This document discusses gene transfer techniques, including viral and non-viral delivery systems. It describes gene therapy as using genes to treat disease by inserting a gene into a patient's cells instead of using drugs or surgery. It outlines various non-viral physical methods like gene guns, ultrasound, electroporation, and magnetofection and chemical methods like cationic liposomes and polymers to facilitate gene transfer. Viral vectors discussed include retroviruses, adenoviruses, and adeno-associated viruses. In conclusion, while progress has been made, developing safe and effective non-viral delivery systems for in vivo gene therapy remains a challenge.
Nucleic Acid Based Therapeutic Delivery System.pptxRAHUL PAL
Therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs) are nucleic acids themselves or closely related compounds used to treat disease. Although various types of TNAs exist, they share a common mechanism of action that is mediated by sequence‐specific recognition of endogenous nucleic acids through Watson–Crick base pairing 7.
What are the advantages of nucleic acid based therapeutics?
The major advantage of nucleic acid-based therapeutics lies in the fact that they can be used to accurately target a tumor or tissue, then have a specific therapeutic protein, biologic, or immune engager expressed only at the site of interest.
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize foreign agents, destroy it, and keep a record of it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.
Nucleic Acid Based Therapeutic Delivery System.pptxRAHUL PAL
Therapeutic nucleic acids (TNAs) are nucleic acids themselves or closely related compounds used to treat disease. Although various types of TNAs exist, they share a common mechanism of action that is mediated by sequence‐specific recognition of endogenous nucleic acids through Watson–Crick base pairing 7.
What are the advantages of nucleic acid based therapeutics?
The major advantage of nucleic acid-based therapeutics lies in the fact that they can be used to accurately target a tumor or tissue, then have a specific therapeutic protein, biologic, or immune engager expressed only at the site of interest.
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize foreign agents, destroy it, and keep a record of it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.
Nucleic acid based therapeutic drug delivery systemtadisriteja9
Nucleic acid based Drug delivery system is one of the trending research area, which i have taken and made as Powerpoint for easy and quick learning purpose
BIOPHARMACEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS IN DRUG PRODUCT DESIGNN Anusha
BIOPHARMACEUTICS studies the in vitro impact of physicochemical properties of drugs and drug products on delivery to body under normal or pathologic conditions.
Biopharmaceutics links the physical and chemical properties of drug and drug product to their performance, in vivo.
The aim of biopharmaceutics is to adjust the delivery of drug from drug products in such a manner as to provide: optimal therapeutic activity and safety for the patient.
Myself Omkar Tipugade , PG Student of Department of Pharmaceutics. today I will discus on the topic Gene Therapy . In that we discus about the method for gene therapy & its application for disease treatment.
Nucleic acid based therapeutic drug delivery systemtadisriteja9
Nucleic acid based Drug delivery system is one of the trending research area, which i have taken and made as Powerpoint for easy and quick learning purpose
BIOPHARMACEUTIC CONSIDERATIONS IN DRUG PRODUCT DESIGNN Anusha
BIOPHARMACEUTICS studies the in vitro impact of physicochemical properties of drugs and drug products on delivery to body under normal or pathologic conditions.
Biopharmaceutics links the physical and chemical properties of drug and drug product to their performance, in vivo.
The aim of biopharmaceutics is to adjust the delivery of drug from drug products in such a manner as to provide: optimal therapeutic activity and safety for the patient.
Myself Omkar Tipugade , PG Student of Department of Pharmaceutics. today I will discus on the topic Gene Therapy . In that we discus about the method for gene therapy & its application for disease treatment.
Introduction
Approaches to Gene Therapy
Vectors in Gene Therapy
Non-viral Methods
Physical Methods for Improving DNA Transfer
Chemical Methods for Improving DNA Transfer
Advantages and Disadvantages of Gene Therapy
Applications of Gene Therapy
Challenges
Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins or glyco-proteins binding selectively without the involvement of enzymes, Gene responsible for expression lection found in chromosome 10q11.2-q21
Found in plnats grains, legume, soy bean, kidney bean
Lectins recognize tumor marker which play important role for diagnosing tumor cell, screening tumour and able to detect subtle neoplastic changes
Gene therapy is the process of inserting therapeutic genes into cells to prevent or cure wide range of diseases. The newly introduced genes will encode proteins and correct the deficiencies that occur in genetic diseases. Gene therapy primarily involves genetic manipulations in animals or humans to correct a disease, and keep organism in good health. It is a technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease and development.
