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Managment of waste at house hold level
- 2. Waste Disposal – The mammoth scale of the problem Conservative estimates are that India generates 150,000 Metric Tons of solid waste every day. In Jaipur the Nagar Nigam collects between 1400 to 1800 MT everyday
- 3. Garbage Issues in Cities
- 5. About This Presentation Types of Waste Household Waste Managing Biodegradable waste in the house Plastics Rules and Bans in various States Reduce, Recycle and Reuse
- 6. Types of Waste Solid Waste - Municipal solid waste refers to any non-liquid waste that is created by an individual person, household, small business, or institution, such as a school or hospital. This type of waste is commonly called trash or garbage and includes everyday items, things that are broken, food that has spoiled, or simply any item a person no longer needs or wants. The most common items disposed of as municipal solid waste are paper, yard trimmings, food, plastics, metals, rubbers, and textiles.
- 7. Types of Waste Non Municipal Solid Waste- Industrial and Hazardous waste, construction and demolition waste, Bio-medical waste etc. Liquid waste and sewage is dealt with separately. Solid Waste Management Rules 2016 of the Ministry of Environment
- 8. Biodegradable/ Non Biodegradable Waste Biodegradable waste is organic material that can be degraded by micro-organisms into simpler compounds. Non-biodegradable waste can not be degraded by micro-organisms into simpler compounds
- 11. House Hold Waste House hold waste is a mixed bag consisting of Fruit and vegetable peels, left over food Food packaging materials and containers, bottles, cans etc. Plastic materials- storage, use and throw, wrapping, toys, stationary etc. Electronic (E-Waste)- computer parts, batteries, mobiles, bulbs etc. Medical – bandages, gauges etc. Paper, wood and metal items Garden waste like leaves, grass, twigs, dead flowers etc.
- 12. House Hold Waste Different types of waste need separate processes of disposal. Segregation at source is at the heart of household waste management and even turning waste into wealth.
- 13. Managing biodegradable waste at the house hold level Reducing waste is the best method of management – In most houses we anyway try and produce less biodegradable waste Vegetable and Fruit Peel – Segregate and Internal composting Left over food – Give to Municipality (biodegradable bin liners?) Paper, wood ( and metal+glass ) – give to Kabadi Grass, leaves and twigs – Make garden Manure
- 14. Managing biodegradable waste at the house hold level - Compost from kitchen waste
- 15. Managing biodegradable waste at the house hold level - Compost from kitchen waste
- 16. Managing biodegradable waste at the house hold level - Compost from kitchen waste
- 17. Managing biodegradable waste at the house hold level - Compost from kitchen waste Kambha
- 18. Managing biodegradable waste at the house hold level - Compost from kitchen waste What to add Green matter = High nitrogen Vegetable and fruit peels and scraps (except citrus fruits) Coffee grounds Tea bags Flowers Grass clippings Egg shells (has to be crushed before adding) Brown matter = High carbon Dry leaves Saw dust Small wood chips Straw or hay Wood ash What not to add Cooked food as it decays and gives a bad odour, so it is best to avoid adding it. Meat, bones as it attracts rats and smells bad Pet waste Batteries Diseased plants Medicines Plastic bags
- 19. Managing biodegradable waste at the house hold level - Manure from Garden waste
- 20. Managing biodegradable waste at the house hold level - Manure from Garden waste 1. Food: Green and Browns There should be an equal mix of green matter- (nitrogen) and brown matter (carbon) for the microorganisms to their work. 1. Air: Proper aeration is ensured by turning or mixing the pile at regular intervals. 2. 3.Water: If the pile is too dry, decomposition will not take place. If it is too wet, the pile will have lot of maggots and also the pile will stink. So maintaining the correct moisture level is important.
- 21. Managing biodegradable waste at the house hold level Sale to Kabadi – make some money
- 22. Managing biodegradable waste at the house hold level Door to door collection by Municipality
- 23. Managing biodegradable waste at the house hold level Collection Boxes
- 24. Plastics 8.3 billion tonnes of Plastics produced 50 billion plastic bags are used every year 50% of the plastic is single use or disposable In India increase in Plastic use after liberalization in 1990 In Jaipur more than 10% of collected waste is plastic.
- 25. Plastics Polymers first developed in in 1800’s. Since 1907 after creation of Bakelite by Leo Bakeland use of plastics has grown. Low cost, ease of manufacture, versatility, weather resistance – they are used for multitude of products – from paper clip to spacecrafts. Overshot material like wood, stone, leather, glass, more plastic other than cement and steel
- 26. Types of Plastics Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE or PET) High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Polypropylene (PP) Polystyrene or Styrofoam (PS) Miscellaneous plastics (includes: polycarbonate, polylactide, acrylic, acrylonitrile butadiene, styrene, fiberglass, and nylon)
- 28. Plastics
- 29. Plastics Non Biodegradable Block drains Street collection and Landfill collection Micro plastic particles reach food chain esp Marine Life Toxic if not recycled properly
- 30. Plastics Segregation for recycle Less Use
- 31. Plastics
- 32. Plastics Bans Rajasthan Ban on Plastic Carry Bags below 50 micron since 2010 Not enforced Some enforcement after low rank of Jaipur in Swach Bharat Ranking
- 34. E Waste Government Collection Centers Sell to Kabadi Private Startups Govt Subsidy Women
- 35. Reduce and Reuse tips
- 36. Reduce and Reuse tips Each individual will have to find his own balance Avoid single use items Zero waste shops Avoid plastics wherever possible
- 37. Why Reduce and Reuse Preserve non-renewal natural resources-Less mining, Reduce consumption of new materials and save energy Reduce Environmental footprints Decrease the amount of waste to be disposed- Save space, energy It makes economic sense to reuse and recycle Reduce green house gas emissions, help in preventing global warming and climate change.
