This document outlines the key steps for setting up and implementing an effective waste management program, including: 1. Conducting a preliminary waste assessment to collect baseline data on current waste generation and management practices. 2. Using tools like life cycle assessment, best practicable environmental options, and environmental audits to analyze waste streams, identify reduction opportunities, and ensure regulatory compliance. 3. Developing and implementing a waste minimization program with goals, standard operating procedures, monitoring systems, and targets to continuously track waste reduction progress over time. The overall waste management program aims to reduce environmental impacts and costs by analyzing an organization's full supply chain and promoting sustainable practices. Close monitoring and documentation are also essential to evaluate the program's

1. WASTE
MANAGEMENT
PROGRAMME: THE
SET UP AND
IMPLEMENTATION
Presented by Joyce Wanjiru Gachugi
Crown Plaza Hotel,
February 10-11th 2011

2. Structure of presentation
1.PART 1: Waste Management Programmes &
Models
2.PART 2: Data Collection – Process &
Relevance
3.PART 3: Waste Minimization Programme

3. PART 1 : Waste Management Programmes
& Models

4. Basis for a Waste Management Programme
●What? – Examine the definition of WMP
●Why? – Examine the relevance of a WMP ; What
is driving the need for WMPs
●How? – Examine the tools & models that are
needed
●Where? – Examine the entire supply chain
●Who? – Examine the responsibility of
implementing a WMP

5. Waste management programme
●Definition – A detailed, target oriented system,
set up within an organization or institution or
industry to manage waste.
●Relevance - Risk Management, Achieving your
bottom line /3P approach – people, planet, profit,
Occupational, Safety and Health Issue
●Tools – Audits, LCA, BPEO etc
●Scope – Entire supply Chain
●Responsibility – Selected and approved team

6. Models & Tools
●Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
●Best Practicable Environmental Options (BPEO)
●Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)
●Eco-Efficiency Assessments (EEA)
●FLIPO Method
●Waste Audit
●Environmental Audit
●Environmental Impact Assessment

7. Life Cycle Assessment is a tool used to
evaluate the environmental burdens
associated with a product (or process).
LCA involves capturing the materials,
energy and wastes involved in each
phase of a product’s life cycle.
Objectives:
To Quantify environmental impacts
To Identify & evaluate opportunities for
continuous improvement.
It requires the evaluation of all elements
of a product’s life cycle:
1.Raw material extraction and
processing
2.Internal manufacturing
3.Transportation and distribution
4.Use, reuse, and maintenance
5.Minimization, Recycling or final
disposal

8. BPEO or BAT
●Best Practicable Environmental Option or Best Available
Technique
●BPEO are a set of procedures adopted in Great Britain
with the goal of managing waste and other
environmental concerns.
●Focuses on a broader scope – more activity based than
product based. (Program Vs. Plan)
●Practicability is based on the option that provides the
most benefits or the least damage to the environment, as
a whole, at acceptable cost, in the long term as well as in
the short term"

9. Classic BPEO Methodology
●Evaluation of the existing waste system - the capacity,operations
infrastructure, as well as the characteristics of each waste stream.
●Identification of options - Waste management options are identified,
incorporating provincial and national objectives and targets for waste
management, and existing waste management arrangements and
associated legislation.
●Assessment of options – Waste management options are broadly
assessed in terms of environmental, social, economic and
practicability criteria.
●Identification of the BPEO – Offers the current BPEO and Future
BPEO

10. Affecting your bottom line
●LCA and BPEO are good models to help grow
your bottom line by:
1.Cost cutting – operational, insurance for
employees etc
2.Closing the loop – nutrient, carbon etc
3.Minimizing risks
4.Improving brand perception to consumers

11. Obtain Management Commitment
●This is the 1st step in the WMP implementation
process.
●Management sets the priorities, assigns key
personnel, and allocates funding for the WMP
activities.
●Lack of top management commitment means a
lack of necessary support & resources for WMP
development and implementation.

12. How to obtain Committment
●The programme must be seen as vital to the functioning of the
organization and as a positive benefit, in terms of :
1.Financial terms or
2.Measures such as improved regulatory compliance status,
3.Increased production efficiency, or worker protection.
●Provide best practice examples from other industries Inform your top
management that organizations that consistently demonstrate
management support for pollution prevention and environmental
compliance generally performance the highest levels and will be
looked upon as environmental leaders.
●Once management commitment is gained, the commitment and
vision should be clearly communicated across the organization.

