Vesicoureteral reflux is an abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back up the ureters into the kidneys. It can develop as primary reflux, caused by a birth defect in the valve between the bladder and ureter, or secondary reflux caused by a blockage in the urinary system. Risk factors include family history, lighter skin color, and female sex. While most children outgrow reflux by age 5, treatment with antibiotics may be needed to prevent urinary tract infections from reaching the kidneys.

1. Vesicoureteral Reflux
Nisha & Milan

2. What is Vesicoureteral
Reflux?
• It is an abnormal flow of urine from the bladder back
up the tubes, which are called ureters.
• Ureters connect your kidneys to your bladder.

3. Vesicoureteral Reflux
can develop in 2
forms: caused by
• 1) Primary Vesicoureteral Reflux:
a flaw that is present before birth.
• The flaw is functional valve between the
bladder and a ureter.
• Genetic
• Cause of flaw= unknown

4. • 2) Secondary Vesicoureteral Reflux
• Caused by a blockage in the urinary system.
• Blockage results from
• Causes swelling of a ureter.

5. The Risks
• Family history
• Lighter skinned children
appear to have 3 times the
risk than dark skinned
people.
• Girls have about double the
risk than boys.

6. • Infants and young children get Vesicoureteral
Reflux. However, older children and adults
can be affected.
• The prevalence of vesicoureteral reflux in
children with a urinary infection is 31.1% in a
Canadian study that was done.

7. Treatment:
Many children don't need treatment because the older they get the
ureters grow.This usually happens by the age of 5.
If treatment is needed then antibiotics should be given.

8. Antibiotics
• Antibiotics stop urinary tract
infections from reaching the
kidneys.
• Also can be used to prevent
urinary tract infections
• Medications: 1)
trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole 2)
trimethoprim 3)
Nitrofurantoin

9. • kidney.niddk.nih.gov
• mayoclinic.com
• medicalnewstoday.com
• My health.alberta.ca
• ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• Thirdage.com