This document discusses vitamin B6, including its functions, food sources, recommendations, deficiency, and current research. It begins by introducing vitamin B6 and its role in nervous system function, red blood cell production, and protein metabolism. It then lists foods containing vitamin B6 and its functions in making antibodies, maintaining nerve function, producing hemoglobin, breaking down proteins, and regulating blood sugar. The document establishes recommended daily allowances for vitamin B6 based on age and gender. It further discusses deficiency symptoms and conditions that can cause inadequate vitamin B6 status. Current research covers average intakes, deficiency associations, risk groups like those with kidney diseases, and effects of alcohol dependence.
this presentation is about Vitamin B6 which include structure , biochemical function , biochemical reaction, effect of deficiency of vitamin B6, Toxicity and function of Vitamin B6.
Definition
Classification
Introduction
Types of WATER SOLUBLE vitamin
Public health significance
Dietary goals
Dietary guidelines
Vitamin C
the B Vitamins
Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B6
Folic Acid
Vitamin B12
Nutritional programmes in india
Biotin (vitamin b7) biological functions, clinical indications and its techn...rohini sane
An illustrative presentation on Biotin (Vitamin B7), clinical indications and technological applications for Medical, Dental, Pharmacology & Biotechnology students to facilitate easy- learning.
Water soluble vitamin pyridoxine (vitamin B6) introduction, Chemistry of vitamin B6, Biochemical role of vitamin B6, active form of vitamin B 6 (pyridoxal phosphate) synthesis and their role, Recommended dietary allowance of vitamin B6, Dietary sources of vitamin B 6, Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin B6.
vitamins in chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis patientsPediatric Nephrology
Vitamins are organic substances that cannot be synthesized by the
human body
Their functions are essential for normal human metabolism
In contrast to well-defined standards for healthy children/To date, there have been no randomized controlled trials examining the intake and/or needs of vitamins and trace elements in pediatric (CKD) or ESRD
Natural dietary sources of water-soluble vitamins and key trace elements are found in foods such as fruits, legumes, red meat, and dairy, all of which may be limited in the ESRD population on dialysis because of high potassium and phosphorus contents
The body needs access to vitamin B12 to produce red blood cells. A lack of this vitamin can lead to anaemia.Folic acid deficiency can cause anemia. Anemia is a condition where you have too few RBCs. Anemia can deprive your tissues of oxygen it needs, because red blood cells carry the oxygen. Symptoms of a deficiency depends on what type of vitamin B you lack. They can range from fatigue and confusion, to anemia or a compromised immune system. Skin rashes also can occur.
this presentation is about Vitamin B6 which include structure , biochemical function , biochemical reaction, effect of deficiency of vitamin B6, Toxicity and function of Vitamin B6.
Definition
Classification
Introduction
Types of WATER SOLUBLE vitamin
Public health significance
Dietary goals
Dietary guidelines
Vitamin C
the B Vitamins
Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Pantothenic Acid
Vitamin B6
Folic Acid
Vitamin B12
Nutritional programmes in india
Biotin (vitamin b7) biological functions, clinical indications and its techn...rohini sane
An illustrative presentation on Biotin (Vitamin B7), clinical indications and technological applications for Medical, Dental, Pharmacology & Biotechnology students to facilitate easy- learning.
Water soluble vitamin pyridoxine (vitamin B6) introduction, Chemistry of vitamin B6, Biochemical role of vitamin B6, active form of vitamin B 6 (pyridoxal phosphate) synthesis and their role, Recommended dietary allowance of vitamin B6, Dietary sources of vitamin B 6, Deficiency symptoms of Vitamin B6.
vitamins in chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis patientsPediatric Nephrology
Vitamins are organic substances that cannot be synthesized by the
human body
Their functions are essential for normal human metabolism
In contrast to well-defined standards for healthy children/To date, there have been no randomized controlled trials examining the intake and/or needs of vitamins and trace elements in pediatric (CKD) or ESRD
Natural dietary sources of water-soluble vitamins and key trace elements are found in foods such as fruits, legumes, red meat, and dairy, all of which may be limited in the ESRD population on dialysis because of high potassium and phosphorus contents
The body needs access to vitamin B12 to produce red blood cells. A lack of this vitamin can lead to anaemia.Folic acid deficiency can cause anemia. Anemia is a condition where you have too few RBCs. Anemia can deprive your tissues of oxygen it needs, because red blood cells carry the oxygen. Symptoms of a deficiency depends on what type of vitamin B you lack. They can range from fatigue and confusion, to anemia or a compromised immune system. Skin rashes also can occur.