13. PART 2 : Data collection –
Process & Relevance

14. Data Collection & Assessment
●Is the heart of an effective waste management
programme
●Conducted at three key levels:
1.Preliminary
2.Operational
3.Monitoring
○When setting up a waste minimization
programme, a preliminary assessment must be
done at the onset.
○It forms the foundation for the BASELINE

15. Preliminary Assessment
●The objective of this activity is to collect all
necessary background information on the
organization’s operation.
●Conducted at the onset – to assess the gaps
that exist, current conditions etc
●Should be very detailed, focusing on all activities
and processes,
●Is announced to the entire work force before
hand,

17. Implementing a WMP
Waste
Management
Programme
Plan
Do
Check
Act
Implementing involves
taking committed
action
Implementing is a
procedural process
Implementing is
ongoing – not start
/stop

18. Site inspections
There are essentially three basic types of site inspection:
1.First routine inspection
●Are pre-arranged,
●Detailed inspection of waste generating activities and
waste management activities,
2.Ongoing routine inspections
●Spot Checks - unannounced,
●Less detailed, focuses on changes in activities, waste
generation and waste management,
3.Special purpose inspection
●E.g. monitoring, surveillance inspection

20. Environmental Evaluation (EE&A)
●Tool used to assess the impact of an activity
within a company/institution/ organization on the
environment,
●It incorporates both social and economic
aspects,
●Pre-determines as well as describes the current
scenario of operations,
●Mainly done for compliance reasons;
●Help identify points of intervention,

21. EE&A tools
●Include: Environmental Audits, EIAs etc.
●In most instances (Kenya), they does not take on
a cost- benefit analysis approach,
●Stretch your EE& A tools and techniques,
●Compliance is good but it rarely grows your
bottom line,
●Helps to determine which course of action
should be taken, based on which is the most
cost effective,

22. Environmental Audit
●The key protocol for this lies within the waste
management regulations,
●Is an environmental evaluation tool,
●A waste audit is a procedure for surveying
processes and/or equipment and identifying
waste minimization options,
●Can be conducted through visual audits, waste
characterization, desktop audits etc.

23. Objectives for an Audit
●Identify each and every gas, liquid and solid waste stream
generated by the industry, using flow diagrams.
●Quantify and characterize every waste stream, a material mass
balance is often a useful tool.
●Establish how and why the waste stream is generated.
●Calculate the costs incurred with pretreatment, storage, handling
and disposal.
●Determine the liabilities associated due to the generation of those
wastes, including compliance with NEMA etc
●Identify options for effective waste management so that a waste
management plan can be developed including waste minimization
potential.

24. Procedure:
1.Selection of an Audit team
2.Determination of Audit Scope
3.Collection of Preliminary Data
4.Identification and characterization of input materials,
products and waste streams
5.Material Balance
6.Comprehensive plant and environmental analysis
7.Evaluation of data and regulatory compliance
8.Preparation of Waste Audit Report
9.Submission to relevant personnel

25. PART 3: Waste Minimization Programme

26. Waste Minimization Programme
●Definition - source reduction practice.
●Objectives
1.To reduce or eliminate waste generation at the source;
2.To entrench environmentally sound recycling practices,
where source reduction is not economically practical.
●"Waste minimization is a "prevention strategy"
rather than an "end-of-pipe" treatment strategy
●Should be viewed as a tool to achieve
continuous environmental improvement, rather
than daily "firefighting“.

27. How to Implement it?
INTERNAL TASKS EXTERNAL TASKS
Draw up a proposal, Conduct a Waste Assessment
Submit the proposal to Top Management Conduct Cost Analyses for current waste
management – at all stages of the supply
chain,
Get Top Management Commitment Identify opportunities for waste minimization
Target Setting, Setting of Standard
Operating Procedures & Schedules
(SOP&S), Benchmarking
Identify technology transfer needs
Periodic Monitoring & Review of programme Set targets for implementation
Implement recommendations Provide recommendations

28. Monitoring and Reporting System
●Necessary to evaluate success of the waste
minimization strategy.
●Monitoring is done to check on some key
aspects:
1.Non-conformance
2.Corrective Action
3.Preventive Action
**Monitoring requires a good documentation system**

29. Setting it up:
●Identify the Who? Where? When? What? And
How?
●Establish standard operating procedures &
Schedules for each stage of the supply chain,
●Put in place documentation procedures,
●Provide the necessary equipment, training and
expertise to staff involved in the monitoring
process
●Set targets - should be specific, measurable &
time-scaled, realistic and achievable.

30. Conclusions
 Reduce your waste footprint, reduce your
operational costs
 Stay informed – legislation, best practices,
innovations, opportunities, risks = keep training
 Analyze your entire supply chain, not simply at
the end of the pipe!
 Document at all stages of your supply chain
 Don’t leap, take small but impressionable steps!
 Stay ahead of the curve, be a trendsetter!

31. Thank You!!
For any questions, please contact:
Joyce Wanjiru Gachugi
ECM Centre Limited
E-mail: joyce.gachugi@ecmcentre.com
Tel: +254 720 828 621 / +254 734 947882