Vishal Duggal, profile picture
Uploaded byVishal Duggal
PPTX, PDF144 views

Industry and environment scenario

The document discusses various topics related to industrial environment management and sustainable development. It provides an overview of sustainable development indicators such as GDP, HDI, ecological footprint. It also discusses issues in agriculture like pesticide residues and malnutrition. Key industrial sectors in India are identified and industries are re-categorized based on their pollution levels. A list of 43 critically polluted industrial areas in different states is also given with details on air, water, land pollution levels.

Embed presentation

Download to read offline
Industrial & Environmental Scenario and Industrial Environment Management for Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Sangrur (Punjab) by Vishal Duggal Alliance Engineers PATIALA (Punjab) Ph.: 98766 05933, 98 140 059 33 Email: visduggal@gmail.com
Structural changes in modern world economy (Nikolai Kondratiev) Super cycles, great surges, long waves, K waves or long economic cycles
Sustainable Development WCED 1987: OUR COMMON FUTURE (BRUNDTLAND COMMISSION) Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Towards Measuring SD: Consideration of Progress Indicators • GDP ( Gross Domestic Product) • Measure of Economic Welfare (MEW) • The Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) and Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) • Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender – related Development Index (GDI) • Ecological Footprint (EF) • Happy Planet Index (HPI) • Regional Quality of Development Index (QUARS – Italy) • Quality of Life Index (PQLI) …. etc. • Green GDP or Green National Accounting (towards indicators supplementing GDP – greening the national accounts)  System of Economic Environmental Accounts (SEEA)  National Accounting Matrix including Environmental Accounts (NAMEA)  German Environmental Economic Accounting (GEEA)  System of Economic and Social Accounting Matrices and Extensions (SESAME) • Supplementing GDP  Millennium Development Goals etc.  Sustainable Development indicators (SDG Goals for 2030; with 200+ Indicators)
 The issue of ecocentric view / anthropocentric view  Resources : are productive functions and operations performed by tangible substances when used to satisfy a given end or defined want. Resources explicitly require objectives and planning agents (managers).  Key factors of resources : Utility and scarcity and classes (stock and flow)  Conservation generally requires decreases in present rates of use for stock and carefully controlled rates of use for flow resources  Is there something called scarcity value ? Human Dimension to NRM Human-Induced Changes Natural Changes No Human Impact Acceptable Impact Unacceptable Impact Principles : • Precautionary • Polluter Pays
Forests are becoming croplands to feed our growing millions. Fewer trees, more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
Forest Cover in India (2011) [ IRDR 2012/13 – IDFC]
Current widespread agricultural practices - Key Issues  Pesticides ; GMO’s ; Preservatives & Chemical additives ; Adulteration ; Quality of food; Antioxidants; Nutrition  Issues : poor soils and low fertility (carbon content 0.2% to 0.5%); inadequate groundwater as well as low water holding capacity; Income instability for farm families and general health of society (rural / urban)
Consumer end – The scenario  Daily intake of pesticides ranging from 1.5 times to 72 times to so called safe limits for adults  Children 4 times more susceptible and that three fourths of products consumed by children are contaminated  Pesticide residues accumulate in the body and lead to cancer, neurological disorders, suppress body immune system, suppress cognitive development etc. The problem of malnutrition !! Issues of tradeoffs with food security and the means to the end.
Nutritional Quality A study by US Dept. of Agriculture on 43 crops between 1950 & 1999, found that the nutrient decline ranged from 6% to 38% in case of Proteins, calcium, phosphorous, iron, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid. Towards a solution (Organic farming which is sustainable – ecological, economic, social ) Note : It takes atleast three years of continuous organic farming to reasonably decontaminate soils from existing status
Green House Effect
Climate Change and Impacts Slow and Gradual: increase in earth’s surface temperature melting of polar ice melting of glaciers long-term lean-season effects on perennial rivers rise in sea level erosion and submergence of soil in coastal regions salt water intrusion into fresh water sources in coastal regions irregular and erratic weather patterns shifting of seasons increasing / decreasing seasonal rainfall extreme weather events floods and droughts changes in frequency and intensity of cyclones
Climate Change and Impacts… effects on forests shift in forest coverage and types and effects on associated biodiversity effects on agriculture and food production [due to changes in temperature, humidity and precipitation (rainfall, snow)] changes in flora and fauna
Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source (2004) Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source (2004) Emission % Energy supply 26 Industry 19 Forestry 17 Agriculture 14 Transport 13 Residential & Commercial buildings 8 Waste and wastewater 3 United States Environment Protection Agency
Some are natural some man- made
India’s CO2 emissions – Sector wise distribution [million Tons CO2 and in % terms] (2007)
• Worldwide accounting of fresh water application : Agriculture (70%); Industry (20%) and Domestic (10%) • In some industrialized nations, however, industries consume more than half of the water available for human use. Belgium, for example, uses 80% of the water available for industry. • Freshwater withdrawals have tripled over the last 50 years. Demand for freshwater is increasing by 64 billion cubic meters a year (1 cubic meter = 1,000 liters) • The world’s population is growing by roughly 80 million people each year (implications from lifestyle changes) • Between 1,000 and 4,000 litres of water are needed to produce a single litre of biofuel. • Almost 80% of diseases in so called "developing" countries are associated with water Water (UNESCO and FAO)
Stage of Ground water development across states (IRDR 2012/13 – IDFC]
Industrialisation and Clusters  Mechanism: Agglomeration  Purpose: Geographical distribution and balanced development  Logic: Externality/spillovers and Economies of Scale/Scope  Types of clusters: differ from one another depending upon history of emergence, nature of product, markets, organisation of production etc.  No. of Industrial Clusters in the world = More than 1.2 Lakh  No. of Industrial Clusters in India (and Mahalanobis Plan) = more than 6400 “Clusters are a geographically proximate group of interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field linked by commonalities and complementarities. Clusters encompass a array of linked industries and other entities important to competition …including governmental and other institutions – such as universities, standard setting agencies, think tanks, vocational training providers and trade associations” Porter (1998) …geographically bounded concentration of similar, related or complementary businesses, with active channels for business transactions, communications and dialogue, that share specialized infrastructure, labour markets and services, and that are faced with common opportunities and threats.” Rosenfeld (1997)
Cluster types (some perspectives)
Global and Asian Used Resource Extraction (1985 – 2005) [Biomass + Minerals + Fossil Fuels + Metal ores] Source : Dittrich 2010 Global extraction (billion tons) Global extraction (1985=100) Asian Extraction* (billion tons) Asian Extraction* (1985=100) Share of 19 countries in Global extraction 1985 40.9 100 9.0 100 22.1% 1995 46.7 114 13.0 144 27.8% 2005 57.5 140 17.8 197 31.0% * 19 countries
Shares of countries in Asian material consumption in % [1985-2005] (Balance % by other 16 countries) (SERI and Wuppertal Institute) China Japan India 1985 33 19 20 1995 39 15 19 2005 44 11 17
