Download to read offline
Passive in English.pdf jdoosopaisjsjsops
- 1.
- 2. Voice, Mood, Tense Types of Sentences There are four types of sentences, each serving a different purpose: • Declarative: Makes a statement. Example: The sky is blue. • Interrogative: Asks a question. Example: Is the sky blue? • Imperative: Gives a command. Example: Close the door. • Exclamatory: Expresses strong emotion. Example: What a beautiful sky!
- 3. Voice Voice refersto the relationship between the subject and the action of the verb. There are two voices: • Active Voice: The subject performs the action. The cat chased the mouse. • Passive Voice: The subject receives the action. The mouse was chased by the cat. Active voice is usually preferred in writing for clarity and conciseness.
- 4. Mood Mood expressesthe attitude of the speaker toward the action or state of the verb. There are three main moods: • Indicative Mood: States a fact or asks a question. She is reading. / Is she reading? • Imperative Mood: Gives a command or request. Read the book. • Subjunctive Mood: Expresses a wish, suggestion, or condition that is contrary to fact. If I were you, I would read more.
- 5. Mood Because interrogative sentencesare often just rearranged versions of sentences that use the indicative mood, the interrogative mood is often said to be a subtype of the indicative mood or described as a type of sentence or clause rather than a distinct mood
- 6. Tenses Tenses indicatethe time of action or state of being as shown by the verb. There are three main tenses, each with four aspects:
- 7. Present tense ❖Simple Present:She reads. ❖Present Continuous: She is reading. ❖Present Perfect: She has read. ❖Present Perfect Continuous: She has been reading.
- 8. Past tense ❖ SimplePast: She read. ❖ Past Continuous: She was reading. ❖ Past Perfect: She had read. ❖ Past Perfect Continuous: She had been reading.
- 9. Future tense ❖ SimpleFuture: She will read. ❖ Future Continuous: She will be reading. ❖ Future Perfect: She will have read. ❖ Future Perfect Continuous: She will have been reading.
- 10. Why Use thePassive Voice? ❖To emphasize the receiver of the action. ❖ To avoid mentioning the agent (doer of the action). ❖ To make a sentence more formal or impersonal.
- 11. Active and PassiveVoice Present Simple Tense is/are + past participle ❖ Active: He reads a novel. ❖ Passive: A novel is read by him. ❖ Active: He does not cook food. ❖ Passive: Food is not cooked by him.
- 12. Active and PassiveVoice Present Continuous Tense is/are being + past participle ❖ Active: They are serving poor people. ❖ Passive: Poor people are being served by them. ❖ Active: Sara is not chopping vegetables. ❖ Passive: Vegetables are not being chopped by Sara
- 13. Active and PassiveVoice Present Perfect Tense has/have been + past participle ❖ Active: Have they left the apartment? ❖ Passive: Has apartment been left by them? ❖ Active: She has created this masterpiece. ❖ Passive: This masterpiece has been created by her
- 14. Active and PassiveVoice Past Simple Tense was/were + past participle ❖ Active: My mother cleaned the floor. ❖ Passive: The floor was cleaned by my mother. ❖ Active: Ali bought a bicycle. ❖ Passive: A bicycle was bought by Ali.
- 15. Active and PassiveVoice Past Continuous Tense was/were being + past participle ❖ Active: Ali was repairing the car. ❖ Passive: The car was being repaired by Ali. ❖ Active: Were you reciting the poem? ❖ Passive: Was the poem being recited?
- 16. Active and PassiveVoice Past Perfect Tense had been + past participle ❖ Active: Had they caught the thief? ❖ Passive: Had the thief been caught by them? ❖ Active: Sara had not received the parcel. ❖ Passive: The parcel had not been received by Sara.
- 17. Active and PassiveVoice Future Tense will be + past participle ❖ Active: Sara will save money. ❖ Passive: Money will be saved by Sara. ❖ Active: They will have cleaned the room by the time we get there. ❖ Passive: The room will have been cleaned by the time we get there.
- 18. 1.) Present PerfectContinuous Tense 2.) Past Perfect Continuous Tense 3.) Future Perfect Continuous Tense: By next year, the new technology will have been being developed for over a decade. 4.) Future Continuous Tense : A cake will be being baked tomorrow from morning to noon.