This document discusses waste minimization and environmental imperatives. It defines resource depletion as the exhaustion of resources from a region through overuse beyond replacement rates. Sustainable development is defined as meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet their own needs. Waste minimization aims to reduce waste production at the societal and individual levels across harvesting, production, distribution, consumption, and disposal. Processes can minimize rejects and maximize outputs, products, and byproducts over inputs like materials, water and energy. Waste minimization provides incentives like reduced costs and improved regulatory compliance and social responsibility. Barriers include economic, technological and regulatory challenges. Conventional waste management focuses on collection, treatment and disposal, while alternative approaches consider

1. WASTE MINIMISATION –
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPERATIVES
by
Vishal Duggal
Alliance Engineers
7812/5, Passi Road, PATIALA (Punjab).
Ph.: 98766 05933, 98 140 059 33
email: visduggal@gmail.com; mailto@allianceers.com
for
National Productivity
Council
Chandigarh
CICU
Ludhiana

2. Resource Depletion
 Natural resources – Renewable and Non-renewable
 Resource depletion – exhaustion of resources/
materials from a region
 Use of resources beyond their rate of replacement
 Using resources in an unmanaged and unplanned
manner – causes pollution
Sustainable Development
“Development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet
their own needs”
Bruntland Report, 1987

3. Waste Minimisation – WHAT?
The policy and processes to have waste
minimization means to reduce the production
of waste at society and individual level
 Harvesting of resources
 Processing and production operations
 Distribution
 Consumption
 Reject handling and disposal
Waste Minimisation applies to all resources
 Natural or man-made
 Material or energy

4. Processes/Operations
INPUTS OUTPUTS REJECTS
 Materials
 Water
 Energy
 Products –
material
 Bye-products –
material
 Energy
 Losses
 Pollutants – solid,
liquid, gaseous,
noise, odours
 Waste energy

5. Resource Efficiency - Business Case

6. Hierarchy – Waste Minimisation
Reuse (on-site)
WasteDiversion
Reduce (source consumption)
Refuse (avoidance)
Recycle (off-site)
Recovery (resource & energy)
Treatment & disposal
R
E
I
M
A
G
I
N
E

7. Source Reduction
Opportunities
Source
reduction
Housekeeping
improvement
Product
reformulation
Input
material
alteration
Technology
alteration
Good operating
practices

8. Waste Minimisation -
Incentives
 Reduced costs
 Raw materials, energy, water
 Storage and handling
 Waste handling and disposal
 Health and safety
 Resource conservation
 Improved regulatory compliance
 Improved efficiency and productivity
 Improved social responsibility performance

9. Waste Minimisation - Barriers
 Economic barriers
 Technological barriers
 Regulatory barriers

10. Conventional approach;
 Waste collection
 Treatment for compliance (and to make the waste
compatible for disposal)
 Dispose
Alternative thoughts;
 Cheapest available solution just avoiding prosecution
 Best available solution not entailing excessive cost
Waste Management
Spend resources or face penalty

11. Waste Management…
Plant Management Waste Management Material handling
Management incentives Waste/environmental
audits
Material tracking &
inventory control
Employee training Waste stream
segregation
Spill prevention
Closer supervision Waste handling and
storage procedures
Material handling &
storage procedures
Production scheduling Preventive maintenance
Additional
documentation

12. Water Management
(Textile Wet Procesing)
CLICK HERE for Water Management Scheme in
Textile Dyeing Industry

13.  Use of high strength caustic (>20%)
 Results in process effluent having high alkalinity (~8-10%
caustic), TDS and COD
 Impractical to treat and dispose using conventional EOP
approach
Alternative thoughts;
 Use of liquid ammonia
 Reuse of Diluted alkali scouring, bleaching, or dyeing
 Recovery of alkali (recycle/reuse)
• Volume reduction (process modification)
• Neutralisation – use of flue gases (combustion
emissions from boiler)
• Caustic recovery – causticizing
Wastewater Management
(Denim Mercerizing)

14.  Bone gelatine manufacturing – an effluent stream rich in
calcium and chloride (~2-3%) from use of HCl for bone
leaching
 Impractical to treat and dispose using conventional EOP
approach
Alternative thoughts;
 Treatment to replace Ca2+ with H+
• Multi-stage pressure filteration (to remove TSS)
• Sulphuric acid treatment
• Barium chloride treatment
 Gypsum of >90% purity recoverable
 High purity BaSO4 available as bye-product
 Use of recovered wastewater for bone leaching process
Wastewater Management
(Crushed Bone Acid Leaching Process)

15. Any Questions …..???