PA is a type of vitamin B12 deficiency that results from an impaired update of vitamin B12 due to lack of Intrinsic factor. It is an autoimmune disease, diagnosed by using family history, physical examination and laboratory diagnosis.
Symptoms associated with a lemon tint of skin, painful tongue, diarrhoea, peripheral neuropathy and myelopathy, splenomegaly, shortness of breath yellowish eyes, dementia, muscle pain and weakness.
A vitamin that can dissolve in water. Vitamins are nutrients that the body needs in small amounts to stay healthy and work the way it should. Water-soluble vitamins are carried to the body's tissues but are not stored in the body.
A Comprehensive Introduction to Vitamins and its chemistry, source, RDA, classification, deficiency states and biological importance. This will give readers a overall insight to this topic.
folic acid use in prenatal and antenatal time,dose ,benifites,time of start consmption,folic acid difficiensy,metabolism and role of folic acid in cells,hemolytic disease,high dose folic acid side effect,role of it in preventing cancers,role of folic acid in preventing hypertention,recomend doses in
Anemia is a very common and widespread disease which is commonly affect the youngster girls/ Pregnant and lactating mothers and Children's of growing age.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...
Vitamin b6
1. GROUP V MEMBERS
12/GS/3711
12/GS/3921
12/GS/3864
12/GS/3929
12/GS/3705
12/GS/3702
12/GS/3708
Vitamin B6
2. VITAMIN B6
INTRODUCTION
Vitamin B6 also called pyridoxine is a watersoluble vitamin that is naturally present in
many foods, added to others, and available
as a dietary supplement.
Your body needs it for regular nervous
system function, production of normal red
blood cells and protein metabolism
3. FOOD SOURCES
Vitamin B6 is found in:
Avocado
Banana
Legumes (dried beans)
Meat
Nuts
Poultry
Whole grains
Fortified breads and cereals may also contain
vitamin B6. Fortified means that a vitamin or
mineral has been added to the food.
4. FUNCTIONS
Vitamin B6 helps the body to:
Make antibodies. Antibodies are needed to
fight many diseases.
Maintain normal nerve function
Make hemoglobin. Hemoglobin carries
oxygen in the red blood cells to the tissues. A
vitamin B6 deficiency can cause a form of
anemia.
Break down proteins. The more protein you
eat, the more vitamin B6 you need.
Keep blood sugar (glucose) in normal ranges.
5. RECOMMENDATIONS
The Recommended Dietary Allowance
(RDA) for vitamins reflects how much of
each vitamin people should receive on a
daily basis. The RDA for vitamins may be
used to help create goals for each person.
How much of each vitamin is needed
depends on a person's age and gender.
Other factors, such as pregnancy and
illnesses, are also important. Ask your
health care provider which amount is best
for you.