The concept of transferring genes to tissues for clinical applications has been discussed for nearly half a century, but the ability to manipulate genetic material via recombinant DNA technology has brought this goal to reality. ‘Gene Therapy’ covers both the research and clinical applications of the new genetic therapy techniques currently being developed. The application of molecular biology has revolutionized researchers understanding of many diseases and has been readily applied for diagnostic purposes. Now-a-day this is originally conceived as a way to treat life-threatening disorders (inborn errors, cancers) refractory to conventional treatment, gene therapy now is considered for many non–life-threatening conditions, including those adversely affecting a patient’s quality of life. The lack of suitable treatment has become a rational basis for extending the scope of gene therapy. It is not very far, the justifiable optimism that with increased biotechnological improvement, gene therapy will become a standard part of clinical practice.
Assalamualaikum
Hope you all are fine and doing well. Submitting my work on gene therapy. Let me know you this is a basic knowledge assignment and I have written it for students use and I hope it will be helpful for you. Keep me remember in your prayers.
Thanks.
NUCLEIC ACID BASED THERAPEUTIC DELIVERY SYSTEM by pramesh..pptxPRAMESHPANWAR1
Name of the title: Nucleic Acid-Based Therapeutic Delivery System.
It includes information about nucleic acid, gene therapy, and its type, a method to deliver the desired DNA, i.e., vectors and their types, with proper examples and diagrams, and how these things help in delivering a nucleic acid-based therapeutic drug delivery system.
Liquid dosage forms: Advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms. Excipients used in formulation of liquid dosage forms. Solubility enhancement techniques
Good Laboratory Practices: General Provisions, Organization and Personnel, Facilities, Equipment,
Testing Facilities Operation, Test and Control Articles, Protocol for Conduct of a Nonclinical Laboratory
Study, Records and Reports, Disqualification of Testing Facilities, Organization and Personnel, Facilities, Equipment,
Testing Facilities Operation, Test and Control Articles, Protocol for Conduct of a Nonclinical Laboratory
Study, Records and Reports, Disqualification of Testing Facilities
PHARMACEUTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE SIXTH SEMSTER B PHARM
Introduction, definition and general principles of calibration, qualification
and validation, importance and scope of validation, types of validation, validation master plan. Calibration of pH meter, Qualification of UV-Visible spectrophotometer, General principles of Analytical
method Validation.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
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The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
1. VIRAL AND NON VIRAL GENE TRANSFER
Presented By
Sujitha Mary
M Pharm
St Joseph College Of Pharmacy
2. CONTENTS
What is gene therapy
Gene Transfer
Introduction
Gene Transfer Techniques
Non viral delivery systems
Physical Methods
Chemical Methods
Viral delivery systems
Conclusion
References
3. What is gene therapy ?
Gene therapy is an Experimental technique
that uses genes to treat or prevent disease.
In the future, this technique may allow doctors
to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a
patient’s cells instead of using drugs or
surgery.
4. Gene Transfer
It is defined as a technique to efficiently and
stably introduce foreign into the genome of the
target cells
The insertion of unrelated, therapeutic genetic
information in the form of DNA into target
cells..
5. Introduction
There are different reasons to do gene transfer.
Perhaps foremost these reasons is the treatment
of diseases using gene transfer to supply patients
with therapeutic genes.
There are different ways to transfer genes. Some
of methods involve the use of a vector such as a
virus so it can take the gene along with it when it
enters the cell.
It provides a novel approach for the investigation
and potential treatment of a variety of disease.
6. Gene Transfer Techniques
Based on the vectors used the gene transfer
techniques can be divided as
• Non viral methods
• Viral methods
7. Non viral delivery systems
Non viral systems comprise all the physical
and chemical methods .
Generally include chemical methods either
chemical methods , such as cationic liposome
and polymers, or physical methods, such as
gene gun, electroporation, particle
bombardment, ultrasound and magnetofaction.
8. Physical Methods
DNA particle bombardment by gene gun
Gold or tungsten spherical particles are
coated with plasmid DNA and then accelerated
to high speed by pressurized gas to penetrate
into target tissue cells.
Actually it is a modification technique called
“biolistic”, originally developed for plant
transgenesis , but now used for in vitro and in
vivo gene delivery into mammalian cells too.
9. Ultrasound
Ultrasound can make some nanomeric pores
in membrane to facilitate intracellular delivery
of DNA particles into cells of internal organs or
tumours .
The most important limitations of the system is
low efficiency of it especially in vivo.
10. Electroporation
Electroporation is temporary destabilization of the cell
membrane targeted tissue by insertion of a pair of electrodes
into it.
DNA molecules in the surrounding media of the destabilized
membrane would able to penetrate into cytoplasm and
neoplasm of the cell
Electroporation has been used in vivo for many types of
tissues, such as skin, muscle, lung, HPRT gene delivery and
tumour treatment
Some problems in this method are.
The difficulty in surgical procedure in the placement of
electrodes into the internal tissues
The high voltage applied to tissue might damage the organ
and affect genomic DNA stability.
11. Magnetofaction
In this method the magnetic fields are used to
concentrate particles containing nucleic acid
into target cells
In this way, the magnetic force allows a very
rapid concentration of the entire applied vector
dose onto cells.
