The document defines various terminology related to stairs, including baluster, balustrades, flights, hand rail, head room, landing, newel post, nosing, pitch, riser, tread, and winders. It provides the standard sizes for treads and risers in residential, commercial, and factory buildings. It also describes different types of stairs such as straight flight, doglegged, quarter turn, half turn, spiral, circular, bifurcated, open newel, and geometrical stairs. Pitch for stairs should be between 25-40 degrees.

1. Stairs
Er.Roshan Kr. Chaudhary
Faculty of construction engineering
R.A.G.C, Thane

2. Terminologies
 1.Baluster:The vertical member fixed between
string and hand rail.

3. Terminologies
 Balustrades-The combined frame work of
baluster and hand rails.
 Flights : Unbroken series of steps between
landing.

4. Terminologies
 Hand rail: it is inclined rail ,provided over the
stings.
 Head Room: vertical distance between nosing of
one flight and bottom of flight above it.

5. Terminology
 Landing : The horizontal Platform between 2
flights.

6. Terminologies
 Newel post: Vertical member at the ends of the
flight.

7. Terminologies
 Nosing : Projected part of the tread beyond the
Riser.

8. Terminologies
 Pitch:

9. Terminologies
 Riser: The vertical front member of a step.
 Tread: The horizontal upper portion of the tread.
 Winders: special type of steps which are used in
place of landing

10. FOR DESIGNING YOU MUST KNOW
 Pitch:25-40 degree
 Standard size of tread and riser:
Type of building Tread Riser
Residential
25 16
building
Commercial
building
27 15-16
factories 18 25

11. Different types of stairs:
 Straight flight stair
 Dog legged stair
 Quarter turn and half turn stair
 Spiral stair
 Circular stair
 Bifurcated stair
 Open newel stair
 Geometrical stair

12. Straight flight stair

13. Dog legged stair
 Flights run in opposite direction and there is no
space between the two flights in plan.

15. Quarter turn and half turn stair.
 Stair turning through 90 degree.

16. Spiral stair
 A Type of circular stair with a vertical column in
centre.

17. Circular stair
 Circular in plan , winders are used in instead of
landing.

18. Bifurcated stair
 Quarter turn stair with two branches divided after
landing.

19. Open newel stair
 Similar to dog legged stair but there is some gap
between two flights.

21. Geometrical stair
 Similar to open stair but two flights are connected
by each other by means curved winders instead
of landing.