Indian Industry Manufacturing Subsectors 1. Food products 2. Beverage & Tobacco 3. Textiles 4. Cotton Textiles 5. Jute 6. Other Textile Products 7. Wood & Wooden products 8. Paper & Paper products 9. Leather & Leather products 10. Rubber 11. Plastics 12. Petroleum & Coal products 13. Chemicals 14. Non metallic minerals 15. Basic metals 16. Metal products 17. Non electrical machinery 18. Electrical machinery 19. Transport equipment 20. Other manufacturing …………….and many more Industrial Status
Environmental Status Heavily Polluting Industrial Sectors (as identified by Govt. of India) 1. Cement 2. Thermal Power plants 3. Iron & Steel 4. Fertilizers 5. Zinc Smelters 6. Copper Smelters 7. Aluminium Smelters 8. Oil Refineries 9. Distilleries 10.Pulp & Paper 11.Pharmaceuticals 12.Dyes & dye intermediates 13.Pesticides 14.Petrochemicals 15.Tanneries 16.Sugar and 17. Bulk Drugs …………….and many more
Re-categorisation of Industries in India in year 2016
Re-categorisation of Industries in India in year 2016…  Red Category – 60  Orange Category – 83  Green Category – 63  White Category – 36
No. Industry Sector Sl No. Industry Sector 1 Isolated storage of hazardous chemicals 39 Yarn / Textile processing 2 Automobile Manufacturing (integrated) 40 Chlor Alkali 3 Hazardous waste recycling (Spent cleared metal catalyst ) 41 Ship Breaking 4 Lubricating oils and grease mfg. 42 Oil and gas extraction 5 DG Set (> 5 MVA) 43 Metal surface treatment 6 Carbon black & allied 44 Tanneries 7 Lead acid battery 45 Ports /harbor/jetties 8 Phosphate rock processing 46 Synthetic fibers 9 Power generation plant 47 Thermal Power Plants 10 Hazardous Waste Recyclers (Spent catalyst) 48 Slaughter house 11 Chlorinated hydrocarbons 49 Aluminium Smelter 12 Sugar 50 Copper Smelter 13 Fibre glass production 51 Fertilizer (basic) 14 Fire crackers 52 Integrated Iron & Steel 15 E-Waste Recyclers 53 Pulp & Paper ( bleaching) 15 Milk and dairy products 54 Zinc Smelter 17 Phosphorous 55 Oil Refinery 18 Pulp & Paper 56 Petrochemicals 19 Coke making 57 Pharmaceuticals 20 Explosives / detonators 58 Pulp & Paper ( Large-Agro + wood), 21 Paints varnishes, pigments 59 Distillery 22 Organic Chemicals 60 Railway locomotive work shop/ service centers 23 Airports and Commercial Air Strips 24 Asbestos 25 Basic chemicals 26 Cement 27 Chlorates, per-chlorates & peroxides 28 Chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine 29 Dyes and Dye- Intermediates 30 Health-care Establishment 31 Hotels (Big) 32 Lead acid battery -recyclers 33 Waste electrical and electronic recyclers 34 Glue and gelatin 35 Mining and ore beneficiation 36 Nuclear power plant 37 Pesticides 38 Photographic film /chemicals Red Category Industries in India
State-wise list of 43 Critically Polluted Clusters/Areas STATE NO. OF CLUSTERS INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS/ AREAS AIR WATER LAND CEPI STATUS Andhra Pradesh 2 Vishakha patnam 38.00 43.00 43.00 52.31 An-Wn- Ln Patancheru- Bollaram 62.50 67.25 43.00 76.05 Ac-Wc-Ln Chhatisgarh 1 Korba 59.50 47.00 50.50 69.11 As-Wn-Ls Delhi 1 Nazafgarh drain basin (including Anand Parvat, Naraina, Okhla and Wazirpur) 56.88 57.50 60.50 73.42 As-Ws-Lc Gujarat 6 Ankaleshwar 67.50 68.75 57.75 80.93 Ac-Wc-Ls Vapi 51.75 79.50 54.75 85.31 As-Wc-Ls Ahmedabad 49.75 60.50 46.00 69.54 An-Wc- Ln Vatva 43.00 80.00 40.00 83.44 An-Wc- Ln Bhavnagar 30.75 57.50 40.50 62.79 An-Ws-Ln Junagarh 42.75 40.00 43.00 52.75 An-Wn- Ln
State-wise list of 43 Critically Polluted Clusters/Areas STATE NO. OF CLUSTERS INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS/ AREAS AIR WATER LAND CEPI STATUS Haryana 2 Faridabad 46.00 67.50 40.50 73.55 An-Wc-Ln Panipat 48.25 76.00 45.50 81.27 An-Wc-Ln Jharkhand 1 Dhanbad 50.50 47.00 63.00 71.78 As-Wn-Lc Karnataka 2 Mangalore 54.75 58.25 41.00 67.62 As-Ws-Ln Bhadravati 37.38 35.50 35.50 45.27 An‐Wn‐Ln Kerala 1 Cochin, Greater 48.00 45.50 42.00 57.94 An-Wn-Ln Madhya Pradesh 1 Indore 65.00 70.50 43.00 78.75 Ac-Wc-Ln Maharashtra 5 Chandrapur 51.75 50.50 75.50 81.90 As-Ws-Lc Dombivalli 51.00 64.50 43.00 72.29 As-Wc-Ln Aurangabad 56.75 55.50 50.50 68.87 As-Ws-Ls Navi Mumbai 47.00 66.00 43.00 72.87 An-Wc-Ln Tarapur 58.00 63.00 48.00 73.30 As-Wc-Ln
State-wise list of 43 Critically Polluted Clusters/Areas STATE NO. OF CLUSTERS INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS/ AREAS AIR WATER LAND CEPI STATUS Orissa 3 Angul Talchar 61.75 60.50 48.00 72.86 Ac-Wc-Ln Ib valley 48.00 48.00 47.00 59.73 An-Wn- Ln Jharsuguda 65.00 50.50 47.00 73.31 Ac-Ws-Ln Punjab 2 Ludhiana 49.50 68.00 48.75 75.72 An-Wc-Ln Mandi Gobind Garh 55.00 67.00 60.50 77.98 As-Wc-Lc Rajasthan 3 Bhiwadi 62.75 46.00 46.00 70.63 Ac-Wn-Ln Jodhpur 57.50 50.50 69.00 78.00 As-Ws-Lc Pali 54.00 72.50 68.75 82.71 As-Wc-Lc West Bengal 3 Haldia 48.75 50.00 47.50 61.58 An-Ws-Ln Howrah 43.00 51.00 48.00 61.11 An-Ws-Ln Asansole 47.38 40.50 40.50 56.01 An-Wn- Ln
State-wise list of 43 Critically Polluted Clusters/Areas STATE NO. OF CLUSTERS INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS/ AREAS AIR WATER LAND CEPI STATUS Tamil Nadu 4 Vellore 59.75 71.50 48.00 79.67 As-Wc-Ln Cuddalore 45.50 53.50 60.50 70.12 An-Ws-Lc Manali 55.50 69.00 48.00 77.26 As-Wc-Ln Coimbatore 32.38 48.00 30.50 53.14 An-Wn- Ln Uttar Pradesh 6 Ghaziabad 69.50 76.00 48.75 84.13 Ac-Wc-Ln Singrauli 68.00 70.50 63.50 83.24 Ac-Wc-Lc Noida 50.00 72.50 45.00 78.69 As-Wc-Ln Kanpur 55.00 64.50 40.00 72.31 As-Wc-Ln Agra 57.00 55.00 49.50 68.71 As‐Ws‐Ln Varanasi-Mirzapur 44.00 47.00 42.50 56.91 An-Wn- Ln
Industrial Development in India  Industrial policy oriented towards promotion of SMEs since 1950’s.  Presently 11 to 12 million SMEs exist Contribution of SMEs  Production worth Rs. 5,275 billion  Export earnings: approx 35%  Employment to more than 15 million people. Advantages of SMEs  Low capital requirement  Promotion of indigenous technology  High labor employment potential  Lower production costs
Source : Sveinung Fjose et al., 2010 Role of SMEs vis-à-vis Development stage and Indian Scenario Pollution Problem from SMEs in India (WB, 2006)
Industrial Pollution Causes 1. Prevalence of outdated, inefficient technologies 2. Large, unplanned, industrial conglomerations 3. Severely polluting the environs 4. Existence of a large number of small scale industries (escaping land use and environmental regulations) 5. Poor enforcement of pollution control regulations 6. Lack of resources Environmental Status
System Oriented Period Product Oriented 1960s LCA project of Coca Cola (USA) in 1969 1970s Eco-balance (R. Mueller-Wenk) Industrial Ecology (R.A. Frosch, USA) The Natural Step (R. Karl Henrik), EU 1980s Resource Productivity (Europe), 1989 Green Chemistry (USA) 1991 Eco-Materials (R. Yamamoto), Japan 1992 Eco-Efficiency (WBCSD) Pollution – Prevention Project (US-EPA) 1993 Factor 4 and 10 (von Weizacker and Schmidt) Green Productivity (APO), Japan Zero Emission (Gunter Pauli), Japan 1994 Cleaner Production (UNEP) Inverse Manufacturing (Japan) Milestones in Eco-Innovation/Design Source : Eco-Products Directory 2006, APO
System Oriented Period Product Oriented ISO 14000 Series (ISO) Green Purchasing Network (Japan) 1996 Product Service System (Europe) Functional Economy (S. Walter), Europe 1997 Eco-Design Manual (Dutch PROMISE) Integrated Product Policy (EU) Triple Bottom Line (EU) 1998 Servicizing (Allen White et. al) Europe Sustainable Service System (Europe) 1999 Sustainable Management system (EU) 2000 Sustainable Building (CASBEE) 2001 GHS Classification for Chemicals Chemical Product Policy (OECD) 2002 Energy Using Products Directive (EU) 2003 Source : Eco-Products Directory 2006, APO Milestones in Eco-Innovation/Design
Challenges / Dilemmas for Institutions in promoting eco-innovation  Which theme to focus (product / process)  When to focus and on whom (large scale / small scale sectors)  How to overcome inclusion / exclusion errors  Which industry sector  Which technology (and which aspects to adddress – energy/water/chemicals etc)  What approach to undertake (interventions, extension services, facilitation, regulation, MBIs and incentives, partnerships etc.)  What toolkits to develop  What kind of programmes / projects to design  How to achieve scale up and mainstreaming and multiplier effects  What innovations to make in governance architecture (and how should inter- institutional working be improved)  Whether volunteerism will work (what design for demographic dividends)  How to rework natural resources management etc.
