1) The document discusses various principles of visual design including visual elements, patterns, and arrangements. It addresses selecting appropriate elements, choosing underlying patterns, and arranging individual elements within the chosen pattern. 2) Key visual design elements discussed are realistic, analogic, and organizational visuals. Design patterns must consider principles like balance, proximity, and alignment. Effective arrangements focus attention on important messages and engage viewers. 3) Cultural and audience factors like color preferences must also be considered. Visuals should be tailored based on whether the audience is children or adults.

1. JEDALYN R. BRIONES MA in Education-Educational Management Dr. Christopher Chua Professor

2. Roles of Visuals Visual Literacy Decoding: Interpret visuals Encoding: Creating Visuals (Basic Goals) Process of Visual Design Visual Design Elements Visual Design Pattern Visual Design Arrangement

3. Slightly superior than text display only depends on many factors provide concrete reference for ideas attract and hold attention, generate emotional responses simplify information that is difficult to understand redundant channel for information

4. Input strategies to decode, or read visuals proficiently Output strategies to encode, or write, visuals to express themselves and communicate with others.

5. Developmental Effects: before 12 -- section; after 12 -- whole. Relationships should clearly spelt out. Avoid highly realistic visuals which may distract children. Cultural Effects Visual Preferences color preferred photographs preferred preferred versus effective

6. Ensure legibility (giving examples) Reduce the effort required to interpret the message (proximity, consistency,..) Increase the viewer’s active engagement with the message (motivation) Focus attention on the most important parts of the message

7. Elements – selecting the verbal/visual elements to be incorporated into display Pattern – choosing an underlying pattern for the elements of the display Arrangement – arranging the individual element within the underlying pattern

8. PROCESS OF VISUAL DESIGN Visual Design Element Visual Design Pattern Visual Design Arrangement Visual Element Verbal Element Realistic Analogic Organization Letter style Colour Capitals Number of style Size Spacing Add Appeals Surprise Texture Interaction Alignment Style Balance Shape Colour scheme Colour appeal Proximity Directionals Figure-ground contrast Consistency

9. 1) Visual elements i) Realistic ii) Analogic iii) Organizational

10. 1) Realistic Show the actual object under study ABSTRACT REALISTIC

11. 1) Realistic visuals The more realistic a visual is, the closer it is to the original Elements : Visual Elements 2) Analogic visuals Convey topic by showing something else and implying a similarity E.g. the function of human memory with the function of computer memory

12. Elements : Visual Elements 3) Organizational visuals Such as flowcharts, graphs, maps, classification charts

13. Letter Style: No. of Lettering Styles Capitals: only when normally required or short headings. Color of Lettering: contrast between lettering color and background color. Size of lettering: 1/2 inch high for 10 feet of viewer distance Spacing between characters: Optical spacing Spacing between Lines: slightly less than the average height of the lowercase letters

14. S urprise Think unusual metaphor, a dramatic change of size Texture Convey the idea of the subject to the viewer by involving the sense of touch. Interaction Ask learners to respond visual displays by manipulating materials on the display.

15. Alignment (positioning) -shows visual relationship to each other. Shape -Elements arranged into a familiar shape easily linked. e.g. circle, Z. Rule of thirds Balance formal balance -- equilibrium informal (asymmetrical) balance: catch eyes imbalance: should be avoided.

16. Rule of Thirds Place your important elements where these lines intersect Good places to put things; third of the way up, third of the way in from the left Duff places to put things; right in the middle, right at the top, right at the bottom, away in the corner

18. Style: -choice of lettering and type of pictures -preferences of the audience Color Scheme: Acceptable Complementary colors -opposite on the color wheel. Analogous colors - next to each other on the color wheel. Juxtapose two complement colors not recommended a background color, a color for the images or test, a color for the highlights.

19. warm versus cool colors warm as highlights and cool as background in general, children prefer warm cool colors while maturity prefers cooler colors and subtler combinations. Cultural colors

20. Analogous colours : colours that lie next to each other Complimentary and Analogous colours may form pleasing combinations when used together in a display The Colour Wheel

21. Use cool colour for background Highlight important cues in warm colour such as red and orange

22. Red China: Good luck, celebration, summoning Cherokees: Success, triumph India: Purity South Africa: Color of mourning Russia: Bolsheviks and Communism Eastern: Worn by brides Western : Excitement, danger, love, passion, stop, Christmas (with green) Orange Ireland: Religious (Protestants) Western : Halloween (with black), creativity, autumn Yellow China: Nourishing Egypt: Color of mourning Japan: Courage India: Merchants Western: Hope, hazards, coward

23. Green China: Green hats indicate a man's wife is cheating on him, exorcism India: Islam Ireland: Symbol of the entire country Western: Spring, new birth, go, Saint Patrick's Day, Christmas (with red) Blue Cherokees: Defeat, trouble Iran: Color of heaven and spirituality Western: Depression, sadness, conservative, corporate, "something blue" bridal tradition Purple Thailand: Color of mourning (widows) Western: Royalty White Japan: White carnation symbolizes death Eastern: Funerals Western : Brides, angels, good guys, hospitals, doctors, peace (white dove) Black China: Color for young boys Western : Funerals, death, Halloween (with orange), bad guys, rebellion

24. Background Foreground Images and Text Highlights White Dark blue Red, orange Light gray Blue, green, black Red Blue Light yellow, white Yellow, red Light blue Dark blue, dark green Red-orange Light yellow Violet, brown Red

25. Proximity: close-related; far-unrelated. Directionals: to draw attentions figure-Ground contrast: dark on light or vice versa. Consistency.

26. http://www.fed.cuhk.edu.hk/fllee/CommonUse/VisualPrin/VisualPrinNotes.htm http://www.slideshare.net/Izaham/visual-principles http://www.slideshare.net/banders75/visual-principles-2469223 http://www.powershow.com/view/10d21-NmM5M/Visual_Principles_flash_ppt_presentation References: