The document discusses waste management, its definitions, types (liquid and solid), and relevant regulations in India, highlighting government initiatives for environmental preservation. It also covers automation, addressing its definition, advantages, disadvantages, and key issues related to its implementation in manufacturing. Additionally, the document encourages self-assessment of knowledge regarding waste management and automation challenges.

1. PRODUCTION AND
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
Waste Management and Automation
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2. Contents
• Waste management – Meaning
• Types of waste
• Acts and Regulations
• Waste management in India
• Automation – Meaning
• Advantages & Disadvantages
• Issues in Automation

3. Waste Management - Meaning
• Waste management is a
complicated work. It starts from
waste collection, followed by
waste segregation, fed into
recycling, and disposed of safely
without impacting the
environment in the least.

4. Types of Waste
• The wastes can classified into liquid
and solid wastes.
• Liquid wastes are generated from process
plants such as Breweries and tanneries. They
can be treated using a common effluent
treatment plant (CETP)
• Solid Wastes can be further classified as
– Organic waste: Kitchen wastes, vegetables, fruits, etc.
– Toxic waste: Paints, chemicals, Old medicines, etc.
– Recyclable: Paper, glass, metals, plastics
– Soiled Waste: Hospital waste with stools, blood etc.

5. Acts & Regulations
• There are many regulations that
control the pollution in India.
• Water Act 1974
• Air Act 1981
• Environmental Protection Act 1986

6. Waste Management in India
• There are many initiatives taken by the Government to
restore the environment without stifling economic
development.
• National Waste Management council constituted in 1990
• Ministry of urban affairs and National Environmental engineering
research institute are working on the municipal waste management
• Central public health environmental engineering
organization(CPHEEO) is working on the solid waste management
and drainage utilities in India.
• There are also central and state pollution control boards, that take
care of regulating the companies from indiscriminately polluting the
pristine zones of nature.

7. Automation - Meaning
• Automation is the extension of
principles of mechanization to
the integration of machines
with one another in such a
manner as to have the group
operate as an individual
processing and control unit.

8. Advantages & Disadvantages
• Advantages:
– Increased out put and enhanced productivity
– Improved and uniform quality
– Reduced cost
– Fewer Accidents
– Better production control
• Disadvantages
– Heavy capital investment
– Displacement of labor
– Requirement of tighter specification
– Loss of employment
– Problem in developing countries

9. Issues in Automation
• Decisions in Automation whether to
go for full or partial automation is
key.
• Building manufacturing flexibility to
change adapt to the market needs
• Justifying Automation projects.

10. Assess yourself
• Waste management is a dire need.
• Have you understood the efforts Indian
government is taking to handle waste
born out of industrial activity
• List down the merits and demerits of
Automation.
• Identify more issues if any other than
those mentioned in the slide in
Automation.

11. PRODUCTION AND
OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
Waste Management and Automation
Learnito Study Series of Slides for Business Students
Find Notes, QnA and Case Studies at www.learnito.com/catalog