This presentation discusses vertical communication in buildings via stairs. It defines vertical communication as the exchange of people and goods between floors. Staircases are described as a series of steps that connect different floors. The key criteria for good stair design are then outlined, including location, width, length, pitch, headroom, and materials. Various types of stairs are classified, such as straight, turning, quarter turn, half turn, and spiral stairs. Finally, common materials used for stair construction, such as timber, metal, and precast concrete, are discussed.

1. Presentation on
Vertical communication
(BY STAIRS)
-Mohammad Aquib
B.E. & Diploma in Civil Engineering

2.  VERTICAL COMMUNICATION IN
BUILDING is the term which says us about
exchange of people, goods from a floor to
another floor .
 VERTICAL COMMUNOICATION IS NEEDED in
tall buildings, towers and various tall structure.

3. STAIRCASE :
A series of steps arranged in well manner to connect different
floors of a building is called staircase.

4. COMPONENTS OF STAIRCASE:
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5. CRITARIA FOR A GOOD STAIR:
1.Location
2.Width of stair
3.Length of flight
4.Pitch of stair
5.Head room
6.Materials of construction

6. CRITARIA FOR A GOOD STAIR:
1.Location:
a)Should be in light and ventilation
b)Should provide easy access from various part of building
c)Should be located centrally ,if possible
2.Width of stair:
Should be proper so that user can use with much
convenience ,width depends upon the location of stair.
3.Length of flight:
A flight can contain maximum 12 steps and minimum 3 steps to
give comfort and safety.

7. .....CRITARIA FOR A GOOD STAIR:
4.Head room:
Unobstructed vertical height should be provided(2.1m -2.3m),so
that tall person can use the stair.
5.Pitch of stair:
Pitch or slope of stair should be suitable so that ascent and
descent of people become easy.
6.Materials of construction:
The advanced material should be used for the construction of
stair as good tensile strength, fire resistance, waterproof material.

8. Stairs
1. Straight Stair 2. Turning Stair
2.1 Quarter
Turn Stair
2.2 Half
Turn Stair
2.3 Three
Quarter
Turn Stair
2.4
Bifurcated
Stair
2.5 Circular
Stair
2.6 Spiral
Stair
2.1.1 Newel
Quarter Turn Stair
2.1.2 Geometrical
Quarter Turn Stair
2.2.1 Dog-Logged or Newel
Half Turn Stair
2.2.3 Geometrical
Half Turn Stair
2.2.2 Open Newel Half
Turn Stair
CLASSIFICATION OF STAIRS:

9. 1.STRAIGHT STAIR:
The stair runs straight between the floors is called straight stair.

10. 2.TURNING STAIR:
The stair which runs by Curve or Angle between the
floor is called turning stair.

11. 2.1Quarter Turn Stair:
The stair which change its flight by 90 degree,called quarter stair.
2.1.1Newel quarter turn stair:
The quarter turn stair having NEVEL POSTS at beginning and end of each
flight,called newel quarter turn stair.

12. 2.1.2 Geometrical quarter turn stair:
#The quarter turn stair in which the stringer as well as the hand rail is
continuous.
#Newel post NOT used at the landing.

13. 2.2 Half turn stair:
2.2.1 Dog-legged OR Newel half turn stair:
 These stairs consist of two straight flight with abrupt turn.
 The flight run in opposite direction.
 There is no space between flights.

14. 2.2.2 Open newel half turn stair:
#These type of stair have a space or well between its outer strings.
#Remaining construction and features are same as dog-legged stair.

15. 2.2.3 Geometrical half turn stair:
 In these type of stair stringer as well as the hand rail is continuous.
 These type of stair have no newel post at the landing.

16. 2.3 Three Quarter Turn Stair:
 The stairs which change it’s direction three times is called three quarter turn
stair.
 These stair are used when:
• The stair room is limited.
• The vertical distance between two floors is large.
 These stair may be either NEWEL or OPEN NEWEL type.

17. 2.4 Bifurcated stair:
 These type of stair consist of two narrow flights which start from either side of mid-
landing.
 It is very common in public buildings.
 In this type of stair wide flight at the start which is divided in narrow flights at the
mid-landing.

18. 2.5 Circular stair:
 The stairs which appear to follow a circle with single centre of curvature and
large radius, when viewed from above.
 Circular stair are commonly constructed in R.C.C. or by cast iron and stone.

19. 2.6 Spiral Stair:
 Spiral stairs are similar to circular stair only the radius of curvature is small.
 Spiral stair is supported by a centre path.
 Spiral stairs can be constructed by cast iron,mild steel or R.C.C.

20. DIFFERENT MATERIALS USED FOR
CONSTRUCTION OF STAIR
(i.e, Fabricated stairs)
1)Timber OR wooden stair
2)Metal stair
3)Pre-cast concrete stair

21. 1)Timber OR Wooden Stair:
 The stairs manufactured by timber or wood is called Timber or Wood stair.
 Generally used residential building because of light weight.
 Timber used for construction should be free from fungal decay and insect
attack.
2)Metal Stair:
 The stair manufactured by cast iron OR steel is called metal stair.
 Generally used in factories, godowns and workshop.
 The rise are open of these stairs.
3)Pre-cast concrete stair:
 These are manufactured by R.C.C.(Rainforced cement concrete).
 These are suitable for the construction of high traffic stairs.
 These are very much durable.

22. Thank
you!!!