
é 40W T12 High-lumen Lamps (operate with electronic
ballasts)
é Reduced-wattage T12 Lamps (light output is also
reduced)
é 25W T12 Lamps with T8 Electronic Ballasts (see
“Snap Back” under training)
é 32W Heater Cutout Lamps (need magnetic ballasts)
37

38. Equipment
Modifications
p “Tubeless” lighting systems
p Ballasts:
é Partial-output electronic with reduction in both light
output & energy consumption (Task/Ambient lighting)
é Controllable electronic (Photosensors, occupancy
sensors & dimmers)
é Cathode-disconnect (Hybrid) Magnetic (disconnect
power to filaments & save energy)
é “Energy-efficient” magnetic (low initial cost, highest
operating costs)
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39. Process or Procedure
Modifications
p Uniform Delamping/Reduce the amount
of tubes you use
p Task-oriented Delamping/Match
lighting load more closely to work area
p Specular Reflectors with Delamping
39

40. Improvements In:
p Housekeeping-Don’t break tubes!
p Maintenance
éProper practices can help avoid
“snap back”
éGroup relamping & cleaning can be
less expensive than spot maintenance
(use most efficient maintenance
method)
40

41. Improvements In:
p Inventory Control
éDelamping reduces lamp & ballast
inventory
éInitiate specifications for tubes &
ballasts to ensure benefits & savings
éSpecify only UL-classified reflectors if
part of an electrical enclosure
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42. Improvements In:
p Training
é Enhance personnel training in proper
maintenance techniques & lighting
alternatives
é “Snap back” avoided with ongoing training
é Delamping training for maximum
utilization of the reflector
é Training for recycling / Properly packed
tubes for storage & transportation
é Proper labeling for transportation
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43. Recycling Fluorescent
Lamps
p Recycling processes for:
é Glass
é End Caps
é Filaments (cathodes)
p Recovery processes for:
é Phosphor powder
é Mercury powder
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44. 44

45. KPPC& Waste Management Division:
Providing P2 Services
p Training: Waste Issues Spotlight
p On-site P2 Assessments
p KIME / WWWeb & Hardcopy
p KPPC Homepage address:
www.kppc.org
p Restaurant page:
www.kppc.org/spotlight/foodservice
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