- 38. Efforts to be made More knowhow and methods to be developed by Government and other agencies , about easier methods of waste segregation. Encouraging agencies and individuals , financially also , who collect segregated waste and take it to its destination for reuse and recycling and even recognising kabaddi walas as professionals. Developing more science and technology to make plastics degradable.
- 39. Efforts to be made As citizens, try to follow the principles of reduce, reuse and recycle of all items perceived as waste and revive old traditions that facilitate this . Further the use of plastics , especially of single use/disposable ones , be reduced drastically. More publicity and information on how various type of waste is being reused, recycled and refurbished and disposed of methodically in different parts of the world.Specially need to be highlighted are the efforts ,at local and decentralised levels ,as they endeavour to mitigate the harmful effects and improve the environment and the quality of life .
Editor's Notes
- With rapid economic growth, industrialisation, urbanisation, availability and demand of consumer goods, changing lifestyles and increase in prevalence of use and throw items; waste management, specially of solid waste has become a challenge. Hence it is essential that along with the Government, the citizens also become proactive in the efforts to improve our health and wellbeing, environment, and reduce the effects of pollution, global warming, climate change and make our lives better and happier.
- A common site. Extrapolate to blocked drains, rivers, pacific garbage patch
- Landfill: this method is widely used in the earliest; solid wastes are filled under the ground. Compared to other ways, landfill has many advantages: it can be used for processing all kinds of waste, with mature technology, simple operation, large capacity, as well as low investment and operating costs. It is a major way to treat solid waste. But it has many problems. Waste in landfill has a large number of bacteria, viruses and heavy metal pollution. It also can harm our groundwater for long. Landfill has great potential harm, and it will leave endless troubles for in future. Composting. Part of solid waste can be used for fertilizer, but this method is only used in small scale, and this fertilizer can cause soil salinization. Biofermentation gasification technology. This method uses landfill way, waste will be dissolved due to decay in role of biological fungus. It is widely used because of simple operation and low cost. But this method only applies to biomass. End products not only will take up a lot of land, but also can permeate into soil to pollute groundwater and air, such as biogas, residue and leachate, etc. Oxidation (incineration) technology. At present, incineration is the main way to reduce MSW. Waste incineration power generation plant can dispose parts of waste, and inefficient realize resources recovery. But it also has many disadvantages, such as secondary pollution, high investment and operating cost. Incomplete oxidation (oxygen-poor) pyrolysis and gasification technology. This plant is very expensive.
- Landfill: this method is widely used in the earliest; solid wastes are filled under the ground. Compared to other ways, landfill has many advantages: it can be used for processing all kinds of waste, with mature technology, simple operation, large capacity, as well as low investment and operating costs. It is a major way to treat solid waste. But it has many problems. Waste in landfill has a large number of bacteria, viruses and heavy metal pollution. It also can harm our groundwater for long. Landfill has great potential harm, and it will leave endless troubles for in future. Composting. Part of solid waste can be used for fertilizer, but this method is only used in small scale, and this fertilizer can cause soil salinization. Biofermentation gasification technology. This method uses landfill way, waste will be dissolved due to decay in role of biological fungus. It is widely used because of simple operation and low cost. But this method only applies to biomass. End products not only will take up a lot of land, but also can permeate into soil to pollute groundwater and air, such as biogas, residue and leachate, etc. Oxidation (incineration) technology. At present, incineration is the main way to reduce MSW. Waste incineration power generation plant can dispose parts of waste, and inefficient realize resources recovery. But it also has many disadvantages, such as secondary pollution, high investment and operating cost. Incomplete oxidation (oxygen-poor) pyrolysis and gasification technology. This plant is very expensive.
- Landfill: this method is widely used in the earliest; solid wastes are filled under the ground. Compared to other ways, landfill has many advantages: it can be used for processing all kinds of waste, with mature technology, simple operation, large capacity, as well as low investment and operating costs. It is a major way to treat solid waste. But it has many problems. Waste in landfill has a large number of bacteria, viruses and heavy metal pollution. It also can harm our groundwater for long. Landfill has great potential harm, and it will leave endless troubles for in future. Composting. Part of solid waste can be used for fertilizer, but this method is only used in small scale, and this fertilizer can cause soil salinization. Biofermentation gasification technology. This method uses landfill way, waste will be dissolved due to decay in role of biological fungus. It is widely used because of simple operation and low cost. But this method only applies to biomass. End products not only will take up a lot of land, but also can permeate into soil to pollute groundwater and air, such as biogas, residue and leachate, etc. Oxidation (incineration) technology. At present, incineration is the main way to reduce MSW. Waste incineration power generation plant can dispose parts of waste, and inefficient realize resources recovery. But it also has many disadvantages, such as secondary pollution, high investment and operating cost. Incomplete oxidation (oxygen-poor) pyrolysis and gasification technology. This plant is very expensive.