Key Mechanisms – Institutional Engagement  Technology upgradation and waste minimisation/cleaner production support and Clean Technology Demonstration projects  Promoting collaborations  Setting criteria towards eco-labels and databases  Highlighting features / benchmarks across labels/databases  Facilitating establishment of eco-metrics  Visibility for citizens / experts via seminars and conferences  Green procurement and green retailing promotion  Eco-Innovation literature and analytics (including consumer studies)  Enabling eco-products trade  Guiding eco-finance development  Addressing harmonisation of eco-labels / databases  Facilitating eco-industrial parks  Proposing principles towards green growth / green economy  Other linked facilitations, including checking green washing etc
ATMOSPHERE  Levels of Sulphur-dioxide in several Indian cities have already exceeded permissible limits set by the WHO  About 60% of Calcutta's residents suffer from respiratory diseases because of air pollution.  The biggest environmental problem to world is viewed in the form of unpredictable climatic changes caused by alarming increase in the atmospheric carbon-dioxide (CO2) levels. Gravity of Environmental Pollution
WATER  Seventy percent of all the available water in India is polluted. About 73 million workdays are lost due to water related diseases. .  Before Yamuna River enters Delhi 100 ml of its water contain about 7500 coliform organism. After it received Delhi's wastewater the coliform count to 24,000,000 (=24 million) per 100 ml.  In a 158-km stretch of the Hooghly, the average annual yield of fish in the unpolluted and polluted zones is 719.25 and 124.94 tonnes respectively. Gravity of Environmental Pollution
FOREST  Cherapunjee- the wettest spot on the earth and once covered with lush subtropical forests is today a barren area.  Though the forest department controls 23% of India's total area, only about 10- 12% has adequate tree cover.  Over one million hectares of forests are cut every year, according to unofficial estimates. Some 0.15 million hectares of forests are lost due to developmental projects. Gravity of Environmental Pollution
LAND  Every six months, more top soil gets washed away that gets used to build brick houses across the country.  In the highly grazed Shivalik hills a few centimetres of topsoil, representing nearly 2400 years of local ecological history often disappears with one monsoon.  Between a quarter to half of the land brought under irrigation can go out of cultivation permanently because of soil salinity and water logging. Gravity of Environmental Pollution
 Less no. of Enforcing Manpower in Regulatory Agencies  Problems in Enforcement of Legislation 'in SME's due to large- no of SME's Environmental problems of SME'S:  High specific waste generation  Clustering of Units  High wastage of resources Due to:  Lack of Resources  Use of Obsolete Technology  Labor Oriented Technology  Lack of Access to New/ Emerging Technology  Lack of Common Infrastructure  Resistance to Change/ Attitudinal Aspects  Lack of Technical Know-how Grey Areas in Environmental Protection in India
 Increased Public Awareness  Increased Public Activism through Public Liability Act Provisions  Increased Judicial Activism / Intervention  Inclusion of Cleaner Production (CP) / Waste Minimisation as Environmental Protection Measures in the Environmental Policy Statement Change in Environmental Front
Pollution Prevention in SMEs: Issues and Strategies ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF SMEs (Reiterating the known)  SMEs constitute an important segment in the industry related economies, particularly in developing countries and economies in transition.  SMEs account for more than 90% of industrial units in developing countries.  SME's contribute a major share in industrial GDP and exports.  SMEs also account for a major share in industrial pollution.
STRENGTHS  Cluster presence could facilitate adoption of common treatment facilities  Smaller pollution volumes/loads could facilitate adoption of package treatment systems  Waste Minimisation potential being very high could lead to substantial financial and environmental benefits  Single level decision making could help in speedy implementation  The preference accorded by the Government could be favorably used to secure facilities like soft loans, incentives etc.  Higher possibility of waste exchange, waste utilisation: waste from one industry could serve as a resource to another industry SWOT Analysis of SMEs in Pollution Abatement
 Difficulties faced by SMES in complying with Environmental Regulations  High investment and operating cost of End-of-Pipe (EOP) Pollution control systems often beyond the reach of small industries  Lack of knowledge and information on selecting the most cost- effective system -almost total reliance on advice of EOP equipment suppliers  Lack of technical capability for proper running and maintenance of EOP equipments  In many cases, lack of space to accommodate EOP system  Lack of interest of consultants and equipment suppliers in SME's due to smaller business quantum per industry  Lack of measurement and monitoring facilities to practically assess the pollution load and performance of EOP systems WEAKNESSES
 Pollution Minimisation could serve as a vehicle for increasing competitiveness  Better environmental performance could help in securing bigger/additional markets  Incorporation of Environmental Management Systems could lead to establishment of a culture of continuous improvement  Adoption of Cleaner Production could bring about a change in attitude of the industry personnel  The upcoming industries could use environmental cost. as a balancing tool for selecting newer low-waste technologies  Improving environmental performance would also lead to improved shop-floor conditions and, thus, higher labour productivity OPPORTUNITIES
 Increasing intervention of Judiciary and State Agencies Which could even lead to closure of industries  Increasing public pressure: The fear of becoming a public enemy  Increasing enforcement of Regulations which could make installation of expensive EOP system mandatory  Possible loss of market both due to loss of consumer faith and trade conditions in case of non-compliance of Environmental Regulations  Possible blanket curb by State Agencies on higher polluting industry sectors/products THREATS
Role of Policy makers:  Formulation of emission/effluent standards in a way so that it promotes Waste Minimisation E.g: the existing concentration based, standards to be revised to load based standards  Incorporation of pollution prevention in the Regulatory system with specific emphasis on adoption of Cleaner Technologies  Institution of pollution prevention awards and public recognition systems to bring the champions in limelight  Formulation of appropriate fiscal policies which promote Pollution Minimisation. This could include incentives for waste recycling, soft loans, pollution tax linked with pollution load etc. Role of different Stakeholders in Environmental Development of SMEs
 To provide advisory/information services on Pollution Minimisation to industries  To develop trainers and, thus, train industry personnel  To develop centralised waste monitoring and characterisation facilities (portable monitoring instruments and analytical laboratory facilities) which could be used by a number of SMEs  To interact with Policy Formulators in Developing appropriate Policies Role of Industry and Associations
 To adopt softer attitude towards industries which show keenness in Waste Minimisation  To provide guidance and support to industries in implementing Pollution Minimisation  To build a platform for interaction between industry Pollution Minimisation equipment/technology suppliers  To reward the doers and penalise the evaders.  To develop trainers and advisors  To develop centralised waste monitoring and characterisation facilities (portable monitoring instruments and analytical laboratory facilities) which could be used by a number of SMEs  To interact with Policy Formulators developing appropriate Policies Role of Regulatory Agencies
 To build Pollution Minimisation as part and parcel of Management practices  To commit themselves and set time-bound targets/goals for Pollution Minimisation  To interact and learn from each other on different practices adopted for improving environmental performance  To establish Environmental Management Systems to ensure continuous improvement  To train all their employees and make them conscious about environmental performance Role of Industrial Nodal Agencies
Any Questions …….???
Industry and environment scenario

