There are four verb moods in English: indicative, imperative, emphatic, and subjunctive. The indicative mood makes statements of fact or asks questions using any verb tense. The imperative mood gives commands using the base verb form. The emphatic mood adds emphasis with "do" plus the base verb form. The subjunctive mood expresses wishes, suggestions, commands or uncertain conditions using past tense forms.
A Proper Understanding of the Punctuation Marks enables Impressive Writing. English Grammar considers these marks as the most significant for Correct Writing. Remember, a Punctuation Mark can
Sentence Types Structural classification (Part I: Simple, Compound, Compound-Complex Sentence)
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
Types of Sentences: Structural
Sentences are classified in to four according to their structure i.e. the type and number of clauses it consists.
1. Simple Sentence
2. Compound Sentence
3. Complex Sentence
4. Compound-Complex Sentence
1.Simple Sentence
A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
The dog barked.
The baby cried.
Girma and Alemu play football every afternoon.
St. George played well and won the game.
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence contains a subject and verb.
It expresses a single complete thought.
A simple sentence is a single independent clause.
A simple sentence might have a compound subject and/or compound verb.
Simple Sentence withCompound Subject and/or Compound Verb
The simple sentence may have a compound subject: The dog and the cat howled.
It may have a compound verb:
The dog howled and barked.
It may have a compound subject and a compound verb:
The dog and the cat howled and yowled respectively.
2. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences joined by
(1) a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction
(and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so):
The dog barked, and the cat yowled.
(2) a semicolon:
The dog barked; the cat yowled.
(3) a comma, but ONLY when the simple sentences
are being treated as items in a series:
The dog barked, the cat yowled, and the rabbit
chewed.
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS).
A compound sentence can also consist of two independent clauses joined by semi-colon
3. Complex Sentence
A complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
A. When he handed in his homework, he
forgot to give the teacher the last page. B. The teacher returned the homework after
she noticed the error. C. The students are studying because they
have a test tomorrow.D. After they finished studying, Juan and
Maria went to the movies. E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after
they finished studying.
COMPLEX SENTENCES / ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
A. The woman who(m) my mom talked to
sells cosmetics.B. The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.C. A girl whom I know was recently accepted
to Harvard University.
D. The Eiffel Tower, which is located in Paris,
is visited by millions of tourists annually.
The underlined part is the independent clause.
A Proper Understanding of the Punctuation Marks enables Impressive Writing. English Grammar considers these marks as the most significant for Correct Writing. Remember, a Punctuation Mark can
Sentence Types Structural classification (Part I: Simple, Compound, Compound-Complex Sentence)
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
Types of Sentences: Structural
Sentences are classified in to four according to their structure i.e. the type and number of clauses it consists.
1. Simple Sentence
2. Compound Sentence
3. Complex Sentence
4. Compound-Complex Sentence
1.Simple Sentence
A simple sentence, also called an independent clause, contains a subject and a verb, and it expresses a complete thought.
The dog barked.
The baby cried.
Girma and Alemu play football every afternoon.
St. George played well and won the game.
Simple Sentence
A simple sentence contains a subject and verb.
It expresses a single complete thought.
A simple sentence is a single independent clause.
A simple sentence might have a compound subject and/or compound verb.
Simple Sentence withCompound Subject and/or Compound Verb
The simple sentence may have a compound subject: The dog and the cat howled.
It may have a compound verb:
The dog howled and barked.
It may have a compound subject and a compound verb:
The dog and the cat howled and yowled respectively.
2. Compound Sentence
A compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences joined by
(1) a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction
(and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so):
The dog barked, and the cat yowled.
(2) a semicolon:
The dog barked; the cat yowled.
(3) a comma, but ONLY when the simple sentences
are being treated as items in a series:
The dog barked, the cat yowled, and the rabbit
chewed.
Compound Sentence
A compound sentence contains two independent clauses joined by a coordinator. The coordinators are as follows: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so (FANBOYS).
A compound sentence can also consist of two independent clauses joined by semi-colon
3. Complex Sentence
A complex sentence contains an independent clause and at least one dependent clause.
A. When he handed in his homework, he
forgot to give the teacher the last page. B. The teacher returned the homework after
she noticed the error. C. The students are studying because they
have a test tomorrow.D. After they finished studying, Juan and
Maria went to the movies. E. Juan and Maria went to the movies after
they finished studying.
COMPLEX SENTENCES / ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
A. The woman who(m) my mom talked to
sells cosmetics.B. The book that Jonathan read is on the shelf.C. A girl whom I know was recently accepted
to Harvard University.