6. RECOMMENDATIONS
Table 1: Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for Vitamin B6
Age
Male
Birth to 6 0.1 mg*
Female
Pregnancy
Lactation
0.1 mg*
months
7–12
0.3 mg*
0.3 mg*
1–3 years
0.5 mg
0.5 mg
4–8 years
0.6 mg
0.6 mg
9–13 years 1.0 mg
1.0 mg
14–18
1.3 mg
1.2 mg
1.9 mg
2.0 mg
1.3 mg
1.3 mg
1.9 mg
2.0 mg
1.7 mg
1.5 mg
months
years
19–50
years
51+ years
7. DEFICIENCY AND RELATED
DISORDERS
Large doses of vitamin B6 can cause:
Difficulty coordinating movement
Numbness (lack of sensation)
Sensory changes
Deficiency of this vitamin can cause:
Confusion
Depression
Irritability
Mouth and tongue sores
8. CURRENT RESEARCHES
VITAMIN B6 INTAKES AND STATUS
According to an analysis of data from the
2003–2004 National Health and Nutrition
Examination Survey (NHANES);The
average vitamin B6 intake is about 1.5
mg/day in women and 2 mg/day in men
9. CURRENT RESEARCHES
VITAMIN B6 DEFICIENCY
Isolated vitamin B6 deficiency is uncommon;
inadequate vitamin B6 status is usually
associated with low concentrations of other
B-complex vitamins, such as vitamin B12
and folic acid. Vitamin B6 deficiency causes
biochemical changes that become more
obvious as the deficiency progresses.
10. CURRENT RESEARCHES
Vitamin B6 deficiency is associated with
microcytic anemia, electroencephalographic
abnormalities, dermatitis with cheilosis
(scaling on the lips and cracks at the
corners of the mouth) and glossitis (swollen
tongue), depression and confusion, and
weakened immune function.
11. CURRENT RESEARCHES
In infants, vitamin B6 deficiency causes
irritability, abnormally acute hearing, and
convulsive seizures.
End-stage renal diseases, chronic renal
insufficiency, and other kidney diseases can
cause vitamin B6 deficiency.
12. CURRENT RESEARCHES
In addition, vitamin B6 deficiency can result
from malabsorption syndromes, such as
celiac disease, Crohn’s disease, and
ulcerative colitis. Certain genetic diseases,
such as homocystinuria, can also cause
vitamin B6 deficiency. Some medications,
such as antiepileptic drugs, can lead to
deficiency over time.
13. CURRENT RESEARCHES
GROUPS AT RISK OF VITAMIN B6 INADEQUACY
The following groups are among those most likely to have inadequate
intakes of vitamin B6.
INDIVIDUALS WITH IMPAIRED RENAL FUNCTION
People with poor renal function, including those with end-stage renal
disease and chronic renal insufficiency, often have low vitamin B6
concentrations.
Plasma PLP concentrations are also low in patients receiving
maintenance kidney dialysis or intermittent peritoneal dialysis, as well
as those who have undergone a kidney transplant, perhaps due to
increased metabolic clearance of PLP. Patients with kidney disease
often show clinical symptoms similar to those of people with vitamin B6
deficiency.
O
14. CURRENT RESEARCHES
INDIVIDUALS WITH AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS
People with rheumatoid arthritis often have low
vitamin B6 concentrations, and vitamin B6
concentrations tend to decrease with increased
disease severity. These low vitamin B6 levels are due
to the inflammation caused by the disease and, in
turn, increase the inflammation associated with the
disease. Although vitamin B6 supplements can
normalize vitamin B6 concentrations in patients with
rheumatoid arthritis, they do not suppress the
production of inflammatory cytokines or decrease
levels of inflammatory markers.
15. CURRENT RESEARCHES
PEOPLE WITH ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
Plasma PLP concentrations tend to be very
low in people with alcohol dependence.
Alcohol produces acetaldehyde, which
decreases net PLP formation by cells and
competes with PLP in protein binding. As a
result, the PLP in cells might be more
susceptible to hydrolysis by membranebound phosphatase. People with alcohol
dependence might benefit from pyridoxine
supplementation.
16. REFERENCES
1.
Institute of Medicine. Food and Nutrition Board. Dietary
Reference Intakes: Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6,
Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline .
Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1998.
2.
Mackey A, Davis S, Gregory J. Vitamin B6. In: Shils M, Shike
M, Ross A, Caballero B, Cousins R, eds. Modern Nutrition in
Health and Disease. 10th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott
Williams & Wilkins; 2005.
3.
McCormick D. Vitamin B6. In: Bowman B, Russell R, eds.
Present Knowledge in Nutrition. 9th ed. Washington, DC:
International Life Sciences Institute; 2006.