More Related Content

PDF
Mine of the future
byGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
 
PDF
Natural resources conservation
bygunwant_joshi
 
PPT
The Industrial Corridor’s environmental issues: the case of Gujarat
bydacoit
 
PPTX
SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT FOR INFRASTRUCTURE.pptx
byEZHIL THALAPATHI R T
 
PPTX
Resource and development
byUshaJoy
 
PPT
Sd Conference Aiaer Jan. 2008
byLukas Ritzel
 
PPTX
Manufacturing industry.pptx
byNoorAsma19
 
PPTX
Resources and development, class 10 th geography by Vidit.
byViditBudholiya
 
Mine of the future
byGeology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University
 
Natural resources conservation
bygunwant_joshi
 
The Industrial Corridor’s environmental issues: the case of Gujarat
bydacoit
 
SUSTAINABILITY DEVELOPMENT FOR INFRASTRUCTURE.pptx
byEZHIL THALAPATHI R T
 
Resource and development
byUshaJoy
 
Sd Conference Aiaer Jan. 2008
byLukas Ritzel
 
Manufacturing industry.pptx
byNoorAsma19
 
Resources and development, class 10 th geography by Vidit.
byViditBudholiya
 

Similar to Industry and environment scenario

PPTX
CH 4 INDUSTRIES (1).pptxppppiujujjjjjbbgg
byavanipise4
 
PPTX
Macro overview by Global Fund Exchange
byAnric Blatt
 
PPTX
SECONDARY SECTOR: INDUSTRY, ENERGY, MINING.
byAlfonso Poza
 
PPTX
Unit 4 d) Environment and Development
byMahendra Kumar Ghadoliya
 
PPTX
Main sectors of the indian = > economy industries
bykarthikgangula
 
PPTX
Manufactuing Industries class 10
byAswin Babu
 
PPTX
es2.pptx
byssuser0d82cd
 
PPTX
STEPS Annual Lecture 2017: Achim Steiner - Doomed to fail or bound to succeed...
bySTEPS Centre
 
PPTX
INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
byVaibhavPawar130
 
PDF
Supply & Demand in the Policy Context
byChiang Mai University School of Public Policy
 
PDF
Need of sustainable development and related issues pertaining to process indu...
byeSAT Publishing House
 
PPT
Ymt china-ppt
byNishu Garg
 
PPTX
PRESENTATION 1 - GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES.pptx
byKnipeNyenyayi
 
PPT
Environment management chapter1
bySwati Kamthe
 
PDF
Green economics
byCharu Rastogi
 
PDF
Vital assets-overview
byAnric Blatt
 
PPTX
Geography Chapter 1 - Resources and Development
byVijayasarathiUpadhya
 
PPTX
Sustainable Industrial Development: The Role of Networks
bymicconference
 
PPTX
UNIT 5 Sustainable Development.pptx environmental studies
bySahasra Samuel
 
PPTX
UNIT 5 Sustainable Development.pptx environment
bySahasra Samuel
 
CH 4 INDUSTRIES (1).pptxppppiujujjjjjbbgg
byavanipise4
 
Macro overview by Global Fund Exchange
byAnric Blatt
 
SECONDARY SECTOR: INDUSTRY, ENERGY, MINING.
byAlfonso Poza
 
Unit 4 d) Environment and Development
byMahendra Kumar Ghadoliya
 
Main sectors of the indian = > economy industries
bykarthikgangula
 
Manufactuing Industries class 10
byAswin Babu
 
es2.pptx
byssuser0d82cd
 
STEPS Annual Lecture 2017: Achim Steiner - Doomed to fail or bound to succeed...
bySTEPS Centre
 
INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES.pptx
byVaibhavPawar130
 
Supply & Demand in the Policy Context
byChiang Mai University School of Public Policy
 
Need of sustainable development and related issues pertaining to process indu...
byeSAT Publishing House
 
