Andrew Jackson was elected president in 1828 as the candidate of the newly emerging Democratic Party. He won in a landslide due to expanded voting rights. As president, Jackson faced the Nullification Crisis over states' rights but was able to negotiate a compromise. He also opposed the renewal of the Second Bank of the United States' charter and removed federal funds to weaken it. Jackson's presidency expanded presidential power and common man's role in government but also contributed to economic instability.

1. ANDREW JACKSON
7th President
1829-1837

2. 1. Mudslinging – an attempt to ruin an opponent’s reputation with public
insults
2. Landslide – an overwhelming victory
3. Nullify – to cancel or make ineffective
4. Caucus – a meeting held by a political party to choose the party’s candidate
5. Suffrage – the right to vote
6. Secede – to leave or withdraw

3. 7. Spoils system – the
practice of giving
government jobs
to one’s
supporters =>
8. Veto – to reject

4. • By the election of 1828 the country was again
divided into parties
=> John Quincy Adams was supported by the
National Republican Party
=> Andrew Jackson was supported by the
Democratic - Republican Party, the beginning
of today’s Democratic Party
- Jackson is called the “Founder of the
Democratic Party”

5. • During the 1828 campaign, both parties took part in mudslinging
- Democrats claimed that Adams had betrayed the people, and
Republicans reminded people of past embarrassments in Jackson’s
military career
• Andrew Jackson won the election in a landslide, with 56% of the popular vote
and 178 electoral votes
- This was possible because of an extension of voting rights which gave
suffrage to ALL white males, and not just those who owned property
FYI: The 15th Amendment in 1870 gave African-American men the right to vote,
though most could not exercise that right until the Voting Rights Act of 1965; the 19th
Amendment gave women suffrage in 1920.

6. • Because of his tough reputation
during the War of 1812,
Jackson’s troops called him “Old
Hickory”
• Jackson replaced many federal
workers with his own supporters
- Many disagreed with this
“spoils system”, but Jackson said
that a new set of federal
employees would be good for
democracy

7. • Jackson’s supporters abandoned the caucus system and allowed delegates
from the states to select their party’s candidate
• The changes in voting rights and the public nominating conventions rather
than caucuses ushered in a time of expanding the ideas and influences of
“government of the people”. This period became a time of Jacksonian
Democracy

8. • The South was still angry over the 1828 Tariff of
Abominations
• Some leaders in South Carolina threatened to secede
from the United States over the tariff
• Vice President John C. Calhoun supported the states’
rights doctrine, which put forth the idea that the
states had the right to nullify a federal law if it went
against the interests of the state

9. • Opponents in the North said that the American people, not the individual
states, made up the Union. The conflict became known as the Nullification
Crisis
• In the Senate, South Carolina senator Robert Hayne defended the state’s right
to nullify acts of the federal government’
• Massachusetts senator Daniel Webster insisted that the interests of the Union
must prevail. He ended his comments with these words:
“Liberty, Union, now and forever, one and inseparable!”

12. • In 1832, Jackson urged Congress to pass a lower tariff, hoping to appease South
Carolina
- In response, South Carolina passed the Nullification Act, declaring the
tariffs of 1828 and 1832 “null and void”
- Congress then passed the Force Bill in 1833; this allowed the president to
use the U.S. military to enforce acts of Congress
- Henry Clay proposed a compromise to gradually lower the tariff, which
was approved by Congress and South Carolina
- In spite of this compromise, both sides still held their opposing beliefs
about states’ rights

14. • President Jackson opposed the Second Bank of the United States,
believing it was an unconstitutional extension of the power of
Congress
• He felt that the states should have more control over the banking
system

15. • The Bank’s director,
Nicholas Biddle, pushed to
renew the Bank’s charter
- Jackson vetoed the
bill and weakened the Bank’s
power by moving funds into
state banks

16. • To slow the effects of inflation, in 1836 Jackson ordered that
Americans use only gold or silver (rather than paper currency) to buy
government land. This order was known as Specie Circular

17. • In 1834, while Jackson was still in office, a new political party formed to
oppose him and his party
• The new group called themselves the Whig Party; they favored the idea of
a weak president and a strong Congress

18. • While Jackson’s economic policies lowered the national debt, they also led o
increased inflation and further economic problems for the next president