Magnetofaction has been adapted to all types
of nucleic acids, non viral transfection systems
and viruses.
12. Chemical methods
Cationic liposome
Cationic liposomes are more important current non viral
polycationic systems, which compact negatively charged
nucleic acids lead to the formation of nanomeric complexes.
Cationic liposomes have unique characteristics –
Capability to incorporate hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs
Low toxicity
No activation of immune system.
Targeted delivery of bioactive compounds to the site of
action. Cationic liposomes are being used in gene delivery
into lung, skeletal muscles, spleen, kidney, liver, testis, heart
and skin cells.
13. Cationic Polymers
Cationic polymers have also been used extensively for gene
transfer.
Upon mixing with DNA, these polymers form nanosized
complexes, often called polyplexes.
Among cationic polymers, PEI is considered one of the most
effective polymer-based transfection agents
PEI leads to an influx of chloride counter ions within the
compartment and a build up of osmotic pressure that causes
the swelling and rupture of the endosomal membrane.
Recently, more polymers with improved biocompatibility and
biodegradability have been reported demonstrating equal or
superior performance comparing to nondegradable PEIs.
14.
15. Viral delivery systems
Viruses are naturally evolved vehicles that
efficiently transfer their genes into host cells.
Choice of viral vector is dependent on gene
transfer efficiency, capacity to carry foreign genes,
toxicity, stability, immune responses towards viral
antigens and potential viral recombination.
There are a wide variety of vectors used to
deliver DNA or oligo nucleotides into mammalian
cells, either in vitro or in vivo.
The most common vector system based on
retroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes simplex
viruses, adeno associated viruses.
16.
17. The three commonly used viral gene transfer
systems are-
Retro virus(RV)
Adeno virus(AV)
Adeno Associated Virus(AAV)
18. Retro Virus Vector
Commonly employed vectors , derived from Murine
Leukemia Virus(MuLV
Virus genome has two single copy RNA molecules,
complexed with viral core proteins, surrounded by lipid
envelope.
Applications
Treatment of T-lymphocyte deficiency(ADA),Tumour
Infiltrating Lymphocytes(TIL), Bone marrow cells(ADA
deficiency, Gauchers disease), hepatocytes(LDL receptor
deficiency) and melanoma.
In-vivo gene transfer using retro viral vectors for suicide
genes used in brain tumour.
Ex-vivo gene therapy.
19. Adeno Virus Vectors
These are non enveloped DNA viruses, linear genome and
double stranded DNA molecule of about 36kb.
Adeno viral vectors have been isolated from a large number
of different species and more than 100 different serotypes
have been reported.
Adeno viruses type2 and type 5 can be utilized for
transferring both dividing and non dividing cells and have low
host specificity. Applications
In vivo gene therapy – transduce non dividing and terminally
differentiated cells.
Transfect cells in vivo in the intact organ
Gene therapy for cystic therapy.
Gene therapy of muscle in liver and therapy of disease of
CNS.
20. Adeno Associated Virus Vector
Members of Parvo virus family.
Heat stable and resistant to various chemicals
Depend on virus – cannot replicate its own, another virus is
necessary for replicate,.
Applications
Major disadvantages of these vectors are complicated
process of vector production and the limited transgene
capacity of the particles.
Used in haematopoietic stem cells for treatment of ß-
thalassemia and sickle cell anaemia.
ß-thalassemia erythrocyte contains insufficient ß- globin chain
whereas, mutant ß- globin chains are produced in sickle cell.
21. Conclusion
Although numerous viral and non viral gene delivery systems
have been developed in the last 3 decades, all of them have
some disadvantages that have made some limitations in their
clinical application and yet no delivery system has been
designed that can be applied in gene therapy of all kinds of
cell types in vitro and in vivo with no limitation and side
effects. So it seems that the process of developing successful
delivery systems, especially non viral systems, for use in in
vivo is still in its adolescence and more efforts are needed.
Totally, key steps effective in improving the currently available
systems include the following:
(1) improving extracellular targeting and delivery,
(2) enhancing intracellular delivery and long-time expression,
and
(3) reducing toxicity and side effects on human body.
22. Reference
1. Nayerossadat N et.al, “Viral and nonviral delivery
systems for gene delivery”, Advanced
Biomedical Research. 2012 ;1(2):1-12.
2. Stone D. Novel viral vector systems for gene
therapy. Viruses 2010;2:1002-7.
3. Katare DP, Aeri V. Progress in gene therapy: A
review. I.J.T.P.R 2010;1:33.
4. ASIAN J.EXP.BIOL.SCI.Vol1(1)2010:208-218.
5. Smith KR. Gene Therapy: The Potential
Applicability of Gene Transfer Technology to the
Human Germline. Int J Med Sci 2004;1:76-91.