Ymt china-ppt
byNishu Garg
 
PRESENTATION 1 - GLOBAL SUSTAINABILITY CHALLENGES.pptx
byKnipeNyenyayi
 
Environment management chapter1
bySwati Kamthe
 
Green economics
byCharu Rastogi
 
Vital assets-overview
byAnric Blatt
 
Geography Chapter 1 - Resources and Development
byVijayasarathiUpadhya
 
Sustainable Industrial Development: The Role of Networks
bymicconference
 
UNIT 5 Sustainable Development.pptx environmental studies
bySahasra Samuel
 
UNIT 5 Sustainable Development.pptx environment
bySahasra Samuel
 

More from Vishal Duggal

PPTX
Sewage Treatment Plants.pptx
byVishal Duggal
 
PPTX
Cleaner production
byVishal Duggal
 
PPTX
Circular economy in construction
byVishal Duggal
 
PPTX
Indoor air purification
byVishal Duggal
 
PPTX
Chemical disinfection - use of hypochlorous acid
byVishal Duggal
 
PDF
Waste minimisation environmental imperatives
byVishal Duggal
 
PPTX
Green buildings
byVishal Duggal
 
PPTX
Waste generation in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry
byVishal Duggal
 
Sewage Treatment Plants.pptx
byVishal Duggal
 
Cleaner production
byVishal Duggal
 
Circular economy in construction
byVishal Duggal
 
Indoor air purification
byVishal Duggal
 
Chemical disinfection - use of hypochlorous acid
byVishal Duggal
 
Waste minimisation environmental imperatives
byVishal Duggal
 
Green buildings
byVishal Duggal
 
Waste generation in pharmaceutical manufacturing industry
byVishal Duggal
 

Recently uploaded

PDF
Understanding User Concerns and Platform
bydrshan376
 
PDF
BIOLOGY PROJECT (study the competition between weeds and grass) (1).pdf
bynachiappan8015496488
 
PDF
AP10-Q4-Week-1-Konsepto-at-Katuturan-ng-Pagkamamamayan.pdf
byivanatuli22
 
PDF
Step-by-Step Guides To Buy Verified Binance Accounts.pdf
byFinancial Accounts Providers TOPSELLERIT
 
PPTX
Meteorological drought analyze in upper Helmand sub river.pptx
byomarisamiullah1401
 
PPTX
The Rachel Carson Quiz : Environment Ministry
bysohampati997
 
PPTX
Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting System.pptx
byretas water solutions
 
DOCX
Holm Commnunity Heritage 2024 AGM Minutes (5.4.2024).docx
byAntoine Pietri
 
PDF
Response of different soybean varieties to phosphorus fertilizer microdosing ...
byOpen Access Research Paper
 
PDF
animal science presentation agricultural
byasumbradoclarenz
 
Understanding User Concerns and Platform
bydrshan376
 
BIOLOGY PROJECT (study the competition between weeds and grass) (1).pdf
bynachiappan8015496488
 
AP10-Q4-Week-1-Konsepto-at-Katuturan-ng-Pagkamamamayan.pdf
byivanatuli22
 
Step-by-Step Guides To Buy Verified Binance Accounts.pdf
byFinancial Accounts Providers TOPSELLERIT
 
Meteorological drought analyze in upper Helmand sub river.pptx
byomarisamiullah1401
 
The Rachel Carson Quiz : Environment Ministry
bysohampati997
 
Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting System.pptx
byretas water solutions
 
Holm Commnunity Heritage 2024 AGM Minutes (5.4.2024).docx
byAntoine Pietri
 
Response of different soybean varieties to phosphorus fertilizer microdosing ...
byOpen Access Research Paper
 