D. The Eiffel Tower, which is located in Paris,
is visited by millions of tourists annually.
The underlined part is the independent clause.
Cohesive devices, sometimes called linking words, linkers, connectors, discourse markers or transitional words, are one of the most misunderstood and misused parts of IELTS Writing.
Cohesive devices are words like ‘For example‘, ‘In conclusion‘, ‘however‘ and ‘moreover‘. Together with coherence, cohesion provides 25% of your marks in both parts of the Writing test. However, most students have not been taught how to use them effectively.
This post will look at how and, more importantly, when we should use them.
http://ieltsadvantage.com/2015/08/12/cohesive-devices/
To get a good band score in your IELTS writing, you should use cohesive devices. With coherence, cohesion makes up 25% of your final IELTS writing band score. In this slideshow are some of the most useful cohesive devices to use in your ILETS writing.
Grammar Proficiency - Phrases and Clausessession 3.pptxNafisaHaque7
Grammar Proficiency can be acquired by knowing the nuances of Grammar'.From the rule of substitute reduce split to knowing the parts of speech is crucial.
The key lies in the function .How is it used is important.Thata decides whether a word would be a verb or a verbal.
Clause is important part in English Grammar. to combine, relate and report sentence it is very very vital.
Clause Establish relationship.and ensure conditions as desired. Useful for students , executives, teachers and presentations
Present Perfect: “there is/ there are”
Future tense of “have to”
Introduction to the passive voice
Present simple passive
Past perfect tense + yet / already
Quantifiers
Must / Might
Past simple of “can”
Reported speech
Verbs can, mustn’t, have to
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. • There are four moods in English grammar: indicative, imperative,
emphatic and subjunctive.
• The indicative mood is the form of a verb that is used to state a fact
or ask a question.
• The indicative mood is used to make factual statements, ask
questions, or express opinions as if they were facts. Any verb tense
may be deployed in the indicative mood.
4. In these sentences, the verbs are in the indicative mood.
1. I saw something today that really annoyed me.
2. He lives most of the year in Spain but returns regularly to visit his
ailing mother.
3. Zombies will be the new vampires.
4. Prosecutors have not said whether they will appeal the decision.
5. • The imperative mood is the form of the verb used to give commands.
• A sentence in the imperative mood expresses commands or
requests. It indicates that the speaker desires for the action
expressed in the sentence to take place.
• In most imperative sentences, there’s an implied you as the subject.
6. 1. Sit on the sofa.
2. Let me go with you.
3. Keep reading.
4. Give me a moment to collect my thoughts.
7. • The emphatic mood is the form of a verb that gives special force to a
simple present or past tense verb.
• The emphatic tenses receive their name because they are used for
emphasis.
• The present emphatic tense is formed by adding the basic present
form of the verb to the present tense of the verb to do (do or does).
• The past emphatic tense is formed by adding the basic present form
of the verb to the past tense of the verb to do (did).
8. 1. I do like green eggs and ham!
2. He does run fast.
3. Didn't he stay home?
4. Barry did come to school today.
Voyages page 70.
9.
10. What is the mood of the verb?
1. Please pick up your trash.
2. Fred does take the train every day.
3. Do you prefer creamy or chunky peanut butter?
4. Do not walk in that mud puddle!
5. ELA is fun.
6. Let’s begin our tour of the art museum.
7. Cheri did decide to attend the lecture.
8. I know the muffin man.
9. I do feel that aliens have been living among us.
11. • The subjunctive mood can express a wish or desire, or a condition
that is not fact.
• The subjunctive mood is the verb form used to express a wish, a
suggestion, a command, or a condition that is contrary to fact.
• The subjunctive mood is used to express demand or
recommendation after the word that, or to express uncertainty after
words like if or whether.
12. • When forming the subjunctive mood, the past tense form is used to
state present wishes or conditions against fact. Ex: ran)
I wish I ran at lightning speed. (I do not run at lightning speed, but I would like to – this is
a current wish or desire)
• The past perfect tense is used to state past wishes or conditions
against fact. (Ex: had run). Modals such as could and would show
that a statement is contrary to fact.
If I had run for mayor, I certainly would have won the race.
(I did not run for mayor in a past election, so this is a condition that is contrary to fact.)
13. • In a complex sentence, the subjunctive mood is shown in the
subordinate clause, (usually beginning with that, if, or whether) and
the base form of the verb is used.
- I recommend that Bradley buy a used car instead of a new one.
- Whether you believe it or not, grammar skills are important to good writing.
Voyages page 72