animal science presentation agricultural
byasumbradoclarenz
 

Industry and environment scenario

  • 1.
    Industrial & EnvironmentalScenario and Industrial Environment Management for Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Sangrur (Punjab) by Vishal Duggal Alliance Engineers PATIALA (Punjab) Ph.: 98766 05933, 98 140 059 33 Email: visduggal@gmail.com
  • 2.
    Structural changes inmodern world economy (Nikolai Kondratiev) Super cycles, great surges, long waves, K waves or long economic cycles
  • 5.
    Sustainable Development WCED 1987:OUR COMMON FUTURE (BRUNDTLAND COMMISSION) Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
  • 6.
    Towards Measuring SD:Consideration of Progress Indicators • GDP ( Gross Domestic Product) • Measure of Economic Welfare (MEW) • The Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare (ISEW) and Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI) • Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender – related Development Index (GDI) • Ecological Footprint (EF) • Happy Planet Index (HPI) • Regional Quality of Development Index (QUARS – Italy) • Quality of Life Index (PQLI) …. etc. • Green GDP or Green National Accounting (towards indicators supplementing GDP – greening the national accounts)  System of Economic Environmental Accounts (SEEA)  National Accounting Matrix including Environmental Accounts (NAMEA)  German Environmental Economic Accounting (GEEA)  System of Economic and Social Accounting Matrices and Extensions (SESAME) • Supplementing GDP  Millennium Development Goals etc.  Sustainable Development indicators (SDG Goals for 2030; with 200+ Indicators)
  • 8.
     The issueof ecocentric view / anthropocentric view  Resources : are productive functions and operations performed by tangible substances when used to satisfy a given end or defined want. Resources explicitly require objectives and planning agents (managers).  Key factors of resources : Utility and scarcity and classes (stock and flow)  Conservation generally requires decreases in present rates of use for stock and carefully controlled rates of use for flow resources  Is there something called scarcity value ? Human Dimension to NRM Human-Induced Changes Natural Changes No Human Impact Acceptable Impact Unacceptable Impact Principles : • Precautionary • Polluter Pays
  • 9.
    Forests are becoming croplandsto feed our growing millions. Fewer trees, more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
  • 10.
    Forest Cover inIndia (2011) [ IRDR 2012/13 – IDFC]
  • 11.
    Current widespread agricultural practices- Key Issues  Pesticides ; GMO’s ; Preservatives & Chemical additives ; Adulteration ; Quality of food; Antioxidants; Nutrition  Issues : poor soils and low fertility (carbon content 0.2% to 0.5%); inadequate groundwater as well as low water holding capacity; Income instability for farm families and general health of society (rural / urban)
  • 12.
    Consumer end –The scenario  Daily intake of pesticides ranging from 1.5 times to 72 times to so called safe limits for adults  Children 4 times more susceptible and that three fourths of products consumed by children are contaminated  Pesticide residues accumulate in the body and lead to cancer, neurological disorders, suppress body immune system, suppress cognitive development etc. The problem of malnutrition !! Issues of tradeoffs with food security and the means to the end.
  • 13.
    Nutritional Quality A studyby US Dept. of Agriculture on 43 crops between 1950 & 1999, found that the nutrient decline ranged from 6% to 38% in case of Proteins, calcium, phosphorous, iron, riboflavin, and ascorbic acid. Towards a solution (Organic farming which is sustainable – ecological, economic, social ) Note : It takes atleast three years of continuous organic farming to reasonably decontaminate soils from existing status
  • 14.
  • 15.
    Climate Change andImpacts Slow and Gradual: increase in earth’s surface temperature melting of polar ice melting of glaciers long-term lean-season effects on perennial rivers rise in sea level erosion and submergence of soil in coastal regions salt water intrusion into fresh water sources in coastal regions irregular and erratic weather patterns shifting of seasons increasing / decreasing seasonal rainfall extreme weather events floods and droughts changes in frequency and intensity of cyclones
  • 16.
    Climate Change andImpacts… effects on forests shift in forest coverage and types and effects on associated biodiversity effects on agriculture and food production [due to changes in temperature, humidity and precipitation (rainfall, snow)] changes in flora and fauna
  • 17.
    Global Greenhouse GasEmissions by Source (2004) Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions by Source (2004) Emission % Energy supply 26 Industry 19 Forestry 17 Agriculture 14 Transport 13 Residential & Commercial buildings 8 Waste and wastewater 3 United States Environment Protection Agency
  • 18.
  • 19.
    India’s CO2 emissions– Sector wise distribution [million Tons CO2 and in % terms] (2007)
  • 20.
    • Worldwide accountingof fresh water application : Agriculture (70%); Industry (20%) and Domestic (10%) • In some industrialized nations, however, industries consume more than half of the water available for human use. Belgium, for example, uses 80% of the water available for industry. • Freshwater withdrawals have tripled over the last 50 years. Demand for freshwater is increasing by 64 billion cubic meters a year (1 cubic meter = 1,000 liters) • The world’s population is growing by roughly 80 million people each year (implications from lifestyle changes) • Between 1,000 and 4,000 litres of water are needed to produce a single litre of biofuel. • Almost 80% of diseases in so called "developing" countries are associated with water Water (UNESCO and FAO)
  • 21.
    Stage of Groundwater development across states (IRDR 2012/13 – IDFC]
  • 23.
    Industrialisation and Clusters Mechanism: Agglomeration  Purpose: Geographical distribution and balanced development  Logic: Externality/spillovers and Economies of Scale/Scope  Types of clusters: differ from one another depending upon history of emergence, nature of product, markets, organisation of production etc.  No. of Industrial Clusters in the world = More than 1.2 Lakh  No. of Industrial Clusters in India (and Mahalanobis Plan) = more than 6400 “Clusters are a geographically proximate group of interconnected companies and associated institutions in a particular field linked by commonalities and complementarities. Clusters encompass a array of linked industries and other entities important to competition …including governmental and other institutions – such as universities, standard setting agencies, think tanks, vocational training providers and trade associations” Porter (1998) …geographically bounded concentration of similar, related or complementary businesses, with active channels for business transactions, communications and dialogue, that share specialized infrastructure, labour markets and services, and that are faced with common opportunities and threats.” Rosenfeld (1997)
  • 24.
    Cluster types (someperspectives)
  • 25.
    Global and AsianUsed Resource Extraction (1985 – 2005) [Biomass + Minerals + Fossil Fuels + Metal ores] Source : Dittrich 2010 Global extraction (billion tons) Global extraction (1985=100) Asian Extraction* (billion tons) Asian Extraction* (1985=100) Share of 19 countries in Global extraction 1985 40.9 100 9.0 100 22.1% 1995 46.7 114 13.0 144 27.8% 2005 57.5 140 17.8 197 31.0% * 19 countries
  • 26.
    Shares of countriesin Asian material consumption in % [1985-2005] (Balance % by other 16 countries) (SERI and Wuppertal Institute) China Japan India 1985 33 19 20 1995 39 15 19 2005 44 11 17
  • 27.
    Indian Industry Manufacturing Subsectors 1.Food products 2. Beverage & Tobacco 3. Textiles 4. Cotton Textiles 5. Jute 6. Other Textile Products 7. Wood & Wooden products 8. Paper & Paper products 9. Leather & Leather products 10. Rubber 11. Plastics 12. Petroleum & Coal products 13. Chemicals 14. Non metallic minerals 15. Basic metals 16. Metal products 17. Non electrical machinery 18. Electrical machinery 19. Transport equipment 20. Other manufacturing …………….and many more Industrial Status
  • 28.
    Environmental Status Heavily PollutingIndustrial Sectors (as identified by Govt. of India) 1. Cement 2. Thermal Power plants 3. Iron & Steel 4. Fertilizers 5. Zinc Smelters 6. Copper Smelters 7. Aluminium Smelters 8. Oil Refineries 9. Distilleries 10.Pulp & Paper 11.Pharmaceuticals 12.Dyes & dye intermediates 13.Pesticides 14.Petrochemicals 15.Tanneries 16.Sugar and 17. Bulk Drugs …………….and many more
  • 29.
    Re-categorisation of Industriesin India in year 2016
  • 30.
    Re-categorisation of Industriesin India in year 2016…  Red Category – 60  Orange Category – 83  Green Category – 63  White Category – 36
  • 31.
    No. Industry SectorSl No. Industry Sector 1 Isolated storage of hazardous chemicals 39 Yarn / Textile processing 2 Automobile Manufacturing (integrated) 40 Chlor Alkali 3 Hazardous waste recycling (Spent cleared metal catalyst ) 41 Ship Breaking 4 Lubricating oils and grease mfg. 42 Oil and gas extraction 5 DG Set (> 5 MVA) 43 Metal surface treatment 6 Carbon black & allied 44 Tanneries 7 Lead acid battery 45 Ports /harbor/jetties 8 Phosphate rock processing 46 Synthetic fibers 9 Power generation plant 47 Thermal Power Plants 10 Hazardous Waste Recyclers (Spent catalyst) 48 Slaughter house 11 Chlorinated hydrocarbons 49 Aluminium Smelter 12 Sugar 50 Copper Smelter 13 Fibre glass production 51 Fertilizer (basic) 14 Fire crackers 52 Integrated Iron & Steel 15 E-Waste Recyclers 53 Pulp & Paper ( bleaching) 15 Milk and dairy products 54 Zinc Smelter 17 Phosphorous 55 Oil Refinery 18 Pulp & Paper 56 Petrochemicals 19 Coke making 57 Pharmaceuticals 20 Explosives / detonators 58 Pulp & Paper ( Large-Agro + wood), 21 Paints varnishes, pigments 59 Distillery 22 Organic Chemicals 60 Railway locomotive work shop/ service centers 23 Airports and Commercial Air Strips 24 Asbestos 25 Basic chemicals 26 Cement 27 Chlorates, per-chlorates & peroxides 28 Chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine 29 Dyes and Dye- Intermediates 30 Health-care Establishment 31 Hotels (Big) 32 Lead acid battery -recyclers 33 Waste electrical and electronic recyclers 34 Glue and gelatin 35 Mining and ore beneficiation 36 Nuclear power plant 37 Pesticides 38 Photographic film /chemicals Red Category Industries in India
  • 32.
    State-wise list of43 Critically Polluted Clusters/Areas STATE NO. OF CLUSTERS INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS/ AREAS AIR WATER LAND CEPI STATUS Andhra Pradesh 2 Vishakha patnam 38.00 43.00 43.00 52.31 An-Wn- Ln Patancheru- Bollaram 62.50 67.25 43.00 76.05 Ac-Wc-Ln Chhatisgarh 1 Korba 59.50 47.00 50.50 69.11 As-Wn-Ls Delhi 1 Nazafgarh drain basin (including Anand Parvat, Naraina, Okhla and Wazirpur) 56.88 57.50 60.50 73.42 As-Ws-Lc Gujarat 6 Ankaleshwar 67.50 68.75 57.75 80.93 Ac-Wc-Ls Vapi 51.75 79.50 54.75 85.31 As-Wc-Ls Ahmedabad 49.75 60.50 46.00 69.54 An-Wc- Ln Vatva 43.00 80.00 40.00 83.44 An-Wc- Ln Bhavnagar 30.75 57.50 40.50 62.79 An-Ws-Ln Junagarh 42.75 40.00 43.00 52.75 An-Wn- Ln
  • 33.
    State-wise list of43 Critically Polluted Clusters/Areas STATE NO. OF CLUSTERS INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS/ AREAS AIR WATER LAND CEPI STATUS Haryana 2 Faridabad 46.00 67.50 40.50 73.55 An-Wc-Ln Panipat 48.25 76.00 45.50 81.27 An-Wc-Ln Jharkhand 1 Dhanbad 50.50 47.00 63.00 71.78 As-Wn-Lc Karnataka 2 Mangalore 54.75 58.25 41.00 67.62 As-Ws-Ln Bhadravati 37.38 35.50 35.50 45.27 An‐Wn‐Ln Kerala 1 Cochin, Greater 48.00 45.50 42.00 57.94 An-Wn-Ln Madhya Pradesh 1 Indore 65.00 70.50 43.00 78.75 Ac-Wc-Ln Maharashtra 5 Chandrapur 51.75 50.50 75.50 81.90 As-Ws-Lc Dombivalli 51.00 64.50 43.00 72.29 As-Wc-Ln Aurangabad 56.75 55.50 50.50 68.87 As-Ws-Ls Navi Mumbai 47.00 66.00 43.00 72.87 An-Wc-Ln Tarapur 58.00 63.00 48.00 73.30 As-Wc-Ln
  • 34.
    State-wise list of43 Critically Polluted Clusters/Areas STATE NO. OF CLUSTERS INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS/ AREAS AIR WATER LAND CEPI STATUS Orissa 3 Angul Talchar 61.75 60.50 48.00 72.86 Ac-Wc-Ln Ib valley 48.00 48.00 47.00 59.73 An-Wn- Ln Jharsuguda 65.00 50.50 47.00 73.31 Ac-Ws-Ln Punjab 2 Ludhiana 49.50 68.00 48.75 75.72 An-Wc-Ln Mandi Gobind Garh 55.00 67.00 60.50 77.98 As-Wc-Lc Rajasthan 3 Bhiwadi 62.75 46.00 46.00 70.63 Ac-Wn-Ln Jodhpur 57.50 50.50 69.00 78.00 As-Ws-Lc Pali 54.00 72.50 68.75 82.71 As-Wc-Lc West Bengal 3 Haldia 48.75 50.00 47.50 61.58 An-Ws-Ln Howrah 43.00 51.00 48.00 61.11 An-Ws-Ln Asansole 47.38 40.50 40.50 56.01 An-Wn- Ln
  • 35.
    State-wise list of43 Critically Polluted Clusters/Areas STATE NO. OF CLUSTERS INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS/ AREAS AIR WATER LAND CEPI STATUS Tamil Nadu 4 Vellore 59.75 71.50 48.00 79.67 As-Wc-Ln Cuddalore 45.50 53.50 60.50 70.12 An-Ws-Lc Manali 55.50 69.00 48.00 77.26 As-Wc-Ln Coimbatore 32.38 48.00 30.50 53.14 An-Wn- Ln Uttar Pradesh 6 Ghaziabad 69.50 76.00 48.75 84.13 Ac-Wc-Ln Singrauli 68.00 70.50 63.50 83.24 Ac-Wc-Lc Noida 50.00 72.50 45.00 78.69 As-Wc-Ln Kanpur 55.00 64.50 40.00 72.31 As-Wc-Ln Agra 57.00 55.00 49.50 68.71 As‐Ws‐Ln Varanasi-Mirzapur 44.00 47.00 42.50 56.91 An-Wn- Ln
  • 36.
    Industrial Development inIndia  Industrial policy oriented towards promotion of SMEs since 1950’s.  Presently 11 to 12 million SMEs exist Contribution of SMEs  Production worth Rs. 5,275 billion  Export earnings: approx 35%  Employment to more than 15 million people. Advantages of SMEs  Low capital requirement  Promotion of indigenous technology  High labor employment potential  Lower production costs
  • 37.
    Source : SveinungFjose et al., 2010 Role of SMEs vis-à-vis Development stage and Indian Scenario Pollution Problem from SMEs in India (WB, 2006)
  • 38.
    Industrial Pollution Causes 1. Prevalenceof outdated, inefficient technologies 2. Large, unplanned, industrial conglomerations 3. Severely polluting the environs 4. Existence of a large number of small scale industries (escaping land use and environmental regulations) 5. Poor enforcement of pollution control regulations 6. Lack of resources Environmental Status
  • 39.
    System Oriented PeriodProduct Oriented 1960s LCA project of Coca Cola (USA) in 1969 1970s Eco-balance (R. Mueller-Wenk) Industrial Ecology (R.A. Frosch, USA) The Natural Step (R. Karl Henrik), EU 1980s Resource Productivity (Europe), 1989 Green Chemistry (USA) 1991 Eco-Materials (R. Yamamoto), Japan 1992 Eco-Efficiency (WBCSD) Pollution – Prevention Project (US-EPA) 1993 Factor 4 and 10 (von Weizacker and Schmidt) Green Productivity (APO), Japan Zero Emission (Gunter Pauli), Japan 1994 Cleaner Production (UNEP) Inverse Manufacturing (Japan) Milestones in Eco-Innovation/Design Source : Eco-Products Directory 2006, APO
  • 40.
    System Oriented PeriodProduct Oriented ISO 14000 Series (ISO) Green Purchasing Network (Japan) 1996 Product Service System (Europe) Functional Economy (S. Walter), Europe 1997 Eco-Design Manual (Dutch PROMISE) Integrated Product Policy (EU) Triple Bottom Line (EU) 1998 Servicizing (Allen White et. al) Europe Sustainable Service System (Europe) 1999 Sustainable Management system (EU) 2000 Sustainable Building (CASBEE) 2001 GHS Classification for Chemicals Chemical Product Policy (OECD) 2002 Energy Using Products Directive (EU) 2003 Source : Eco-Products Directory 2006, APO Milestones in Eco-Innovation/Design
  • 41.
    Challenges / Dilemmasfor Institutions in promoting eco-innovation  Which theme to focus (product / process)  When to focus and on whom (large scale / small scale sectors)  How to overcome inclusion / exclusion errors  Which industry sector  Which technology (and which aspects to adddress – energy/water/chemicals etc)  What approach to undertake (interventions, extension services, facilitation, regulation, MBIs and incentives, partnerships etc.)  What toolkits to develop  What kind of programmes / projects to design  How to achieve scale up and mainstreaming and multiplier effects  What innovations to make in governance architecture (and how should inter- institutional working be improved)  Whether volunteerism will work (what design for demographic dividends)  How to rework natural resources management etc.
  • 42.
    Key Mechanisms –Institutional Engagement  Technology upgradation and waste minimisation/cleaner production support and Clean Technology Demonstration projects  Promoting collaborations  Setting criteria towards eco-labels and databases  Highlighting features / benchmarks across labels/databases  Facilitating establishment of eco-metrics  Visibility for citizens / experts via seminars and conferences  Green procurement and green retailing promotion  Eco-Innovation literature and analytics (including consumer studies)  Enabling eco-products trade  Guiding eco-finance development  Addressing harmonisation of eco-labels / databases  Facilitating eco-industrial parks  Proposing principles towards green growth / green economy  Other linked facilitations, including checking green washing etc
  • 43.
    ATMOSPHERE  Levels ofSulphur-dioxide in several Indian cities have already exceeded permissible limits set by the WHO  About 60% of Calcutta's residents suffer from respiratory diseases because of air pollution.  The biggest environmental problem to world is viewed in the form of unpredictable climatic changes caused by alarming increase in the atmospheric carbon-dioxide (CO2) levels. Gravity of Environmental Pollution
  • 44.
    WATER  Seventy percentof all the available water in India is polluted. About 73 million workdays are lost due to water related diseases. .  Before Yamuna River enters Delhi 100 ml of its water contain about 7500 coliform organism. After it received Delhi's wastewater the coliform count to 24,000,000 (=24 million) per 100 ml.  In a 158-km stretch of the Hooghly, the average annual yield of fish in the unpolluted and polluted zones is 719.25 and 124.94 tonnes respectively. Gravity of Environmental Pollution
  • 45.
    FOREST  Cherapunjee- thewettest spot on the earth and once covered with lush subtropical forests is today a barren area.  Though the forest department controls 23% of India's total area, only about 10- 12% has adequate tree cover.  Over one million hectares of forests are cut every year, according to unofficial estimates. Some 0.15 million hectares of forests are lost due to developmental projects. Gravity of Environmental Pollution
  • 46.
    LAND  Every sixmonths, more top soil gets washed away that gets used to build brick houses across the country.  In the highly grazed Shivalik hills a few centimetres of topsoil, representing nearly 2400 years of local ecological history often disappears with one monsoon.  Between a quarter to half of the land brought under irrigation can go out of cultivation permanently because of soil salinity and water logging. Gravity of Environmental Pollution
  • 47.
     Less no.of Enforcing Manpower in Regulatory Agencies  Problems in Enforcement of Legislation 'in SME's due to large- no of SME's Environmental problems of SME'S:  High specific waste generation  Clustering of Units  High wastage of resources Due to:  Lack of Resources  Use of Obsolete Technology  Labor Oriented Technology  Lack of Access to New/ Emerging Technology  Lack of Common Infrastructure  Resistance to Change/ Attitudinal Aspects  Lack of Technical Know-how Grey Areas in Environmental Protection in India
  • 48.
     Increased PublicAwareness  Increased Public Activism through Public Liability Act Provisions  Increased Judicial Activism / Intervention  Inclusion of Cleaner Production (CP) / Waste Minimisation as Environmental Protection Measures in the Environmental Policy Statement Change in Environmental Front
  • 49.
    Pollution Prevention inSMEs: Issues and Strategies ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF SMEs (Reiterating the known)  SMEs constitute an important segment in the industry related economies, particularly in developing countries and economies in transition.  SMEs account for more than 90% of industrial units in developing countries.  SME's contribute a major share in industrial GDP and exports.  SMEs also account for a major share in industrial pollution.
  • 50.
    STRENGTHS  Cluster presencecould facilitate adoption of common treatment facilities  Smaller pollution volumes/loads could facilitate adoption of package treatment systems  Waste Minimisation potential being very high could lead to substantial financial and environmental benefits  Single level decision making could help in speedy implementation  The preference accorded by the Government could be favorably used to secure facilities like soft loans, incentives etc.  Higher possibility of waste exchange, waste utilisation: waste from one industry could serve as a resource to another industry SWOT Analysis of SMEs in Pollution Abatement
  • 51.
     Difficulties facedby SMES in complying with Environmental Regulations  High investment and operating cost of End-of-Pipe (EOP) Pollution control systems often beyond the reach of small industries  Lack of knowledge and information on selecting the most cost- effective system -almost total reliance on advice of EOP equipment suppliers  Lack of technical capability for proper running and maintenance of EOP equipments  In many cases, lack of space to accommodate EOP system  Lack of interest of consultants and equipment suppliers in SME's due to smaller business quantum per industry  Lack of measurement and monitoring facilities to practically assess the pollution load and performance of EOP systems WEAKNESSES
  • 52.
     Pollution Minimisationcould serve as a vehicle for increasing competitiveness  Better environmental performance could help in securing bigger/additional markets  Incorporation of Environmental Management Systems could lead to establishment of a culture of continuous improvement  Adoption of Cleaner Production could bring about a change in attitude of the industry personnel  The upcoming industries could use environmental cost. as a balancing tool for selecting newer low-waste technologies  Improving environmental performance would also lead to improved shop-floor conditions and, thus, higher labour productivity OPPORTUNITIES
  • 53.
     Increasing interventionof Judiciary and State Agencies Which could even lead to closure of industries  Increasing public pressure: The fear of becoming a public enemy  Increasing enforcement of Regulations which could make installation of expensive EOP system mandatory  Possible loss of market both due to loss of consumer faith and trade conditions in case of non-compliance of Environmental Regulations  Possible blanket curb by State Agencies on higher polluting industry sectors/products THREATS
  • 54.
    Role of Policymakers:  Formulation of emission/effluent standards in a way so that it promotes Waste Minimisation E.g: the existing concentration based, standards to be revised to load based standards  Incorporation of pollution prevention in the Regulatory system with specific emphasis on adoption of Cleaner Technologies  Institution of pollution prevention awards and public recognition systems to bring the champions in limelight  Formulation of appropriate fiscal policies which promote Pollution Minimisation. This could include incentives for waste recycling, soft loans, pollution tax linked with pollution load etc. Role of different Stakeholders in Environmental Development of SMEs
  • 55.
     To provideadvisory/information services on Pollution Minimisation to industries  To develop trainers and, thus, train industry personnel  To develop centralised waste monitoring and characterisation facilities (portable monitoring instruments and analytical laboratory facilities) which could be used by a number of SMEs  To interact with Policy Formulators in Developing appropriate Policies Role of Industry and Associations
  • 56.
     To adoptsofter attitude towards industries which show keenness in Waste Minimisation  To provide guidance and support to industries in implementing Pollution Minimisation  To build a platform for interaction between industry Pollution Minimisation equipment/technology suppliers  To reward the doers and penalise the evaders.  To develop trainers and advisors  To develop centralised waste monitoring and characterisation facilities (portable monitoring instruments and analytical laboratory facilities) which could be used by a number of SMEs  To interact with Policy Formulators developing appropriate Policies Role of Regulatory Agencies
  • 57.
     To buildPollution Minimisation as part and parcel of Management practices  To commit themselves and set time-bound targets/goals for Pollution Minimisation  To interact and learn from each other on different practices adopted for improving environmental performance  To establish Environmental Management Systems to ensure continuous improvement  To train all their employees and make them conscious about environmental performance Role of Industrial Nodal Agencies
  • 58.